铜卟啉金属有机框架材料用于高性能锂硫电池

利用卟啉配体与金属离子的配位特性,通过后修饰将铜离子与卟啉基金属有机框架材料(PCN-222)配位,得到铜卟啉金属有机框架材料(PCN-222-Cu),并首次用于锂硫电池。借助紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、N_2吸附-脱附测试、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)和恒电流充放电测试等表征手段对材料的晶相结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了系统的研究。其中UV-Vis结果表明,Cu~(2+)与卟啉环成功配位。电化学测试结果表明,负载硫的PCN-222-Cu(S-in-PCN-222-Cu)电极在1C的倍率下循环300周后可逆比容量为840 mAh·g~(-1)。当倍率提高到3C时,循环800周后的容量仍保持430 mAh·g~(-1),每周容量衰减率为0.042%。S-in-PCN-222-Cu电极的电化学性能远优于S-in-PCN-222,说明配体上的Cu~(2+)与卟啉环的协同作用能有效降低电化学极化,从而显著提升卟啉基金属有机框架材料用作硫载体的电化学性能和循环稳定性。     

黄麻基碳纤维/MnO/C锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

利用黄麻碳化后的纤维和吡咯单体作为还原剂,高锰酸钾作为氧化剂,通过原位氧化还原反应法合成了碳纤维/MnO/C一维复合物。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示,MnO/C纳米颗粒分布在碳纤维的外壁上,MnO被包裹在由聚吡咯碳化而来的碳中,MnO/C纳米颗粒大小为50~150 nm。将制备的产物作为锂离子电池负极材料进行充放电测试,结果表明当电流密度为100mA·g~(-1)时,循环50次后仍具有410 mAh·g~(-1)的比容量,同时也展现了良好的倍率性能。     

金属卟啉化学共价和非共价修饰多壁碳纳米管

合成了5-(4-羟基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉锌配合物,与活化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)发生酯化反应,从而得到金属卟啉有机共价化学修饰的多壁碳纳米管复合物;利用金属卟啉环上的π电子与多壁碳纳米管管壁上的π电子通过π-π堆积效应,得到金属卟啉有机非共价修饰的多壁碳纳米管复合物.通过透射电镜(TEM)考察了金属卟啉-多壁碳纳米管复合物的形貌特征;通过红外光谱对产物的化学结构进行了表征;通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱和热失重分析(TGA)对比分析了两类复合物,发现非共价修饰的金属卟啉-碳纳米管复合物的荧光淬灭率更高,非共价修饰的金属卟啉-碳纳米管复合物中卟啉的含量比较高.     

碳包覆纳米SnSb合金作为高性能钠离子电池负极材料

采用喷雾热解法合成了碳包覆的SnSb/C合金复合材料,利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对产物的物相和形貌进行了表征,其中SnSb/C颗粒为10 nm左右的复合材料(10-SnSb/C)作为钠离子电池负极时,表现出优异的循环和倍率性能。首圈放电达到722.1m Ah·g~(-1),首圈库仑效率86.3%,在100、1000、3000 m A·g~(-1)下比容量分别为607.7、645.4、452.2 m Ah·g~(-1),在1000 m A·g~(-1)电流下循环200周后可逆容量达到623 m Ah·g~(-1),容量保持率为95%。SnSb/C复合材料出色的储钠性能源于其完全被碳包裹的纳米结构,该结构可以有效提高活性物质的利用率,促进电子、离子的传导,并且抑制纳米粒子在长循环过程中的粉化和团聚。     

金属卟啉有机共价和非共价修饰多壁碳纳米管

合成了5-(4-羟基苯基)-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉锌配合物, 与活化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)发生酯化反应, 从而得到金属卟啉有机共价化学修饰的多壁碳纳米管复合物; 利用金属卟啉环上的π电子与多壁碳纳米管管壁上的π电子通过π-π堆积效应, 得到金属卟啉有机非共价修饰的多壁碳纳米管复合物. 通过透射电镜(TEM)考察了金属卟啉-多壁碳纳米管复合物的形貌特征; 通过红外光谱对产物的化学结构进行了表征; 通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱和热失重分析(TGA)对比分析了两类复合物, 发现非共价修饰的金属卟啉-碳纳米管复合物的荧光淬灭率更高, 非共价修饰的金属卟啉-碳纳米管复合物中卟啉的含量比较高.     

羟基化多壁碳纳米管三明治隔膜对锂硫电池电化学性能的改善

先利用羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-OH)与纸纤维制备了复合纤维纸(MWCNTs-OHP),然后将该复合纤维纸夹在两层PP隔膜之间组装三明治结构隔膜(PP@MWCNTs-OHP@PP)并应用于锂硫电池.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱和元素能谱分析(EDS)等对材料进行结构和性能表征.电化学测试结果表明,PP@MWCNTs-OHP@PP三明治隔膜有效提高了锂硫电池的性能.在0.1C倍率下,电池首次放电比容量达到1532 m A·h/g,活性物质的利用率达到91.5%.在1C倍率下充放电循环500周后,放电比容量依然维持516 m A·h/g,每周循环衰减率为0.028%,库仑效率保持在96.4%以上.充放电倍率从3C减小到0.1C后,放电比容量从336 m A·h/g恢复到820 m A·h/g,显示出极佳的倍率性能.     

基于水凝胶衍生的硅/碳纳米管/石墨烯纳米复合材料及储锂性能

通过氧化石墨烯(GO)和壳聚糖(Cs)之间的氢键以及静电作用形成GO水凝胶,从而将纳米硅颗粒和碳纳米管(CNT)原位包封于其中,再经冷冻干燥及随后的热处理制得三维硅/碳纳米管/石墨烯(Si-CNT@G)纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)等技术对制得样品的物相、结构和微观形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,所得复合材料在CNT纵横交织的石墨烯网络中,均匀地分布着纳米硅颗粒。当作为锂离子电池的负极材料时,在两种碳介质的协同作用下,有效缓冲硅材料在充放电过程中脱/嵌锂引起的体积变化,缩短了锂离子和电子传输的距离,Si-CNT@G复合材料表现出较好的循环稳定性以及倍率性能。在500 m A·g~(-1)的充放电电流密度下,经过200圈循环后,其放电比容量仍高达673.7 m Ah·g~(-1),容量保持率高达97%;即使将充放电电流密度升至2000 m A·g~(-1)时,该复合材料仍保持有566.9 m Ah·g~(-1)的高可逆放电比容量。独特的制备方法和优越的储锂性能,使得Si-CNT@G纳米复合材料成为理想的高性能锂离子电池负极材料的候选.     

CuO表面修饰锐钛矿TiO2纳米管阵列及其电化学嵌锂性能

以(CH_2OH)_2、NH4F和HCl为电解液,纯Ti片、CuCl_2和Na NO3为主要原料,联用阳极氧化和水热法制备CuO表面修饰锐钛矿TiO_2纳米管阵列锂离子电池负极材料(CuO/TiO_2)。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD),研究样品的形貌特征、元素分布、价态和微观物相组成。利用电池充放电测试仪和电化学工作站,探讨材料的电化学嵌锂性能。结果表明,表面修饰后的锐钛矿TiO_2纳米管阵列外侧出现了大量绒毛状纳米CuO,单个绒毛结构的宽度约4 nm,长度约10 nm。在0.3C的电流密度下进行恒电流充放电测试,首次放电容量为550 m Ah·g~(-1),充电容量为490 m Ah·g~(-1)。50次循环后,可逆电流容量仍保持在320 m Ah·g~(-1),具有良好的循环稳定性和电化学特性。     

多壁碳纳米管-氮化钒空心球复合材料作为高效硫载体用于锂硫电池

以多壁碳纳米管/氮化钒复合材料(MWCNT-VN)作为锂硫电池正极载体材料,利用VN的空心结构储存硫和限制多硫化物的穿梭效应。另外,MWCNT形成了一个导电网络,进一步提升了正极的导电性能。在1C的电流密度下,VN/S电极与MWCNT-VN/S电极的初始放电比容量分别为702.2和809.3 mAh·g~(-1),经过350圈循环后,每圈衰减量均小于0.1%。与单纯VN/S相比,所得MWCNT-VN复合材料的电化学性能均有提升,如较高的锂离子迁移率、稳定的倍率性能和长循环稳定性。     

金属有机框架衍生的高性能锂离子电池负极Co3O4/C复合材料

为克服Co_3O_4负极材料导电率低、循环稳定性差的缺点,选择Co_2(NDC)_2DMF_2(NDC=1,4-萘二甲酸根)为前驱体采用两步煅烧工艺,制备了具有高碳含量的Co_3O_4/C复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和拉曼光谱对样品进行了表征。采用热重分析法(TGA)测定了Co_3O_4/C中非晶态碳的含量。作为锂离子电池的负极材料,Co_3O_4/C具有高的可逆比容量、优异的循环性能(在200 m A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,循环200圈后放电比容量稳定保持在1 000 mAh·g~(-1))和良好的倍率性能(在100、200、500、1 000和2 000 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下,放电比容量为分别1 076.3、976.2、872.9、783.6和670.1 mAh·g~(-1))。材料优异的电化学性能归结为有机配体衍生的高含量非晶态碳的导电和缓冲作用有利于电子的快速传递并有效减缓了金属氧化物充放电过程中的体积膨胀。     

石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

石墨炔-有机共轭分子复合材料的制备及其储锂性能

发展了基于超分子化学的新方法实现了对石墨炔的原位氮掺杂,通过利用石墨炔与有机共轭分子间强的π–π作用,原位制备了石墨炔/卟吩复合材料薄膜,并用作锂离子电池的负极材料,其比容量增加到了1000 mAh∙g⁻¹,该复合材料表现出优良的倍率性能和循环稳定性,为可控制备掺氮石墨炔复合材料提供了新的思路。     

Al_2O_3包覆对Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料高温储钠性能的改善

Na_(0.44)MnO_2具有特殊的三维隧道结构和良好的化学稳定性,是一种理想的钠离子电池正极材料。本文研究了Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料的高温电化学性能,采用液相法对Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料进行Al_2O_3包覆改性,并通过电化学、形貌分析、结构分析、化学成分表征等方法研究Al_2O_3包覆的改性机制。结果表明:Al_2O_3包覆层有效地隔离了Na_(0.44)MnO_2与电解液的直接接触,缓解了高温下锰的溶解,从而维持了稳定的电极/溶液界面结构。Na_(0.44)MnO_2@Al_2O_3在55°C下的电化学性能相比未包覆Na_(0.44)MnO_2有显著提升:循环100次后容量保持率达79.2%,远高于未包覆的66.5%;在10C (1C=120 mAh·g~(-1))的大电流密度下放电比容量达到63.6 mAh·g~(-1),而未包覆的仅有12.3 mAh·g~(-1)。     

担载纳米硅的锂-碳复合微球作为锂二次电池负极

金属锂由于其极高的理论比容量(3860mAh·g~(-1),2061mAh·cm~(-3))和低的还原电势(相对于标准氢电极(SHE)为-3.04 V)等特点,成为了高能量密度锂电池负极材料的极佳选择之一。从上个世纪七十年代开始,科研工作者便开始了金属锂负极的研究,然而,由于金属锂与电解液反应严重,镀锂过程体积膨胀大,且在循环中易生成枝晶,以金属锂为负极的电池循环稳定性差,而且容易短路从而带来安全隐患。因此金属锂做为锂电池负极的商业化推广最终没有成功。在本工作中,我们在前期设计的锂-碳纳米管复合微球(Li-CNT)中引入了纳米硅颗粒制备了硅颗粒担载的锂-碳复合球(LiCNT-Si)。实验发现,纳米硅颗粒的加入不仅提高了锂-碳复合微球的载锂量(10%(质量百分含量)的硅添加量使得比容量从2000 mAh·g~(-1)提高到2600 mAh·g~(-1)),降低了锂的沉积/溶解过电势,有利于引导锂离子回到复合微球内部沉积,大大提高了材料的循环稳定性。同时,担载了纳米硅颗粒的锂-碳复合球也继承了锂-碳复合微球循环过程中体积膨胀小,不长枝晶的优点。而且添加的纳米硅颗粒还填充了Li-CNT微球中的孔隙,减少了电解液渗入复合微球内部腐蚀里面的金属锂,进一步提高了材料的库仑效率。以添加10%硅的锂碳复合材料作为负极,与商用磷酸铁锂正极组成全电池,在常规酯类电解液中1C (0.7 mA·cm~(-2))条件下能稳定循环900圈以上,库仑效率为96.7%,大大高于同样条件下测得的Li-CNT复合材料(90.1%)和金属锂片(79.3%)的库仑效率。因此,这种通过简单的熔融浸渍法即可制备的,具有高的比容量和长的循环稳定性的锂硅-碳复合材料具有较大的潜能成为高能量密度电池的负极材料,尤其适用于锂硫、锂氧这种正极不含锂源的电池体系。     

Na_(0.44)MnO_2在碱性溶液中的电化学机制

Na_(0.44)MnO_2具有原料丰富、合成简单、无毒环境友好、结构稳定性高等优势,适合作为水溶液钠离子电池的正极材料。Na_(0.44)MnO_2在中性水溶液中的比容量较低(30–40m Ah·g~(-1)),而采用碱性电解液可大大提高Na_(0.44)MnO_2的可逆比容量(80 m Ah·g~(-1))。当我们扩宽碱性电池的充放电窗口(1.95–0.3V)时,在1.0V(vsZn/Zn~(2+))附近出现一个宽的放电平台,且首周放电比容量高达275 m Ah·g~(-1),远远超出其理论嵌钠容量(121 m Ah·g~(-1))。本文我们通过对不同放电深度下的电极进行X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)表征,研究其超额容量的放电机理。结果表明1.0 V以下的低电位放电过程可分为两个阶段:第一阶段为H+在隧道结构中的嵌入,此时隧道结构保持不变,放电曲线上表现为平台区;第二阶段为过量H+的嵌入引起隧道结构破坏,同时伴随着Mn(OH)_2相的生成和Na+从结构中释放出来,放电曲线上表现为斜坡区。这一研究结果表明Na_(0.44)MnO_2在碱液中的可逆性与下限电位紧密相关,高稳定的Na_(0.44)MnO_2材料需要避免H+的嵌入。     

基于一体化正极与电解质膜的高性能固态电池

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming the most popular energy storage systems in our society. However, frequently occurring accidents of electrical cars powered by LIBs have caused increased safety concern regarding LIBs. Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are believed to be the most promising next generation energy storage system due to their better in-built safety mechanisms than LIBs using flammable organic liquid electrolyte. However, constructing the ionic conducting path in SSLBs is challenging due to the slow ionic diffusion of Li ion in solid-state electrolyte, particularly in the case of solid-solid contact between the solid materials. In this paper, we demonstrate the construction of an integrated electrolyte and cathode for use in SSLBs. An integrated electrolyte and cathode membrane is obtained via simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrolyte and a LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathode material respectively, for the cathode layer, followed by the electrospinning of PAN to prepare the electrolyte layer. The resultant integrated PAN-LFP membrane is flexible. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement results show that the electrode and electrolyte are in close contact with each other. After the integrated PAN-LFP membrane is filled with a succinonitrile-bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide (SN-LiTFSI) salt mixture, it is paired with a lithium foil metal anode electrode, and the resultant solid-state Li|PAN-LFP cell exhibits limited polarization and outstanding interfacial stability during long term cycling. That is, the Li|PAN-LFP cell presents a specific capacity of 160.8 mAh∙g⁻¹ at 0.1C, and 81% of the initial capacity is maintained after 500 cycles at 0.2C. The solid-state Li|PAN-LFP cell also exhibits excellent resilience in destructive tests such as cell bending and cutting.     

石墨炔在电化学储能器件中的应用

当今社会,电化学储能器件在人类的社会活动中变得越来越重要。电极材料作为电化学储能器件的核心部分,一直是人们研究的焦点。石墨炔是一种新型的二维平面结构的全碳材料,它宽的层间距、大的比表面积、独特的三维孔隙结构和好的导电性使其在能源存储器件电极材料应用中具有巨大的潜力。基于石墨炔温和的制备方法与独特的结构特征,本文详细介绍了近年来石墨炔在储能方面的理论分析和实验进展。通过研究锂/钠在单层、多层石墨炔上的迁移率和存储,理论分析石墨炔基电池具有很好的储锂储钠性能。实验方面,石墨炔作为电极材料在储钠储锂方面的容量与理论值相近。此外石墨炔作为电极材料成功应用于超级电容器和金属-硫电池,并表现出了优异的容量存储性能。石墨炔纳米形貌的调控、石墨炔的热处理,以及异原子的掺杂等均可以有效地提高石墨炔在这些储能器件中的性能。     

基于三维多孔活性炭构筑安全、高性能以及长循环寿命的锌离子混合电容器

可充电水系锌离子电池因成本低、环境友好等优点,已经成为目前电化学储能领域的研究热点之一。然而锌离子电池中高容量、长循环寿命的阴极材料的开发仍然是一大难题。为了解决这一问题,本文中通过直接利用锌片做阳极和集流体,采用高比表面积的三维多孔活性炭(3DAC)做阴极构筑了一种锌离子混合电容器(ZIHC)。该ZIHC器件表现出了优异的电化学性能,具有目前文献报道的ZIHC最高的213 mAh·g~(-1)比容量,展示出164Wh·kg~(-1)的高能量密度和9.3kW·kg~(-1)的高功率密度以及优异的循环稳定性(10 A·g~(-1)下循环20000圈之后,容量保持率为90%,库伦效率接近100%)。我们认为这种采用高比表、三维多孔活性炭(3DAC)做阴极构筑的安全、高性能以及长寿命的水系锌离子混合电容器将为下一代高性能储能器件的开发提供新的研究思路。     

不可燃氟代碳酸酯基钠离子电池电解液

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in cellphones, laptops, and electric cars owing to their high energy density and long operational lifetime. However, their further deployment in large-scale energy storage systems is restricted by the uneven distribution of lithium resources (~0.0017% (mass fraction, w) in the Earth's crust). Therefore, alternative energy storage systems composed of abundant elements are of urgent need. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention and are considered to be a potential alternative for next-generation batteries owing to abundant sodium resources (~2.64% (w) of the Earth's crust), suitable potential (−2.71 V), and low cost. SIBs are similar to LIBs in terms of their physical and electrochemical properties. Previous studies have mainly focused on SIB storage materials, including hard carbon, alloys, and hexacyanoferrate, while the safety of SIBs remains largely unexplored. Similar to LIBs, the current electrolytes used in SIBs are mainly composed of flammable organic carbonate solvents (or ether solvents), sodium salts, and functional additives, which pose possible safety issues. Moreover, the chemical activity of sodium is much higher than that of lithium, leading to a higher risk of fire, thermal runaway, and explosion. To overcome this problem, herein we propose a fluorinated non-flammable electrolyte composed of 0.9 mol∙L⁻¹ NaPF₆ (sodium hexafluorophosphate) in an intermixture of di-(2, 2, 2 trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in a 7 : 3 ratio by volume. Its physical and electrochemical properties were studied by ionic conductivity, direct ignition, cyclic voltammetry, and charge/discharge measurements, demonstrating excellent flame-retarding ability and outstanding compatibility with sodium electrodes. The electrochemical tests showed that the Prussian blue cathode retained a capacity of 84 mAh∙g⁻¹ over 50 cycles in the prepared electrolyte, in contrast to the rapid capacity degradation in a flammable conventional carbonate electrolyte (74 mAh∙g⁻¹ with 57% capacity retention after 50 cycles). To test the practical application of the proposed electrolyte, a hard carbon anode was used and exhibited exceptional performance in this system. The enhancement mechanism was further verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning emission microscopy (SEM) investigations. Polycarbonate on the surface of the cathode played an important role for the studied electrolyte system. The polycarbonate may originate from FEC decomposition, which can enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and reduce impedance. Hence, we believe that this proposed electrolyte may provide new opportunities for the design of robust and safe SIBs for next-generation applications.     

超级电容器用相互连接的类石墨烯纳米片

采用氧化镁模板耦合原位氢氧化钾活化法制备了超级电容器用煤焦油基相互连接的类石墨烯纳米片(IGNSs)。所制备的IGNS具有高达2887 m~2·g~(-1)的比表面积和大量的分级短孔。当作为超级电容器的电极材料时,在6 mol·L~(-1) KOH电解液中,于0.05 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,IGNS显示出313 F·g~(-1)的高比容;在20 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,IGNS的比电容为261F·g~(-1),显示了好的倍率性能;经过10000次循环测试后,其容量保持率为92.7%,展现了优异的循环稳定性。这一工作为从芳烃分子大规模生产高性能储能用类石墨烯纳米片提供了一种简单的方法。