基于量子点涂料的柔性光阳极及碳基对电极的制备和优化

首先制备出量子点(QDs)/TiO_2涂料,分别采用丝网印刷法与刀刮法将涂料涂覆于ITO/PET柔性基底上,结果表明刀刮法制备量子点敏化太阳电池(QDSCs)效果更佳,且具有普适性。基于铜片对电极所组装的ZnCuInSe,CdSe和CdSeTe量子点半柔性QDSCs最高效率分别达2.83%,2.46%和1.99%。另外,我们对石墨纸进行表面化学修饰以提高亲水性,再通过简单的连续离子交换吸附法(SILAR)在石墨纸上负载Cu_xS纳米粒子,制备出Cu_xS/GP柔性对电极,进一步组装成全柔性QDSCs,获得了2.13%光电转化效率。     

三种CuS对电极的制备及其对量子点敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

近几年,量子点敏化太阳能电池因其具有低成本、易合成、高的光电转换效率等优点而广受关注. 半导体金属硫化物具有良好的物理和化学性质,被广泛应用于各个领域,其中,铜硫化物凭借其优异的电化学催化活性,而成为量子点敏化太阳能电池良好的对电极材料. 本文通过3种不同的方法在FTO表面生长CuS纳米阵列（依次记为CuS-1、CuS-2、CuS-3）,并对样品进行晶相表征、表面形貌分析、电化学性能测试以及相应量子点敏化太阳能电池器件组装,最终发现CuS-3样品具有最优的光电性能.     

CdTe/CdS共敏化TiO2电极材料的制备与光电性能

将电沉积法和化学浴沉积法结合,分别将CdTe和CdS量子点纳米晶材料引入到TiO_2纳米管阵列上制备CdTe/CdS量子点共敏化TiO_2光电极。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和X射线能量色散光谱等测试手段对所得样品的形貌、晶型和组分进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,通过电化学工作站测试其光电化学性能。研究结果表明,相对于单一量子点敏化CdS/TiO_2和CdTe/TiO_2光电极而言,共敏化CdTe/CdS/TiO_2光电极表现出更好的光电转化性能,短路电流密度和光电转换效率分别可以达到3.1 m A·cm~(-2)和1.85%。此外,采用电化学阻抗测试技术对材料性能提升的原因进行深入的探究。     

硫化ZIF-67薄膜作为方酸敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究

沸石-咪唑框架结构(ZIFs)是一种新型多孔材料,具有表面积大、孔隙度高、孔隙大小可调节和通道规则等独特的优点。本文通过硫化涂覆在导电玻璃上的ZIF-67薄膜,制备了多孔碳和硫化钴复合材料,研究了其对I-/I-3氧化还原对的催化性能,以替代铂作为方酸染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和等温吸附的测量,分析了硫化ZIF-67得到的对电极多孔膜的结构和形态特征,并通过Tafel曲线和电化学阻抗谱图对其催化性能进行评价。结果表明,硫化60min的ZIF-67对电极催化性能与Pt对电极相当,方酸敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率分别是4.03%和4.10%。     

CulnS2量子点敏化太阳能电池中尺寸依赖的电子注入和光电性质

研究了CulnS2(CIS)量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的电子注入和器件性能与粒子尺寸之间的依赖关系.首先合成了不同尺寸的CulnS2量子点(QDs),制备了CulnS2量子点敏化的TiO2薄膜,并组装了量子点敏化太阳能电池.通过循环伏安法确定了CulnS2量子点的能级位置.采用时间分辨荧光光谱分析测量了CulnS2量子点到TiO2薄膜的电子转移速率和效率.结果发现,随着粒子尺寸从4.0 nm减小到2.5nm,电子注入速率略微增加而电子注入效率减小,同时量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压基本不变,而光电转换效率、短路电流和填充因子(FF)均减小.上述研究结果表明量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的优化可以通过改变量子点的尺寸来实现.     

CuInS_2量子点敏化太阳能电池中尺寸依赖的电子注入和光电性质

研究了CuInS2(CIS)量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSSCs)的电子注入和器件性能与粒子尺寸之间的依赖关系.首先合成了不同尺寸的CuInS2量子点(QDs),制备了CuInS2量子点敏化的TiO2薄膜,并组装了量子点敏化太阳能电池.通过循环伏安法确定了CuInS2量子点的能级位置.采用时间分辨荧光光谱分析测量了CuInS2量子点到TiO2薄膜的电子转移速率和效率.结果发现,随着粒子尺寸从4.0 nm减小到2.5 nm,电子注入速率略微增加而电子注入效率减小,同时量子点敏化太阳能电池的开路电压基本不变,而光电转换效率、短路电流和填充因子(FF)均减小.上述研究结果表明量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的优化可以通过改变量子点的尺寸来实现.     

CdS量子点敏化ZnO纳米棒阵列电极的制备和光电化学性能

采用连续式离子层吸附与反应法制备了CdS量子点敏化的ZnO纳米棒电极.应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对CdS量子点/ZnO纳米棒电极的形貌、晶型和颗粒尺寸进行了分析和表征;采用光电流-电位曲线和光电流谱研究了不同CdS循环沉积次数及不同沉积浓度对复合电极的光电性能影响.结果表明,前驱体浓度都为0.1mol·L-1且沉积15次敏化后的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极光电性能最好.与单纯的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极和单纯的CdS量子点电极相比,其光电转换效率显著提高,单色光光子-电流转换效率(IPCE)在380nm处达到76%.这是因为CdS量子点可以拓宽光的吸收到可见光区,并且在所形成的界面上光生载流子更容易分离.荧光光谱实验进一步说明了光电增强的原因是,两者间形成的界面中表面态大大减少,有利于减少光生电子和空穴的复合.     

铜锌锡硫的合成及其光电应用

铜锌锡硫(CZTS)半导体常作为对电极材料被应用于量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)中,然而效率一直低于4%。本文采用热注入法合成出纳米尺寸的CZTS并制成对电极(CZTS/FTO),用其组装的CdSe QDSCs和CdSeTe QDSCs的效率(PCE)分别达到了5.75%和7.64%。电化学阻抗谱、塔菲尔极化等表征证明电池效率的提高与CZTS良好的导电性及催化活性联系密切。     

铜锌锡硫的合成及其光电应用

铜锌锡硫(CZTS)半导体常作为对电极材料被应用于量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)中,然而效率一直低于4%。本文采用热注入法合成出纳米尺寸的CZTS并制成对电极(CZTS/FTO),用其组装的Cd Se QDSCs和Cd Se Te QDSCs的效率(PCE)分别达到了5.75%和7.64%。电化学阻抗谱、塔菲尔极化等表征证明电池效率的提高与CZTS良好的导电性及催化活性联系密切。     

溅射-置换法制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极Pt/FTO

采用溅射-置换(SD)法在导电玻璃(FTO)基底上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极SD-Pt/FTO.形貌表征显示,和热解法(PY)所获得的对电极(PY-Pt/FTO)相比,SD法获得的对电极SD-Pt/FTO上Pt颗粒分散性显著改善.光电流-光电压特性曲线测试表明,以SD-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的光电转化效率比以PY-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的提高了16.5%.DSSC电池性能改善与SD-Pt/FTO对电极具有较低的电阻和由Pt颗粒分散性改善引起催化性能改善密切相关.     

基于量子点涂料的柔性光阳极及碳基对电极的制备和优化

首先制备出量子点（QDs）/TiO₂涂料,分别采用丝网印刷法与刀刮法将涂料涂覆于ITO/PET柔性基底上,结果表明刀刮法制备量子点敏化太阳电池（QDSCs）效果更佳,且具有普适性。基于铜片对电极所组装的ZnCuInSe,CdSe和CdSeTe量子点半柔性QDSCs最高效率分别达2.83%,2.46%和1.99%。另外,我们对石墨纸进行表面化学修饰以提高亲水性,再通过简单的连续离子交换吸附法（SILAR）在石墨纸上负载Cu_xS纳米粒子,制备出Cu_xS/GP柔性对电极,进一步组装成全柔性QDSCs,获得了2.13%光电转化效率。     

Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Cu2−xE (E=S,Se) Nanotubes with Hierarchical Architecture as High‐Performance Counter Electrodes of Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Copper chalcogenide nanostructures (e.g. one‐ dimensional nanotubes) have been the focus of interest because of their unique properties and great potential in various applications. Their current fabrications mainly rely on high‐temperature or complicated processes. Here, with the assistance of theoretical prediction, we prepared Cu_2?xE (E=S, Se) micro‐/nanotubes (NTs) with a hierarchical architecture by using copper nanowires (Cu NWs), stable sulfur and selenium powder as precursors at room temperature. The influence of reaction parameters (e.g. precursor ratio, ligands, ligand ratio, and reaction time) on the formation of nanotubes was comprehensively investigated. The resultant Cu_2?xE (E=S, Se) NTs were used as counter electrodes (CE) of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) to achieve a conversion efficiency (η) of 5.02 and 6.25 %, respectively, much higher than that of QDSSCs made with Au CE (η=2.94 %).     

硫化亚铜对电极在量子点敏化太阳电池中的应用

报道了一种基于硫族金属复合物N₄H₉Cu₇S₄前驱体溶液制备硫化亚铜对电极的新方法. 分别制备了TiO₂纳米颗粒多孔薄膜和TiO₂纳米棒阵列结构的光阳极, 并在此基础上研究了基于硫化亚铜对电极的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池的光电性能, 同时结合电化学阻抗技术考察了硫化亚铜对电极的催化性能. 结果表明: 与铂电极相比, 本方法制备的硫化亚铜电极对多硫电解质具有更高的催化活性, 所组装的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池具有更优的光伏性能.     

Electrophoretic Deposition of a Reduced Graphene–Au Nanoparticle Composite Film as Counter Electrode for CdS Quantum Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A reduced graphene (RG)‐Au nanoparticle composite film is successfully fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and used as counter electrode for quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells. The RG‐Au composite is prepared by one‐step microwave‐assisted reduction of chloroaurate in alkaline solution with graphite oxide dispersion. Under one sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm^?2), the cell with a RG‐Au counter electrode shows an energy conversion efficiency of 1.36 %, which is higher than those of cells employing conventional Pt or Au counter electrodes, due to the superior combination of highly catalytic Au nanoparticles and the conductive graphene network structure.     

Environmentally Benign and Efficient Ag2S‐ZnO Nanowires as Photoanodes for Solar Cells: Comparison with CdS‐ZnO Nanowires

In this work, we develop a low‐temperature, facile solution reaction route for the fabrication of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) containing Ag₂S‐ZnO nanowires (NWs), simultaneously ensuring low manufacturing costs and environmental safety. For comparison, a CdS‐ZnO NW photoanode was also prepared using the layer‐by‐layer growth method. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed type‐II band alignments for the band structures of both photoanodes which facilitate electron transfer/collection. Compared to CdS‐ZnO QDSSCs, Ag₂S‐ZnO QDSSCs exhibit a considerably higher short‐circuit current density (J_sc) and a strongly enhanced light‐harvesting efficiency, but lower open‐circuit voltages (V_oc), resulting in almost the same power‐conversion efficiency of 1.2 %. Through this work, we demonstrate Ag₂S as an efficient quantum‐dot‐sensitizing material that has the potential to replace Cd‐based sensitizers for eco‐friendly applications.     

Light conversion efficiency of flower like structure TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin film solar cells

Flower like structure TiO₂ thin films have been grown onto ITO coated glass substrates by sol–gel method. TiO₂ nano flowers have been sensitized using CdS quantum dots prepared using simple precursors by chemical method. The assembly of CdS quantum dots with TiO₂ nano flower has been used as photo-electrode in quantum dot sensitized solar cells. The surface morphology has been studied using scanning electron microscope; it shows that the film exhibits flower like structure. The absorption spectra reveals that the absorption edge of CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower shifts towards longer wavelength side when compared to the absorption edge of TiO₂ nano flower. The efficiency of the fabricated CdS quantum dot sensitized TiO₂ nano flower based solar cell is 0.66%.     

Low‐cost Nickel Complex Dye‐sensitized Titania Nanoparticle/nanotube Composites for Solar Cells

In this work, high‐performance dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on new low‐cost visible nickel complex dye (VisDye), TiO₂ nanoparticle/nanotube composites electrodes, carbon nanoparticles counter electrodes, and ionic liquids electrolytes have been fabricated. The electronic structure, optical spectroscopy, and electrochemical properties of the VisDye were studied. Experimental results indicate that it is beneficial to improve the electron transport and power conversion efficiency using the nickel complex VisDye and TiO₂ nanoparticle/nanotube composites. Under optimized conditions, the solar energy conversion efficiencies were measured. The short‐circuit current density (J_SC), the open‐circuit voltage (V_OC), the fill factor (FF), and the overall efficiency (η) of the DSSCs are 10.01 mA/cm², 516 mV, 0.68, and 3.52%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the combination of new VisDye with TiO₂ nanoparticle/nanotube composites electrodes and carbon nanoparticles counter electrodes provide a way to fabricate highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells in low‐cost production.     

高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极. 通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件. 以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO₂纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池. 光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能. 与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性. 通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

Integration of Semiconducting Sulfides for Full‐Spectrum Solar Energy Absorption and Efficient Charge Separation

The full harvest of solar energy by semiconductors requires a material that simultaneously absorbs across the whole solar spectrum and collects photogenerated electrons and holes separately. The stepwise integration of three semiconducting sulfides, namely ZnS, CdS, and Cu_2?xS, into a single nanocrystal, led to a unique ternary multi‐node sheath ZnS–CdS–Cu_2?xS heteronanorod for full‐spectrum solar energy absorption. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the nonstoichiometric copper sulfide nanostructures enables effective NIR absorption. More significantly, the construction of pn heterojunctions between Cu_2?xS and CdS leads to staggered gaps, as confirmed by first‐principles simulations. This band alignment causes effective electron–hole separation in the ternary system and hence enables efficient solar energy conversion.