高选择性半胱氨酸探针的设计、合成及光谱性质研究

合成了一种新型的裸眼识别半胱氨酸(Cys)的荧光探针,可以专一性地识别半胱氨酸而不受同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和其它氨基酸的影响。研究结果表明:探针与Cys作用后,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色,紫外吸收光谱红移约32 nm,同时荧光强度淬灭,荧光光谱红移约75 nm,可实现裸眼检测。     

高选择性半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及生物成像

生物巯基分子在人体生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。因此,专一性识别生物巯基分子在生命科学领域具有非常重要的应用价值。我们利用醛基作为巯基识别基团进行成环反应,合成了一种新型的荧光增强型半胱氨酸(Cys)荧光探针,其结构用核磁共振氢谱、质谱以及红外光谱进行表征。该探针分子具有合成简单、选择性好、光稳定性好等优点,本身无色,无荧光,与Cys作用后,紫外吸收光谱蓝移约15nm,荧光强度增强105倍,荧光颜色由无色变为深蓝色,可实现裸眼观测且能进行活细胞成像。     

基于分子内电荷转移机制半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及应用

利用半胱氨酸(Cys)诱导的α,β-不饱和醛酮的加成环化反应来恢复探针的分子内电荷转移过程(ICT),成功合成一种专一性识别半胱氨酸的荧光探针。研究表明,探针分子仅对Cys具有显著的青色荧光增强响应,明显区分于非硫醇氨基酸和含硫醇氨基酸(同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽),荧光可以恢复42倍,具有较好的稳定性。MDA-MB-231细胞内Cys的荧光成像证明了该有机分子具有潜在检测细胞内Cys的能力。     

Eu0.5La0.5（TTA）3/PMMA温敏漆的制备及性能研究

以氯化铕、氯化镧、噻吩甲酰基三氟丙酮(TTA)为原料合成了Eu0.5La0.5(TTA)3探针分子,将探针分子与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)混合后聚合,获得Eu0.5La0.5(TTA)3/PMMA温敏漆。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、紫外吸收光谱及荧光光谱对探针分子及温敏漆性能进行了表征。红外光谱表明,Eu(La)与TTA形成配位键,且镧的掺入并未改变Eu(TTA)3结构;SEM照片显示探针分子为片状晶体;紫外吸收光谱表明,探针分子的最佳吸收波段位于226～381 nm处。340 nm激发下,发现温敏漆在613 nm处具有最强荧光发射峰,且镧的掺杂对Eu(TTA)3发光存在增益作用;不同温度下荧光光谱表明,随着温度的升高,温敏漆荧光发射强度逐渐减弱,说明温敏漆具有良好的温度猝灭特性。     

特异性识别半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及细胞成像研究

基于光诱导电子转移(PET)机制,利用Cys亲核性较强,能够与探针分子发生亲核取代反应,使丙烯酰基离去,使探针分子体系内PET过程失效,合成了一种特异性识别半胱氨酸的荧光探针。当向探针溶液分别加入多种测试物时,除与Cys结构类似的Hcy和GSH会引起探针溶液微弱的荧光变化外,其他氨基酸均不会引起探针溶液荧光强度的变化,该探针对Cys具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,可在生理条件下检测Cys,并且区分Hcy和GSH。同时,该探针成功实现了细胞内Cys的荧光成像,为在生物学及医学中的实际应用建立了一种特异性识别Cys的分析方法。     

基于三苯胺-罗丹明染料荧光探针对pH和Cu^2+的选择性识别

基于罗丹明B酰肼和三苯胺染料合成了pH和Cu^2+双识别分子探针(RTPA),并利用核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱和高分辨质谱表征了RTPA的分子结构。通过紫外-可见光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了该荧光分子探针在极性不同的有机溶剂中的光谱性能以及在THF/H2O(V:V=1:1)溶液中对Cu^2+和质子的选择性识别性能。结果表明:随着溶剂的极性增大,化合物RTPA的最大发射波长发生红移,从419 nm红移到500 nm。该探针在水溶液中可以实现高选择性识别Cu^2+离子,不受其他常见金属离子的竞争性干扰。通过Job’s plot曲线证明了探针RTPA识别Cu^2+的化学计量比是1:1,Cu^2+的检出限为0.635μmol/L。当pH在1.87~4.48区间内,探针的荧光强度与pH呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9957,其pKa为3.13。探针RTPA也可用于极酸性条件下(pH<4)质子浓度的定量检测。     

基于黄酮醇的高选择性半胱氨酸荧光探针的合成及性能研究

报道了一种基于4’-二乙氨基黄酮醇、以丙烯酸酯为半胱氨酸(Cys)反应基团的荧光增强型探针A1,对Cys的检测响应快速(5 min内),能有效识别区分另外两种含巯基生物分子高半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)。探针溶液荧光强度与加入的Cys浓度呈线性相关,拟合方程为y=6.894x+0.8409(R~2=0.9973),检测限为1×10~(-7)mol/L。加入Cys后,探针溶液由浅色变为亮黄色,在自然光条件下实现对Cys的比色检测。检测机理推测为Cys对A1中的丙烯酰基进行了共轭加成并使酯键断裂,使荧光母体得到释放从而产生增强的荧光信号。探针A1可用于活细胞内对Cys的荧光成像分析。     

一种1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物检测半胱氨酸荧光探针 的合成及其在活细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中成像中的运用

基于1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物,构建了一种检测半胱氨酸(Cys)的新型荧光探针TPFC-Acryloyl。光谱研究表明该探针能有效识别Cys且能够在1min内实现快速响应。探针对Cys的检测表现出高选择性,检测限为2.13μmol/L。经荧光光谱和质谱实验确证其检测机理为：Cys与TPFC-Acryloyl分子中的丙烯酸酯发生共轭加成-环化反应,进而羟基裸露的同时释放出黄色荧光。细胞毒性测试表明探针TPFC-Acryloyl的细胞毒性低。此外,该探针还被成功应用于活细胞和秀丽隐杆线虫中Cys的荧光成像。     

一种用于活细胞中检测还原性谷胱甘肽的试卤灵类荧光探针

设计并合成了一种试卤灵类的荧光探针R1,通过质谱,1HNM R谱及13C NM R谱等手段对探针R1进行表征。并采用荧光光谱法和紫外-可见光谱法研究了探针R1对小分子生物硫醇包括还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和L-半胱氨酸(Cys)的光谱响应。实验结果表明,探针R1在p H 7.4磷酸缓冲溶液中对小分子生物硫醇均表现出快速、灵敏的显色和荧光响应,以及较好的选择性。与GSH作用后,探针R1的溶液颜色由无色变为红色。在5~100μmol/L范围内,探针R1的荧光强度与GSH浓度呈线性关系,对GSH的检出限为0.3μmol/L。此外,探针R1可跨过细胞膜,可应用于He La细胞内源性的GSH的激光共聚焦成像,对研究各类病理状态下细胞内氧化还原状态异常有一定的辅助作用。     

以Eu(DBM)3Bipy为荧光探针的温敏漆的制备及性能表征

利用氯化铕(EuCl_3)、二苯甲酰甲烷(DBM)和联吡啶(Bipy)为原料合成了Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子,并将探针分子掺入到甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)中,在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)引发剂的作用下聚合,获得温敏漆Eu(DBM)_3Bipy/PMMA。采用红外光谱仪、紫外吸收光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光光谱仪对探针分子的结构、形貌、发光性能和温敏漆的温度猝灭性能进行了表征。红外及紫外吸收光谱分析发现稀土离子Eu3+与配体配位成键,成功合成Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子;扫描电镜及能谱分析表明Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子呈碎片状,大小约为150 nm,且主要由C、N、O和Eu四种元素组成;荧光光谱表明,在367 nm激发下,Eu(DBM)_3Bipy探针分子的最佳发射波长位于612 nm,且第二配体Bipy对Eu(DBM)_3的荧光发射具有增益作用。在不同温度下测试温敏漆的荧光发射特性,发现温敏漆Eu(DBM)_3Bipy/PMMA在40~90℃温度区间内具有良好的荧光温度猝灭特性,测温灵敏度最高的温度区间位于40~60℃。     

掺铒联吡啶钌为探针分子压敏漆的制备及氧猝灭特性

以2,2′-联吡啶,三氯化钌(RuCl3),氯化铒(ErCl3)为原料合成了铒掺杂的探针分子。将探针分子加入到铕掺杂的硅溶胶基质中获得了铕、铒共掺杂的压敏漆样品。采用IR,SEM,EDS及荧光发射光谱对探针分子和压敏漆进行了表征。红外光谱结果表明,探针分子中联吡啶的结构没有被破坏。扫描电镜观察发现探针分子呈片状,EDS测试发现探针分子表面含有Er,Ru等元素。紫外吸收光谱表明压敏漆的最佳吸收波段位于200~500 nm处,选择410 nm作为激发光源,压敏漆在590 nm处有很强的荧光发射,并且随着空气压力的增大(即氧分子浓度的增加),压敏漆的荧光发射强度降低,说明压敏漆具有较好的氧猝灭特性。     

Development of a Small Molecule Probe Capable of Discriminating Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione with Three Distinct Turn‐On Fluorescent Outputs

The simultaneous discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH by a single probe is still an unmet challenge. The design and synthesis of a small molecule probe MeO‐BODIPY‐Cl (BODIPY=boron dipyrromethene) is presented, which can allow Cys, Hcy, and GSH to be simultaneously discriminated on the basis of three distinct fluorescence turn‐on responses. The probe reacts with these thiols to form sulfenyl‐substituted BODIPY, which is followed by intramolecular displacement to yield amino‐substituted BODIPY. The kinetic rate of the intramolecular displacement reaction determines the observed different sensing behavior. Therefore, the probe responds to Cys, Hcy, and GSH with fluorescence turn‐on colors of yellow, yellow and red, and red, respectively. With this promising feature in hand, the probe was successfully used in imaging of Cys, Hcy and GSH in living cells.     

A Multi‐signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione

A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn‐on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108‐, 128‐, 30‐fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.     

A Multi‐signal Fluorescent Probe with Multiple Binding Sites for Simultaneous Sensing of Cysteine,Homocysteine, and Glutathione

A novel fluorescent probe was developed by integrating chlorinated coumarin and benzothiazolylacetonitrile and exploited for simultaneous detection of cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH). Featuring four binding sites and different reaction mechanisms for different biothiols, this probe exhibited rapid fluorescence turn‐on for distinguishing Cys, Hcy, and GSH with 108‐, 128‐, 30‐fold fluorescence increases at 457, 559, 529 nm, respectively, across different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of endogenous Cys and GSH and exogenous Cys, Hcy, and GSH in living cells.     

Design of activatable red-emissive assay for cysteine detection in aqueous medium with aggregation induced emission characteristics

A novel water-soluble red-emissive AIE fluorescence probe for cysteine (Cys) in situ was prepared and the performance of selectivity and sensitivity has been carefully investigated in this study. The probe was established on the electrostatic interaction of sulfonate functionalized tetraphenylethene (TPE) and polycation generated by the reaction between a polymer bearing dinitrobenzenesulfonate groups and Cys. From the experimental results, it was easy to distinguish Cys from glutathione (GSH) and homocysteine (Hcy) with a detection limit of 73 nmol/L. The assay system also possessed strong anti-interference ability against multitudinous amino acids. The Stokes shift was 142 nm and the emission ranged from 550 nm to 850 nm. In addition, double responses in fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible spectra also make the red-emissive assay ideal for sensitive detection and quantification of Cys for most purposes, especially in-situ monitoring of Cys in aqueous medium.     

A multisite-binding fluorescent probe for simultaneous monitoring of mitochondrial homocysteine,cysteine and glutathione in live cells and zebrafish

Homocysteine(Hcy), cysteine(Cys) and glutathione(GSH) play crucial roles in redox homeostasis during mitochondria functions. Simultaneous differentiation and visualization of mitochondrial biothiols dynamics are significant for understanding cell metabolism and their related diseases. Herein, a multisitebinding fluorescent probe(MCP) was developed for simultaneous sensing of mitochondrial Cys, GSH and Hcy from three fluorescence channels for the first time. This novel probe exhibited rapid fluor...     

Hybridization‐Sensitive On–Off DNA Probe: Application of the Exciton Coupling Effect to Effective Fluorescence Quenching

The design of dyes that emit fluorescence only when they recognize the target molecule, that is, chemistry for the effective quenching of free dyes, must play a significant role in the development of the next generation of functional fluorescent dyes. On the basis of this concept, we designed a doubly fluorescence‐labeled nucleoside. Two thiazole orange dyes were covalently linked to a single nucleotide in a DNA probe. An absorption band at approximately 480 nm appeared strongly when the probe was in a single‐stranded state, whereas an absorption band at approximately 510 nm became predominant when the probe was hybridized with the complementary strand. The shift in the absorption bands shows the existence of an excitonic interaction caused by the formation of an H aggregate between dyes, and as a result, emission from the probe before hybridization was suppressed. Dissociation of aggregates by hybridization with the complementary strand resulted in the disruption of the excitonic interaction and strong emission from the hybrid. This clear change in fluorescence intensity that is dependent on hybridization is useful for visible gene analysis.     

Construction of a Selective Fluorescent Probe for GSH Based on a Chloro‐Functionalized Coumarin‐enone Dye Platform

Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular biothiol, protects cellular components from damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plays a crucial role in human pathologies. A fluorescent probe that can selectively sense intracellular GSH would be very valuable for understanding of its biological functions and mechanisms of diseases. In this work, a 3,4‐dimethoxythiophenol‐substituted coumarin‐enone was exploited as a reaction‐type fluorescent probe for GSH based on a chloro‐functionalized coumarin‐enone platform. In the probe, the 3,4‐dimethoxythiophenol group functions not only as a fluorescence quencher through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to ensure a low background fluorescence, but also as a reactive site for biothiols. The probe displays a dramatic fluorescence turn‐on response toward GSH with the long‐wavelength emission (600 nm) and significant Stokes shift (100 nm). The selectivity of the probe toward GSH over cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and other amino acids was demonstrated. Assisted by laser‐scanning confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated that the probe could specifically sense GSH over Cys/Hcy in human renal cell carcinoma SiHa cells.