钠离子电池用铁基正极材料的研究进展

气候变化和化石燃料枯竭等问题将促进新型绿色能源的开发和利用。因此,高效率、低成本、安全的储能系统,得到了越来越多的关注和研究。在各类储能系统中,二次电池是存储电能、为电子设备供电的最理想选择。目前,锂离子电池(LIBs)的应用最广泛。然而,地球上锂资源的短缺和分布不均造成的成本较高,急需研究和开发其他高性能的新型二次电池。钠元素具有地壳中储量丰富、均匀且与锂具有相似化学性质等优势,使得钠离子电池(SIBs)成为了取代LIBs最有前景的备选二次电池之一。然而,钠离子的体积较大、离子传导动力学更缓慢、导电性更差等问题,限制了SIBs高性能的实现,这是目前研究的难点和重点。此外,铁具有储量丰富、环境友好的特点,其在SIBs中的应用引起了电池领域科研工作者的广泛关注。因此,寻找良好的铁基正极材料成为SIBs高性能电极材料开发的一个重要研究方向。本综述对近年来SIBs铁基正极材料方面的研究进展进行了总结,并按照聚阴离子型化合物、过渡金属氧化物、普鲁士蓝及类似物和氟化物分类,进行了系统的阐述和分析。     

钠离子电池硫酸盐正极材料的研究进展

电化学储能设备已经成为现代社会不可分割的一部分.其中,锂离子电池(LIBs)的应用最为广泛.然而,地壳中锂资源短缺且分布不均匀,带来的较高成本和发展不均衡,急需研发其他高性能的二次电池.钠元素在地壳中储量均匀、丰富,并且具有与锂相似的化学性质,使得钠离子电池(SIBs)成为了代替LIBs最有应用前景的二次电池之一.SI...     

磷酸钒钠Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3电化学储能研究进展

锂离子电池在全球范围内的广泛应用加剧了对锂资源的消耗,其成本和原料将限制其未来发展。钠与锂具有相似物理化学性质,并且储量丰富。根据锂离子"摇椅式"电池原理,富钠离子化合物可类似富锂离子正极材料,提供可脱嵌的钠离子及结构。钠离子较锂离子大,其可逆脱嵌反应要求材料结构具有较大的容钠位与离子迁移通道。聚阴离子体磷酸钒钠Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3属于钠离子超导体(NASICON)材料,其NASICON结构骨架形成了稳定的容钠位,并且开放的三维离子迁移通道利于提高钠离子的扩散。Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3作为电池正极材料,具有理想的比容量、电压平台与循环稳定性,从而受到了广泛关注。本文首先介绍了Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3结构特点,其次结合团队已有的工作基础对Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3在钠离子电池、混合离子电池、水系电池,混合超级电容器等体系中的应用与反应机理进行了阐述;总结了基于Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3设计的复合材料与结构并探讨了Na_3V_2(PO_4)_3可能存在的问题与未来发展趋势。     

全固态钠离子电池硫系化合物电解质

全固态钠离子电池具有资源丰富、安全性高等优势,作为未来大规模储能的重要选择而成为近年来先进二次电池前沿研究热点。钠离子硫系化合物电解质室温离子电导率高、弹性模量高、容易冷压成型,能增强电极/电解质界面接触、减小界面阻抗、缓冲电极材料在充放电过程中的应力/应变,是全固态钠离子电池的研究重点。本文对钠离子硫系化合物固态电解质的结构及性质进行了总结,讨论了硫系化合物电解质的本征特性、与电极的界面稳定性,并介绍了硫系化合物全固态钠离子电池的研究现状,最后分析了硫系化合物电解质面临的挑战及今后的发展方向。     

钠离子电池工作原理及关键电极材料研究进展

由于钠资源价格低廉、分布广泛等优点,钠离子电池及其关键电极材料的研究近年来引起了广泛的关注.然而,与锂相比,钠的离子半径大得多,使其在储钠材料中的迁移速度过慢而严重地限制了钠离子电池倍率性能的提升和储钠容量的表达,而且钠元素具有更高的相对原子质量,也在理论上限制了钠离子电池的能量密度.因此,开发先进的、利于钠离子脱嵌的电极材料是开发高性能钠离子电池的关键.本文在钠离子电池工作原理的基础上,着重介绍了几类典型的关键电极材料,并对它们的研究进展进行了简要综述.     

金属硫化物在可充电电池中的研究进展

低成本、长寿命、高安全性、高性能且易于大规模生产的锂/钠离子电池已被证实为重要的二次储能设备。 电极材料对锂/钠电池性能与循环寿命影响极大,金属硫化物由于具有高比容量和低电势而极具潜力成为锂/钠离子电池负极材料。 在电化学循环过程中,由于金属硫化物容易产生穿梭效应和体积变化,从而电极材料结构被破坏,进一步导致电池容量衰退、稳定性降低。 本文总结了多种金属硫化物的微观结构调控策略,从三维空间构建到与其它材料的复合,增强了电极的导电性和减缓体积变化带来的负面影响,进而获得性能优异的金属硫化物负极材料。 通过对金属硫化物的结构与性能的讨论,对其研究前景进行了积极的展望。     

非水体系锂/钠离子电容器研究进展

将超级电容器和锂/钠离子电池进行"内部交叉",即在双电层电容器中加入锂/钠离子电池材料,或在锂/钠离子电池中添加以双电层储能的活性炭电极材料,将两者的优点有机结合于一体,构筑锂/钠离子混合电容器,已引起了广泛的研究和开发.本文对锂/钠离子电容器的工作原理、发展状况、瓶颈问题和改进方法进行了简要介绍,结合近几年的文献报道,按照电极材料的类别,重点对比评述了同一类电极材料的储锂/钠性能及对应的锂/钠离子电容器的主要研究结果.钠离子的半径较大,导致同一电极材料在有机钠盐电解液中的初始比容量和倍率性能低于其在有机锂盐电解液中的性能.通过开发具有大层间距、分级多孔、表面掺杂、3D结构或多组分复合结构来提高电容型多孔炭材料的比容量,以及构筑特殊形貌(纳米片/棒、同轴纳米电缆、核壳、海胆、中空等)、金属掺杂、二元或三元复合结构来提高储锂/钠电极材料的动力学特性,可弥补正负电极储能容量和动力学的差异,从而实现高的能量密度、功率密度和长循环稳定性.最后,本文还对锂/钠离子电容器的发展进行了总结和展望.     

无机钠离子电池固体电解质研究进展

地球上钠资源储量丰富、成本低廉,使得钠电池吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。传统的基于有机溶剂电解液体系的钠电池在安全方面存在不足。固态钠离子电池能够有效解决安全的问题,增加电池的安全性能。固态钠离子电池是一种很有前景的储能方式。钠离子固体电解质主要有Na-β-Al_2O_3、钠超离子导体(NASICON)、硫化物、聚合物以及硼氢化物这几类。无机固体电解质相对于聚合物固体电解质,离子电导率有优势。本文总结了三种常见的无机钠离子固体电解质:Na-β-Al_2O_3、NASICON、硫化物的研究进展,从离子电导率和界面稳定性等方面阐述了近年来的发展。     

水系钠离子电池电极材料研究进展

随着太阳能、风能等可再生能源发电并网普及应用和智能电网建设,储能技术成为能源优化利用的核心技术之一。水系钠离子电池具有资源丰富、价格低廉等优势,作为未来电网储能的重要选择而成为近年来电化学储能技术前沿的研究热点。由于受到水的热力学电化学窗口限制及嵌钠反应的特殊性(例如溶液的pH值、氧的溶解等),以及容量、电化学电位、适应性及催化效应等,电极材料选择面临挑战,进而影响水系钠离子电池的应用。因此,电极材料成为水系钠离子电池的研究重点。本文简要概括了水系钠离子电池的特点,并对氧化物、聚阴离子化合物、普鲁士蓝类似物和有机物等电极材料体系的最新研究进展进行了总结,并概括了将来的发展方向,为推动水系钠离子电池的发展和能源优化研究奠定了基础。     

二次电池研究进展

能源的存储和利用是当今科学和技术发展中的重大课题之一,尤其是作为高效的电能/化学能转化装置的二次电池相关技术一直是科学家研究的热点领域。在此背景下,本文较为系统地介绍目前二次电池的重要研究进展,将从二次电池的发展历史引入,再到其相关的基础理论知识的介绍。随后较为详细地讨论当前不同体系的二次电池及相关应的关键材料的研究进展,涉及到锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池、镁离子电池、锌离子电池、钙离子电池、铝离子电池、氟离子电池、氯离子电池、双离子电池、锂-硫(硒)电池、钠-硫(硒)电池、钾-硫(硒)电池、多价金属-硫基电池、锂-氧电池、钠-氧电池、钾-氧电池、多价金属-氧气电池、锂-溴(碘)电池、水系金属离子电池、光辅助电池、柔性电池、有机电池、金属-二氧化碳电池等。此外,也介绍了电池研究中常见的电极反应过程表征技术,包括冷冻电镜、透射电镜、同步辐射、原位谱学表征、磁性表征等。本文将有助于研究人员对二次电池进行全面系统的了解与把握,并为之后二次电池的研究提供很好的指导作用。     

A High-Energy NASICON-Type Na3.2MnTi0.8V0.2(PO4)3 Cathode Material with Reversible 3.2-Electron Redox Reaction for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Na superionic conductor (NASICON) structured cathode materials with robust structural stability and large Na⁺ diffusion channels have aroused great interest in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, most of NASICON-type cathode materials exhibit redox reaction of no more than three electrons per formula, which strictly limits capacity and energy density. Herein, a series of NASICON-type Na_3+xMnTi_1−xV_x(PO₄)₃ cathode materials are designed, which demonstrate not only a multi-electron reaction but also high voltage platform. With five redox couples from V^5+/4+ (≈4.1 V), Mn^4+/3+ (≈4.0 V), Mn^3+/2+ (≈3.6 V), V^4+/3+ (≈3.4 V), and Ti^4+/3+ (≈2.1 V), the optimized material, Na_3.2MnTi_0.8V_0.2(PO₄)₃, realizes a reversible 3.2-electron redox reaction, enabling a high discharge capacity (172.5 mAh g⁻¹) and an ultrahigh energy density (527.2 Wh kg⁻¹). This work sheds light on the rational construction of NASICON-type cathode materials with multi-electron redox reaction for high-energy SIBs.     

钠离子电池电极材料研究进展

室温钠离子电池由于原料丰富,分布广泛,价格低廉,引起了人们的研究兴趣。然而,由于钠离子相对于锂离子较重且半径较大,这会限制钠离子在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌过程,从而影响电池的电化学性能。因此研发先进的电极材料成为钠离子电池实用化的关键。本文中我们主要介绍了几种典型的钠离子电池电极材料,并对其最新的研究进展进行了简要综述,将为钠离子电池新型电极材料的研究提供基础。     

钠离子电池电极材料研究进展

室温钠离子电池由于原料丰富,分布广泛,价格低廉,引起了人们的研究兴趣。然而,由于钠离子相对于锂离子较重且半径较大,这会限制钠离子在电极材料中的可逆脱嵌过程,从而影响电池的电化学性能。因此研发先进的电极材料成为钠离子电池实用化的关键。本文中我们主要介绍了几种典型的钠离子电池电极材料,并对其最新的研究进展进行了简要综述,将为钠离子电池新型电极材料的研究提供基础。     

Active material and interphase structures governing performance in sodium and potassium ion batteries

Development of energy storage systems is a topic of broad societal and economic relevance, and lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most advanced electrochemical energy storage systems. However, concerns on the scarcity of lithium sources and consequently the expected price increase have driven the development of alternative energy storage systems beyond LIBs. In the search for sustainable and cost-effective technologies, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted considerable attention. Here, a comprehensive review of ongoing studies on electrode materials for SIBs and PIBs is provided in comparison to those for LIBs, which include layered oxides, polyanion compounds and Prussian blue analogues for positive electrode materials, and carbon-based and alloy materials for negative electrode materials. The importance of the crystal structure for electrode materials is discussed with an emphasis placed on intrinsic and dynamic structural properties and electrochemistry associated with alkali metal ions. The key challenges for electrode materials as well as the interface/interphase between the electrolyte and electrode materials, and the corresponding strategies are also examined. The discussion and insights presented in this review can serve as a guide regarding where future investigations of SIBs and PIBs will be directed.

The importance of the active material structure and the interface/interphase between the electrode and electrolyte in enhancing the electrochemical performance of sodium and potassium ion batteries.     

一种新型的碳复合钼掺杂的钒氧化物纳米线钠离子电池正极材料

近年来,由于锂资源逐渐紧缺而导致其成本增加,锂离子电池发展受到了限制. 作为一个有潜力的替代者,有着相似电化学机制且成本较低的钠离子电池则发展迅速. 但由于钠离子与锂离子相较有着更大半径,在钠离子脱嵌过程中,对大多数电极材料的晶体结构破坏严重. 因此,开发新型电极材料对钠离子电池的进一步发展尤为重要. 其中,层状钒氧化物作为正极材料被广泛研究. 在这项工作中,作者基于钒氧化物,引入钼元素并与碳复合,首次设计合成了一种新型的碳复合钼掺杂的钒氧化物纳米线电极材料,并获得了优良的电化学性能（在50 mA•g^-1的电流密度下,最高放电比容量达135.9 mAh•g^-1,并在循环75次后仍有82.6mAh•g^-1的可逆容量,容量保持率高达71.8%;在1000mA•g^-1的高电流密度下循环并回到50mA•g^-1后,可逆放电比容量仍能回复至111.5mAh•g^-1）. 本工作的研究结果证明,这种具有超大层间距的新型碳复合钼掺杂的钒氧化物纳米线是一种非常有潜力的储钠材料,并且我们的工作为钠离子电池的进一步发展提供了一定的理论基础.     

基于聚碳酸丙烯酯基聚合物电解质和有机正极的全固态钠电池

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising candidates to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to meet the emergent requirements of various commercial applications. SIBs and LIBs are similar in many aspects, including their reduction potentials, approximate energy densities, and ionic semidiameters. Analogously, safety issues, including liquid leakage, high flammability, and explosiveness limit the usage of SIBs. All-solid-state batteries have the potential to solve the aforementioned problems. However, polycarbonates as promising solid electrolytes have been rarely exploited in all-solid-state SIBs. In addition, organic electrode materials, including non-conjugated redox polymers, carbonyl compounds, organosulfur compounds, and layered compounds, have been intensively investigated as part of various energy storage systems owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness, high energy density, and structural diversity. Nevertheless, the dissolution of small organic compounds in organic-liquid electrolytes has hindered its further applications. Fortunately, the utilization of solid polymer electrolytes combined with organic electrode materials is a promising method to prevent dissolution into the electrolyte and improve the cycling performance of SIBs. Thus, we proposed the utilization of a poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)-based solid polymer electrolyte and cellulose nonwoven with a 3, 4, 9, 10-perylene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride (PTCDA) cathode in an all-solid-state sodium battery (ASSS). The solid electrolyte significantly enhanced the safety of the SIB and was successfully synthesized via a facile method. The morphology of the as-prepared solid electrolyte was examined by electron scanning microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the PTCDA/Na battery with organic-liquid and solid electrolytes at room temperature were compared. The SEM results demonstrated that the solid polymer electrolyte and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) were evenly distributed inside the pores of the nonwoven cellulose. The ionic conductivity of the composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) at room temperature was 3.01 × 10^-5 S·cm^-1, suggesting that the CSPE was a promising candidate for commercial applications. In addition, the ASSS showed significantly improved cycling performance at a current density of 50 mAh·g^-1 with a high capacity retention of 99.1%, whereas the discharge capacity of the liquid PTCDA/Na battery was only 24.6mAh·g^-1 after 50 cycles. This indicated that the cycling performance of the PTCDA cathode in the SIB was largely improved by preventing the dissolution of the PTCDA cathode material in the electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated that the CSPE was compatible with the organic cathode electrode.     

Research progress on Na3V2(PO4)2F3-based cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received significant attention in large-scale energy storage due to their low cost and abundant resources. To obtain high-performance SIBs, many intensive studies about electrode materials have been carried out, especially the cathode material. As various types of cathode material for SIBs, a 3D open framework structural Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃ (NVPF) with Na superionic conductor (NASICON) structure is a promising cathode material owing to its high operating potential and high energy density. However, its electrochemical properties are severely limited by the poor electronic conductivity due to the insulated [PO₄] tetrahedral unit. In this review, the challenges and strategies for NVPF are presented, and the synthetic strategy for NVPF is also analyzed in detail. Furthermore, recent developments of modification research to enhance their electrochemical performance are discussed, including designing the crystal structure, adjusting the electrode structure, and optimizing the electrolyte components. Finally, further research and application for future development of NVPF are prospected.     

A Biodegradable Polydopamine‐Derived Electrode Material for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Polydopamine (PDA), which is biodegradable and is derived from naturally occurring products, can be employed as an electrode material, wherein controllable partial oxidization plays a key role in balancing the proportion of redox‐active carbonyl groups and the structural stability and conductivity. Unexpectedly, the optimized PDA derivative endows lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) or sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with superior electrochemical performances, including high capacities (1818 mAh g^?1 for LIBs and 500 mAh g^?1 for SIBs) and good stable cyclabilities (93 % capacity retention after 580 cycles for LIBs; 100 % capacity retention after 1024 cycles for SIBs), which are much better than those of their counterparts with conventional binders.     

Carbonyl-rich Poly(pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone Sulfide) as Anode Materials for High-Performance Li and Na-Ion Batteries

Organic carbonyl electrode materials are widely employed for alkali metal-ion secondary batteries in terms of their sustainability, structure designability and abundant resources. As a typical redox-active organic electrode materials, pyrene-4, 5, 9, 10-tetraone (PT) shows high theoretical capacity due to the rich carbonyl active sites. But its electrochemical behavior in secondary batteries still needs further exploration. Herein, PT-based linear polymers (PPTS) is synthesized with thioether bond as bridging group and then employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). As expected, PPTS shows improved conductivity and insolubility in the non-aqueous electrolyte. When used as an anode material for LIBs, PPTS delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 697.1 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and good rate performance (335.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹). Moreover, a reversible specific capacity of 205.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.05 A g⁻¹ could be obtained as an anode material for SIBs.