单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法表征纳米抗菌商品中纳米银颗粒粒径分布

建立了单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Single particle ICP-MS,SP-ICP-MS)测定纳米抗菌商品中纳米银颗粒(Silver nanoparticles,AgNPs)粒度分布的方法。首先采用微波消解-ICP-MS法测定了纳米抗菌商品中的总银含量,确定样品稀释倍数。然后在SP-ICP-MS模式下,测定3种AgNPs标准样品(30、50和80nm)的粒径,所得结果与供应商提供的TEM值接近,说明SP-ICP-MS法能够准确表征水溶液中AgNPs的粒径分布,同时采用SP-ICP-MS测定了纳米抗菌商品中纳米银颗粒粒径分布。方法简单快速、灵敏度高,能够为纳米抗菌材料中AgNPs表征提供准确的表征方法。     

超声提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法测定牙膏中纳米银颗粒

建立了超声提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, SP-ICP-MS)同时测定牙膏中纳米银颗粒(AgNPs)的粒径分布、数量浓度和质量浓度的方法。以0.1%Tx-100超声提取牙膏中的AgNPs,在SP-ICP-MS模式下测定牙膏中AgNPs的粒径分布、数量浓度和质量浓度,考察了方法的最佳提取时间、准确性和检出限。实验结果表明:最佳提取时间为10 min,采用SP-ICP-MS法测定不同粒径的AgNPs标准品,测定结果与标准值一致;方法的粒径检出限、数量浓度检出限和质量浓度检出限分别为23 nm、3.9×10⁸ particles/kg和26 ng/kg;在牙膏样品的加标回收实验中,纳米颗粒回收率在86.6%～93.8%之间。本方法简单、快速,为牙膏中AgNPs的测定提供了准确的方法。     

纳米银的单颗粒-电感耦合等离子质谱法表征及其测定

建立单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法( SP-ICP-MS)测定稀溶液中纳米银颗粒粒度分布及纳米银颗粒数量浓度的方法。当停留时间为3 ms时,两个或多个纳米银颗粒同时进入检测器的可能性降至最低。采用5倍标准偏差迭代算法(5σ)区分纳米银颗粒信号和背景信号。采用SP-ICP-MS法测定3种商品级纳米银颗粒(30,50和100 nm)粒度分布和纳米颗粒浓度。结果表明：SP-ICP-MS法测定纳米银颗粒结果与纳米银的TEM值相近,可采用SP-ICP-MS法表征纳米银颗粒。本方法测定稀溶液中纳米银颗粒粒度检出限为25 nm,纳米银颗粒浓度检出限约为8×104个/L。将纳米银颗粒加入到自来水样品中并进行测定,获得相近的纳米银粒度分布及纳米颗粒浓度。本方法简单、快捷、灵敏度高,可为研究水环境中纳米银的风险评估提供可靠分析方法,并为饮用水中纳米银的监测提供分析技术。     

基于单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定环境基质水样中纳米银颗粒

采用单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法(SP-ICP-MS)同时测定环境水样中纳米银颗粒(AgNPs)的颗粒浓度、质量浓度和粒径分布,并考察了溶液的pH值、溶解性有机质(DOM)浓度以及离子强度等对AgNPs测定的影响。结果表明:SP-ICP-MS方法对60 nm AgNPs标准溶液的测定结果与标准值一致,准确性较好;pH值(5.0～7.0)、离子强度(≤1 mmol/L)和DOM浓度(≤30 mg/L)对测定结果影响较小;当溶液的pH值≤5.0或离子强度1 mmol/L时,AgNPs的颗粒浓度和粒径随pH值的下降或离子强度的增强而减小。采用SP-ICP-MS方法测定河水、染料废水、养殖废水3种水样中AgNPs的加标回收率分别为98.1%、83.3%和93.3%,表明该方法在合适的基质条件下可用于快速准确测定环境水样中AgNPs的颗粒浓度、质量浓度和粒径分布。     

单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海水中银纳米颗粒

建立了单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(SP-ICP-MS)量化与表征海水中银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)的方法。筛选了SP-ICP-MS检测海水中AgNPs时的最优驻留时间,通过探究海水基质对AgNPs检测的影响,确定了海水样品稀释倍数,并利用本方法对大连市近岸海域3个站位表层海水样品中的AgNPs进行测定。结果表明,仪器最优驻留时间为100μs, 150倍稀释海水样品可提高AgNPs浓度的测定准确度。本方法测定海水中AgNPs数量浓度检出限为9.75×10³ particles/mL,粒径检出限为12 nm,标称粒径50和100 nm AgNPs的平均加标回收率均大于70%。大连市近岸海域3个站位表层海水样品中均检测出AgNPs,数量浓度最大值为(2.1±0.004)×10⁶ particles/mL,最小值为(1.1±0.01)×10⁵ particles/mL,粒径分布在18～200 nm之间。本方法具有样品制备简单、分析速度快、颗粒物数量浓度检出限低等优点,为近岸海水中AgNPs的监测分析提供了可靠的分析方法。     

基于单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法评价聚乙烯抗菌食品包装材料中纳米银颗粒的释放

基于单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(SP-ICP-MS)研究了4种市售聚乙烯抗菌食品包装材料中纳米银(AgNPs)的释放行为。采用迭代算法对样品中银离子(Ag⁺)和AgNPs信号进行区分,考察了不同的食品模拟介质(水、 10%(V/V)乙醇、 3%(V/V)乙酸)、环境温度和放置时间等条件对银释放量的影响。结果表明,4种抗菌食品包装材料中总银含量为1.5～125.0μg/g;在聚乙烯食品装材料中存在AgNPs和Ag⁺的释放现象,低温储存可降低银释放量,酸性介质和有机溶剂会促使Ag⁺释放,对AgNPs无明显影响;AgNPs占总银释放量的0.3%～6.1%,其粒径主要分布在50 nm以下。本研究为食品装材料中纳米颗粒物的释放评价提供了依据和方法。     

酶提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法分析樱桃番茄纳米银颗粒及其吸收规律研究

为探究复合保鲜涂膜中AgNPs的迁移情况,采用酶提取的前处理方式,结合单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP-ICP-MS）,考察了前处理方式、驻留时间、校准方式以及Ag+浓度等条件对AgNPs准确测定的影响。结果表明：0.1 g樱桃番茄样品在柠檬酸盐体系下使用0.2 g的R-10离析酶可达到消解最适酶剂量;当驻留时间小于100 μs时,测定结果有较好的积分条件以及较高的信背比;采用AgNP尺寸方式进行校准比单独用Ag+标准溶液校准方式的颗粒尺寸测定结果更加准确。采用该方法测定樱桃番茄中加标AgNPs颗粒回收率达到88.9%,粒径实测值为47.8±0.3 nm,粒径检出限为13 nm,颗粒浓度检出限为 7.5×104 particles/L。通过将樱桃番茄暴露于AgNPs涂膜中来探究AgNPs迁移行为,复合保鲜涂膜后的樱桃番茄通过三次洗涤后能够在表面去除大部分AgNPs,但仍有少量AgNPs穿过果表皮浸入果肉组织。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,能够为揭示AgNPs在农产品及农业生产中的风险提供可靠、准确的表征方法。     

热提取乳液进样-单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食品包装材料中的纳米银

建立了热提取乳液进样-单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定抗菌包装材料中纳米银颗粒(AgNPs)的方法.采用十氢萘在高温条件下破坏聚乙烯高分子链,提取抗菌包装材料中的AgNPs,通过单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法(Single particle-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrome...     

超声辅助提取/单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定防晒化妆品中的纳米二氧化钛

建立了超声辅助提取/单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP-ICP-MS)测定防晒化妆品中纳米TiO_2的方法。考察了停留时间、纳米粒子数量及浓度等分析条件,确定了防晒化妆品中纳米TiO_2的最佳萃取条件以及测定方法,对比了不同萃取溶剂对防晒霜中纳米TiO_2的提取效果。结果表明,在采用0. 1%Tritonx-100(Tx-100)以及5%乙醇作为萃取剂超声辅助提取,测定停留时间为3 ms,待测样品中纳米颗粒的数量浓度低于4×10~7个/mL条件下,该法可准确测定防晒化妆品中的纳米TiO_2,对防晒化妆品中纳米TiO_2的数量浓度检出限(LOD_(conc))为1×10~4个/mL,纳米颗粒粒度检出限(LOD_(size))为35 nm。方法简单快捷、灵敏度高、准确性良好,可同时对防晒化妆品中TiO_2进行浓度测定及粒度分布表征。     

单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP-ICP-MS)法数据处理算法的技术发展现状

单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, SP-ICP-MS)将高通量的粒子计数技术与ICP-MS时间分辨分析相结合,进行快速的单个颗粒逐一表征。此技术不仅可以获取单个颗粒的质量和粒径信息,还能获得溶解态和颗粒态的元素含量信息。经过二十余年的发展,SP-ICP-MS法正逐渐成为表征单颗粒的重要方法之一,其显著的技术优势获得了广泛关注,业内诸多学者对其仪器运行条件优化、数据采集方法、数据处理算法等关键技术方面的研究也取得了长足进展。本文综述了SP-ICP-MS表征纳米颗粒的技术路线、数据处理算法及研究进展,重点讨论了单颗粒定量分析的关键问题及其未来研究方向。但必须指出的是,当前业内在不同应用场景下所建立的颗粒事件鉴别算法、溶液信号的判定阈值算法、颗粒信号质量控制和精确的颗粒定量表征方法尚未明确统一,仍然缺乏足够普适的数据处理方式,这使得SP-ICP-MS技术在广泛的纳米颗粒应用中仍需面对准确定量的挑战。     

应用先进光谱技术研究无机离子的环境界面化学

发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。     

ICP-MS的KED模式测定磷酸加王水复溶土壤样品中的二十种金属元素

在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL     

Transition Metal–(μ-Cl)–Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry

Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M–(μ-Cl)–Al bonding in Ziegler–Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M–(μ-Cl)–Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M–(μ-Cl)–Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler–Natta processes and beyond.     

中文化学名词醇醛酮醚酯之由来

1932年民国教育部颁布的《化学命名原则》为中文化学名词确立了统一的标准,并对于"元素及化合物定名取字"提出"取字应以谐声为主,会意次之,不重象形"的定名总则.它确立的中文化学名词醇、醛、酮、醚、酯是意译名,这似乎与其音译为主的命名原则相悖.本文讨论了醇、醛、酮、醚、酯的各种历史译名,并分析了它们被《原则》采纳的原因.     

Bestimmung von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs in NBS-Ochsenleber, Blutplasma und Erythrocyten durch INAA und AAS

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.

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Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS

Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar.     

Attenuation of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia via Cholinergic Modulation in Mice by Synthetic Curcumin Analogs

Alzheimer’s disease is an emerging health disorder associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. In this study, six curcumin analogs (1a–1f) were synthesized and screened for in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential. On the basis of promising results, they were further investigated for in vivo analysis using elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) behavioral models. The binding mode of the synthesized compounds with the active sites of cholinesterases, and the involvement of the cholinergic system in brain hippocampus was determined. The synthesized curcumin analog 1d (p < 0.001, n = 6), and 1c (p < 0.01, n = 6) showed promising results by decreasing retention time in EPM, significantly increasing % SAP in Y-maze, while significantly (p < 0.001) enhancing the % discrimination index (DI) and the time exploring the novel objects in NORT mice behavioral models. A molecular docking study using MOE software was used for validation of the inhibition of cholinesterase(s). It has been indicated from the current research work that the synthesized curcumin analogs enhanced memory functions in mice models and could be used as valuable therapeutic molecules against neurodegenerative disorders. To determine their exact mechanism of action, further studies are suggested.     

Phosphorescence of aromatic molecules in complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin at room temperature

The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d₈ and-h₈, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol⁻¹s⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997.     

Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines:Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides

Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments.     

Unveiling Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compositional Differences between Dukkah and Za’atar via SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD

Interest in plant-based diets has been on the rise in recent years owing to the potential health benefits of their individual components and the notion that plant-based diets might reduce the incidence of several diseases. Egyptian dukkah and Syrian za’atar are two of the most historic and famous Middle Eastern herbal blends used for their anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic effects. Headspace SPME-GCMS and HPLC-DAD were adopted for characterizing the aroma profile and phenolic compounds of both herbal blends, respectively. Further, vapor-phase minimum inhibitory concentration was employed for assessing each blend’s antibacterial potential, while their antioxidant potential was estimated via in vitro antioxidant assays. SPME headspace analysis indicated the abundance of ethers and monoterpene hydrocarbons, while HPLC revealed the presence of several phenolics including rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin. Biological investigations affirmed that vapor-phase of the tested blends exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, while the antioxidant potential of the blends was investigated and expressed as Trolox (125.15 ± 5.92 to 337.26 ± 13.84 μM T eq/mg) and EDTA (18.08 ± 1.62 to 51.69 41 ± 5.33 μM EDTA eq/mg) equivalent. The presented study offers the first insight into the chemical profile and biological activities of both dukkah and za’atar.