关于光在介质表面反射的半波损失问题

对于光在反射时的半波损失问题，就《大学物理》上已发表的章和已出版的教科书中的有关论述作一回顾，阐明对此问题是怎样一步步讨论得全面、清楚的。     

再谈半波损失和薄膜干涉

本文的主要内容有四点.一是对近期本刊发表的《光由光密介质射向光疏介质时半波损失的条件》作补充讨论,给出一些数学公式上的解释和相应的物理情景.二是讨论该文中谈到的一些关于半波损失的看法,并指出当偏振平行于入射面的光从光密介质入射到光疏介质、且光密介质折射率远大于光疏介质折射率时,一般不会有半波损失.三是给出薄膜干涉的定量计算结果,展示了在通常情况下,教科书上的薄膜干涉公式结果与按菲涅耳公式计算的结果是非常接近的.四是指出,教科书上的薄膜干涉公式所指示的暗纹条件恰好是正确的,但对于亮纹条件,在某些情况下,该公式会得出完全错误的结果.     

光波在界面上的磁矢量半波损失研究

利用电磁场的边值关系推导出了平面光波入射到两介质分界面时光波磁矢量的菲涅耳公式。通过画出反射系数和透射系数随着入射角的变化曲线,分析当平面光波正入射或掠入射时,磁矢量反射系数和透射系数中的相位变化,总结出了光波入射到两介质分界面时磁矢量出现半波损失的条件。与平面光波入射到两介质分界面时电矢量半波损失条件不同,当平面光波从光疏介质掠入射到光密介质或者从光密介质正入射到光疏介质时,反射光波的磁矢量会发生半波损失。     

利用横波讨论产生半波损失的条件

: 基于弦线上传播的机械横波定量讨论了产生半波损失的条件.     

产生半波损失的条件究竟是什么

推导出发生半波损失的条件,指出了现行教材中关于波在“固定端”、“自由端”反射的解释中存在的问题。     

菲涅耳-基尔霍夫积分与半波带法分析衍射光谱

惠更斯菲 涅耳原理指出光的衍射本质是无穷多次波的相干叠加.在研究衍射光谱的强度时可使用菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分进行计算,但该积分的计算较为复杂.为了简化计算而引入菲涅耳半波带的概念,把积分运算简化为振幅矢量的叠加,从而在研究衍射时由菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分过渡到菲涅耳半波带法.在菲涅耳半波带法中波前上相邻两个半波带到达叠加点的光程差为半个波长,从而导致相位差π.因此相邻两个半波带引起的振动在叠加点发生相消,最终叠加点的光强由发出次波的半波带数目的奇偶性决定.奇数个半波带在叠加点的光强得到加强,偶数个半波带在叠加点的光强发生相消.     

介质表面运动时的菲涅耳公式

论述了电磁波在运动介质界面反射和折射时电磁场场量间的振幅关系,得到了修正后的菲涅耳公式。     

由菲涅尔反射测量平行平面介质的折射率

一激光束投射在一平行平面介质的表面上，在此表面有一反射光束和从介质内折射出来的另一光束，只要测出这两光束的Ｐ光和Ｓ光的强度，就可计算该介质的折射率。本文介绍测量原理及方法。     

半波损失现象的大幅面显示

根据光在界面上反射时产生半波损失的条件,设计了一种利用激光产生的非定域干涉条纹来大幅面展示半波损失现象的实验装置。该实验装置思路清晰、操作简便、画面显示效果好。     

光干涉中光程差及半波损失

对光的干涉中光程差及半波损失问题作了分析 ,提供一种解答问题的方法和技巧     

Polarization analysis of the light emitted by an optically pumped3He gas

Optical measurements of the nuclear polarizationM of an optically pumped pure³He gas have been performed. They consist in monitoring the circular polarization of various helium lines emitted by the discharge. We have demonstrated the possibility to use the orange line (587.5 nm) to measureM and we have calibrated this technique over the pressure range 0.4–6.5 Torr. The circular polarization of the light has been analyzed using a new device which includes a static polarimeter and photodiodes as light sensors. The intensity of the discharge was modulated and the detection was made at the frequency of modulation.Laboratoire associé au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et a l'Université P. M. Curie     

自然光在多层介质分界面上折射时的偏振度

通过光在介质的分界面上折射时产生的偏振现象,利用非磁性介质的菲涅耳公式及入射、折射时的光强关系,从理论上详细推导了自然光在两介质分界面上折射时其偏振度的数学表达式,探讨了透射光的偏振程度与介质层数的关系.实验测试的结果表明,在考虑误差存在的情况下,实验曲线与理论曲线的变化趋势基本相符;对于同一介质,折射光的偏振度随入射角的增大而单调地增加.     

Experimental method to detect chiral asymmetry in specular light scattering from a naturally optically active medium

An experimental method is described for measuring chiral asymmetries in specular light scattering from a naturally optically active medium with a sensitivity on the order of one part in 10⁶. The chiral asymmetries of interest are the differential reflection of left and right circularly polarised light (circular differential reflection) and the deviation from mutual orthogonality of reflected transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarised light (skewness). The measurement of these chiral asymmetries would permit one to test the recently predicted Fresnel amplitudes for reflection from isotropic optically active transparent and absorving media and thereby to resolved controversial fundamental issues concerning the electrodynamics of chiral media.     

Enhancement of circular differential deflection of light in an optically active medium

In this letter, we investigate the circular differential deflection of a light beam refracted at the interface of an optically active medium. We show that the difference between the angles of deviation of the two circularly polarized components of the transmitted beam is enhanced manyfold near total internal reflection, which suggests a simple way of increasing the limit of detection of chiro-optical measurements.     

The polarization of light emitted from sputtered Mg atoms

The polarization fraction of light emitted from Mg atoms excited during bombardment of the Mg polycrystalline target by low-energy Ne⁺ ions has been measured. Taking into account the results, a possible mechanism of excitation of sputtered atoms is suggested.     

非球形粒子散射光的去偏振特性研究

目标对入射偏振光的散射特性反映了目标的属性信息。在Rayleigh散射理论的基础上，通过单层非球形粒子对入射偏振光的散射数学模型，应用矢量传输方程来计算非球形粒子散射的Mueller矩阵元，求解散射介质的偏振度，讨论在不同介质层厚度、粒子半径和探测角的条件下，非球形粒子散射光去偏振度的变化特性，给出了模拟仿真结果。该方法为研究目标的内部结构、厚度和粗糙度等特征以及目标的探测和识别提供了一种新的途径。     

Measurement of elastic light scattering from two optically trapped microspheres and red blood cells in a transparent medium

Optical tweezers can be used to manipulate small objects and cells. A trap can be used to fix the position of a particle during light scattering measurements. The places of two separately trapped particles can also be changed. In this Letter we present elastic light scattering measurements as a function of scattering angle when two trapped spheres are illuminated with a He-Ne laser. This setup is suitable for trapping noncharged homogeneous spheres. We also demonstrate measurement of light scattering patterns from two separately trapped red blood cells. Two different illumination schemes are used for both samples.     

Electrically controlled transfer of spin angular momentum of light in an optically active medium

Spin is an intrinsic property of the photon. A method for using an externally applied dc electric field to manipulate the transfer of spin angular momentum of light in an optically active medium is presented. To discuss this, we first develop a wave coupling theory of the mutual action of natural optical activity and the linear electro-optic effect. Besides being used for analyzing the electrically controlled transfer of spin angular momentum of light, the theory can also be used to describe the propagation of light traveling along an arbitrary direction in any optically active medium with an external dc electric field along an arbitrary direction.