Frequency Upconversion Fluorescence Emission of Er^3＋-Doped Oxychloride Germanate Glass

Frequency upconversion fluorescence property of Er^3 -doped oxychloride germanate glass is investigated. Intense green and red emissions centred at 525, 546, and 657nm, corresponding to the transitions ^2H11/2→4I15/2,^4S3/2→^4I15/2, and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2, respectively, were simultaneously observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546, and 657nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under 975 nm laser diode (LD) excitation. The Raman spectrum investigation indicates that oxychloride germanate glass has the maximum phonon energy at-805cm^-1. The thermal stability of this oxychloride germanate glass is evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal stability factor AT(△T = Tx -Tg) is 187℃. Intense upconversion luminescence and good thermal stability indicate that Er^3 -doped oxychloride germanate glass is a promising upconversion laser material.     

Tm~(3+) and Nd~(3+) singly doped LiYF_4 single crystals with 3-5 μm mid-infrared luminescence

Mid-infrared(MIR) emissions of 2.4 and 3.5 μm from Tm3+:LiYF4 single crystals attributed to3H4 →3H5 and3H5 →3F4 transitions as well as MIR emissions of 4.2,4.3,and 4.5 μm from Nd3+:LiYF4 lasers attributed to4I15/2 →4I13/2,4I13/2 →4I11/2,and4I11/2 →4I9/2 transitions,respectively,are observed.LiYF4 single crystals possess high transmittance of over 85% in the 2.5-6 μm range.The large emission crosssections of Tm-doped crystals at 2.4 μm(1.9×10-20cm2) and Nd-doped crystals at 4.2 μm(0.84×10-20 cm2) as well as the high rare-earth doping concentrations,excellent optical transmission,and chemicalphysical properties of the resultant samples indicate that Nd3+and Tm3+singly doped crystals may be promising materials for application in MIR lasers.     

Yb~(3+)掺杂磷酸盐玻璃光纤与1.06μm单频激光器的研制

超短线性腔是实现单频激光稳定输出的最简单的结构,针对石英玻璃光纤掺杂离子浓度低、输出功率小的缺点,选择对稀土离子具有较高溶解度的磷酸盐玻璃作为增益介质,研究了Yb3+掺杂磷酸盐玻璃(P2O5-B2O3-K2O-BaO-Al2O3-Nb2O5-Sb2O3)的光谱特性,解决了Yb2O3高浓度掺杂和提高Yb3+荧光寿命的问题。实验表明磷酸盐玻璃对Yb2O3溶解度摩尔分数可达6%(质量分数为15.5%);通过除水技术,Yb3+离子2F5/2能级的寿命达到1.84 ms。在此基础上采用管棒法拉制出了磷酸盐玻璃单模光纤,通过光栅选频,利用1.4 cm光纤实现了中心波长1063.5 nm,功率51.6 mW的单频激光输出。     

2-μm emission performance of Tm~(3+)-Ho~(3+) co-doped tellurite glasses

The emission properties of 2-μm region fluorescence of Tm~(3+)-Ho~(3+) co-doped tellurite glasses are investigated. Introducing F~- ions to the composition of tellurite glasses plays a positive effect on the 2-μm emission.A maximum intensity of 2-μm emission is achieved when 1.5-mol%Tm_2O_3 and l-mol% Ho_2_O3 concentration are doped in the glasses.The emission cross section and gain coefficient of the ~5I_8→~5I_7 transition of Ho~(3+) are calculated.The emission cross section has a maximum of 1.29×10~(-2...     

NaYF_4微晶中Tm~(3+)-Er~(3+)耦合对间的能量传递

在NaYF4微晶中借助于Tm3+-Er3+耦合对间能量传递过程,能够将一个高能291 nm紫外光光子剪裁成近红外796 nm和蓝色476 nm两个光子。在291 nm(34 364 cm-1)紫外光激发下,Tm3+的1I6能级首先被布居,再经过一个交叉弛豫过程使得Er3+的4I9/2和Tm3+的1G4能级同时被布居,从而实现了Tm3+的1G4→3H6[476 nm(21 008 cm-1)]和Er3+的4I9/2→4I15/2[796 nm(12 563 cm-1)]辐射跃迁。估算了这种下转换过程的能量传递效率ηET和量子效率ηQE。通过这种量子剪裁可以解决光谱失配问题,提高GaAs太阳能电池中的转换效率。     

构建NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Nd~(3+)纳米核壳结构增强Ho~(3+)离子的上转换红光发射

三阶Ho~(3+)离子的红光发射位于生物组织的"光学窗口"中,在生物医学领域具有巨大应用前景,增强其红光发射已成为大家关注热点.为此,本文借助外延生长技术构建NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaYF_4纳米核壳结构,并在其外壳中引入不同浓度的敏化离子Yb~(3+)和Nd~(3+)离子,以构建新的能量传递通道,实现Ho~(3+)离子的上转换红光发射增强.实验结果表明:在近红外光980 nm及800 nm激发下,NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)和NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Ho~(3+)/Ce~(3+)@NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Nd~(3+)核壳纳米结构均可实现Ho~(3+)离子的红光发射增强,最高可增强6.1倍,主要是由于外壳中的敏化离子可传递更多的激发能给Ho~(3+)离子.同时,研究发现在双波长(980 nm+800 nm)共激发下,NaYF_4:20%Yb~(3+)/2%Ho~(3+)/12%Ce~(3+)@NaYF_4:15%Yb~(3+)/20%Nd~(3+)核壳纳米晶体的红光发射强度明显高于两个单一波长激发下的红光发射强度及其之和,其原因是由双波长共激发的协同效应所致.由此可见,通过引入不同敏化离子构建多模式激发的稀土掺杂纳米核壳结构,不仅可实现上转换红光发射的增强及激发的有效调控,且可为进一步拓展该类材料在生物医学、防伪编码、多色显示等领域中的应用提供新思路.     

Nd~(3+)掺杂的NaYF_4∶Yb,Er/Tm上转换纳米颗粒的光谱分析

生物组织对980 nm波长的光有较强的吸收,限制了Yb/Er或Yb/Tm共掺的Na YF4上转换纳米颗粒在生物方面的应用范围。通过对Na YF4∶Yb,Er/Tm纳米颗粒进行Nd掺杂,获得可在800 nm波长的激光激发下产生荧光的纳米颗粒。对多种不同形貌的Nd掺杂纳米颗粒的荧光光谱的研究表明,具有核壳结构的Na YF4∶Yb3+20%,Er3+2%@Na YF4∶Nd3+20%纳米颗粒在800 nm激光激发下的荧光强度最高,基本上与Na YF4∶Yb3+20%,Er3+2%纳米颗粒在980 nm激光激发下的荧光强度相当,其强度比Na YF4∶Yb3+20%,Er3+2%,Nd3+20%纳米颗粒提高了600倍以上。分析表明,Nd掺杂导致的淬灭效应主要来自于Nd和光敏剂Yb之间的作用,而不是与活化剂Er/Tm之间的作用。     

1. 32μm Nd~(3 ): YAG Pulse Laser

Using specially coated mirrors, an output energy of 0.97 J at 1.32 μm from a Nd3 : YAG pulse laser is obtained with pumping energy of 66 J. The repetition rate is 1 pulse/sec and the slope efficiency is 1.7%. The repetition rate can be changed from 1 pulse/sec to 10 pulses/sec.     

Compact and efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1.06μm

Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4/Cr4+:YAG lasers with a simple flat-flat cavity were demonstrated. The maximum average output power at 1.06 μm was 1.25 W. The highest peak power and pulse energy were 7.56 kW and 75μJ, respectively, with the pulse repetition rate of 11.1 kHz and pulse width of 10 ns at the incident pump power of 8 W.     

2.0-μm emission and energy transfer of Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+) co-doped LiYF_4 single crystal excited by 980 nm

Ho3+/Yb3+co-doped Li YF4 single crystals with various Yb3+concentrations and ～ 0.98 mol% Ho3+concentration are grown by the Bridgman method under the conditions of taking Li F and YF3 as raw materials and a temperature gradient(40°C/cm–50°C/cm) for the solid–liquid interface.The luminescent performances of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra,infrared transmittance spectrum,emission cross section,and decay curves under excitation by 980 nm.Compared with the Ho3+single-doped Li YF4 crystal,the Ho3+/Yb3+co-doped Li YF4 single crystal has an obviously enhanced emission band from 1850 nm to 2150 nm observed when excited by a 980-nm diode laser.The energy transfer from Yb3+to Ho3+and the optimum fluorescence emission around 2.0 μm of Ho3+ions are investigated.The maximum emission cross section of the above sample at 2.0 μm is calculated to be 1.08×10-20cm2 for the Li YF4 single crystal of1-mol% Ho3+and 6-mol% Yb3+according to the measured absorption spectrum.The high energy transfer efficiency of88.9% from Yb3+to Ho3+ion in the sample co-doped by Ho3+(1 mol%) and Yb3+(8 mol%) demonstrates that the Yb3+ions can efficiently sensitize the Ho3+ions.     

Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂YNbO_4粉末上转换发光特性

采用高温固相法,以50Nb_2O_5-40Y2O_3-2Nd2O_3-8Yb_2O_3的量比在1 300℃下制备Nd~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂YNbO_4粉末样品。运用Judd-Ofelt理论研究样品光谱特性。由吸收谱中各吸收峰面积计算得到谱线强度参数Ωλ(λ=2,4,6),进而得出理论振子强度及实验振子强度,二者均方根偏差δ_(rms)=1.618×10-7。计算了Nd~(3+)能级4F3/2→4IJ'(J'=15/2,13/2,11/2,9/2)跃迁几率、跃迁分支比和能级寿命。4F3/2→4I11/2跃迁分支比最高(56.91%),对应波长1 062 nm。且亚稳态4F3/2能级寿命较长,为1.435 2 ms,适合作为上转换中间能级。在980 nm半导体激光器激发下,观测到波长为487,541,662 nm上转换发光,分别对应于Nd~(3+)的2G9/2→4I9/2、4G7/2→4I9/2和4G7/2→4I13/2辐射跃迁。通过样品上转换发射功率与激光器工作电流进行的曲线拟合,得到吸收光子数目依次为2.06,1.99,2.15,确定3个发射峰均对应于双光子吸收。     

Diode-pumped continuous-wave and passively Q-switched 1.06 μm YVO4/Nd:GdVO4 laser

In this letter, a diode-pumped continuous-wave and passively Q-switched 1.06 μm laser with a novel composite YVO₄/Nd:GdVO₄ crystal was demonstrated for the first time. Theoretical calculations showed that the temperature distribution in YVO₄/Nd:GdVO₄ crystal was lower than that in GdVO₄/Nd:GdVO₄ and Nd:GdVO₄ crystals under the same conditions. After optimizing the mode matching degree, a CW output power of 5.6 W of YVO₄/Nd:GdVO₄ laser was obtained at the incident pump power of 12 W when the output coupler with transmission of 30% was employed. Using Cr^4 +:YAG crystals with initial transmission (T₀) of 80% and 90% as saturable absorbers, the pulsed YVO₄/Nd:GdVO₄ laser characteristics were investigated. At the incident pump power of 12 W, the maximum average output power of 2.76 W and the maximum repetition rate of 189 kHz was achieved when T₀ = 90% Cr^4 +:YAG was used. The shortest pulse width was 28.1 ns when the initial transmission of the used Cr^4 +:YAG was 80%.     

Investigations of Rare Earth Doped LaF_3 by Professor YEN and His Collaborators——From Bulk Crystal to Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing LaF_3 Nanocrystals

1 Luminescence of Rare Earth Doped LaF3 Crystal LaF3 is an ideal low-phonon host for rare earthions due to its ability to form extensive solid solu-tions with all the RE ions.In 1964,professor Yen published his first paper on the Physical Review titled"Phonon-induced relaxation in excited opticalstates of trivalent praseodymium in LaF3"[1],whichwas Prof.Yen s very first work in the field of solidstate optical spectrosc     

Investigations of Rare Earth Doped LaF3 by Professor YEN and His Collaborators——From Bulk Crystal to Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing LaF3 Nanocrystals

1 Luminescence of Rare Earth Doped LaF3 Crystal LaF3 is an ideal low-phonon host for rare earth ions due to its ability to form extensive solid solutions with all the RE ions.     

Effect of OH－ on Fluorescence Lifetime and Laser Performance of Er~（3＋） Glass

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＯＨ－ｏｎＦｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅＬｉｆｅｔｉｍｅａｎｄＬａｓｅｒＰｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆＥｒ~（３＋）Ｇｌａｓｓ￥（ＡｌｓｏｗｉｔｈＳｈａｎｇｈａｉｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｐｔｉｃｓａｎｄＦｉｎｅＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，Ａｃａｄｅｍｉ?..     

Structural and Upconversion Fluorescence Properties of Er^3＋／Yb^3＋-Codoped Lead-Free Germanium-Bismuth Glass

We study the structural and infrared-to-visible upconversion fluorescence properties of Er^3 /yb^3 -codoped leadfree germanium-bismuth glass. The structure of lead-free germanium-bismuth-lanthanum glass is investigated by peak-deconvolution of F~aman spectroscopy. Intense green and red emissions centred at 525, 546, and 657nm,corresponding to the transitions ^2H11/2 → 4I15/2, ^4S3/2 → 4I15/2, and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2, respectively, are observed at room temperature. The quadratic dependence of the 525, 546, and 657nm emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under 975nm excitation.     

共沉淀法制备NaYF_4∶Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+)的上转换发光

通过共沉淀法制备Tm3+和Yb3+掺杂的NaYF4上转换发光材料。其中Tm3+和Yb3+的摩尔分数分别为0.01%,0.1%。在室温下测试了NaYF4∶Tm3+,Yb3+材料在300～1 100 nm的吸收光谱。利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)测试了合成材料的物相结构和微观形貌。结果表明:NaYF4∶Tm3+,Yb3+材料为六方相晶体,其颗粒大小约为50～60 nm,产物结晶良好,含有少量杂相。在798 nm近红外光激发下,测试了样品的上转换发光光谱。观察到了蓝、绿色上转换发光。讨论了上转换发光的可能机理,蓝光主要来源于Tm3+的激发态1G4到基态3H6的跃迁,绿光来源于Tm3+的1D2→3H5跃迁。     

Performance of a diode-pumped 5 W Nd3+:GdVO4 microchip laser at 1.06 μm

4 as a host for neodymium has several advantages for diode pumping in comparison with other crystals. The absorption cross section of neodymium in GdVO₄ is considerably stronger and broader than in YAG. This allows for the construction of very compact monolithical microchip lasers. In our paper, we report for the first time on a diode-pumped monolithical Nd³⁺([%at.]1.3):GdVO₄ microchip laser at 1.06 μm. A maximum output power of 5 W is achieved. The temporal and the spectral emission properties are described. The beam propagation properties are studied in detail. Received: 23 July 1998 / Revised version: 9 November 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999     

LiYF_4:Nd~(3+)的吸收光谱和它的子能级

生长了LiYF_4:Nd~(3+)单晶体,从吸收光谱测定了Nd~(3+)在LiYF_4中的斯塔克子能级的能量值,首次发现,在同种晶体中,由于相对应的晶轴长度的不同将使子能级的能量值稍有差异。同时,又根据Judd-Racah理论进行了计算。     

Preparation and Tunable Luminescence Properties of Tb(III)-Doped Zinc–Aluminum Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Tb3+-doped Zn–Al (Zn–Al–Tb) hydrotalcites with tunable blue-green emission synthesized by co-precipitation. The compositions and properties of...