Sc3C2@C80与[12]CPP纳米环之间非共价相互作用的理论研究

金属富勒烯嵌套于纳米环内形成主客体系, 二者产生的主客体作用可诱导内部金属团簇的取向, 影响分子的电子结构等性质. 本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)计算, 对碳纳米环[12]CPP(CPP=环苯撑, 主体分子)与金属富勒烯Sc₃C₂@C₈₀(客体分子)形成的主客体配合物的结构和性质进行了研究. 计算结果表明, 在最稳定构型中, [12]CPP呈现椭圆形, Sc₃C₂@C₈₀与[12]CPP的质心不再重合. Sc₃C₂@C₈₀在[12]CPP内旋转对构型总体能量影响仅为13.51 kJ/mol. [12]CPP向Sc₃C₂@C₈₀转移了0.03 e, 主客体分子之间存在弱相互作用. 对二者相互作用的分析结果表明, 色散作用在弱相互作用中占主导地位.     

内嵌金属富勒烯Sc2S@C86的结构和性质

金属硫化物富勒烯是一类结构新奇的化合物,阐释其结构和性质是当前的重要研究任务。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,系统研究了质谱实验已经检测到的内嵌金属富勒烯Sc₂S@C₈₆的结构和性质。结果显示,能量最低的异构体是Sc₂S@C₈₆:63751(独立五元环规则(IPR)-9),该碳笼与已报道的Sc₂C₂@C₈₆的碳笼一样;其次是non-IPR Sc₂S@C₈₆:63376。自然键轨道(NBO)和分子中原子理论(AIM)分析显示,内嵌团簇与碳笼间存在电荷转移相互作用和共价作用。温度效应计算显示,高温时Sc₂S@C₈₆是多个异构体共存的。为了对将来实验结构测定提供参考,本文提供了能量最低的两个异构体的红外光谱图。     

金属富勒烯的质谱研究

利用电弧放电法合成笼内金属富勒烯Gd@C₈₂,Gd₂@C₈₀,Gd@C₈₀实验结果表明,两步高温高压法(1,2,4-三甲基苯,吡啶)可有效地提取金属富勒烯Gd@C₈₂.本文分别利用ESI-MS,REC-MS,MALDI-TOF-MS质谱技术研究了Gd@C₈₂,Gd₂@C₈₀,Gd@C₈₀和富勒烯Cn(n=60,70,82,84…)的气相负离子特性.结果表明,包入Gd³⁺后非极性的C₈₂转变为极性的Gd@C₈₂分子;金属离子Gd³⁺处于C₈₂^3-笼中非中心的位置.     

15N同位素标记的金属氮化物内嵌富勒烯的合成与表征

利用电弧放电法制备了¹⁵N同位素标记的金属氮化物内嵌富勒烯. 制备过程中使用¹⁵NH₄Cl作为固体氮源, 基于电弧放电方法在氦气气氛中将石墨、金属钪和¹⁵NH₄Cl高温原子化, 合成得到Sc₃¹⁵N@C₈₀和Sc₃¹⁵N@C₇₈. 利用高效液相色谱法进行分离纯化, 并通过质谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和核磁共振碳谱表征了Sc₃¹⁵N@C₈₀, 验证了¹⁵N的成功标记, 还表明合成的Sc₃¹⁵N@C₈₀具有I_h-C₈₀碳笼. 所制备的¹⁵N标记的金属氮化物内嵌富勒烯中含有98%以上的¹⁵N同位素, 将拓展金属富勒烯材料在同位素示踪等领域的应用.     

金属硫化物富勒烯Sc2S@C90的结构与性质

Sc₂S@C₉₀存在的信号已经被质谱检测到,但其结构还没有得到表征. 为了研究Sc₂S@C₉₀的结构和性质,通过密度泛函理论计算方法对Sc₂S@C₉₀的异构体进行了系统的筛选. 计算结果表明,能量最低的两个异构体分别为Sc₂S@C₉₀：99913和Sc₂S@C₉₀：99915. 对Sc₂S@C₉₀在0到4000 K温度下的相对浓度进行了评估,结果显示,Sc₂S@C₉₀：99913和Sc₂S@C₉₀：99915可以在高温下共存. 分析研究了Sc₂S@C₉₀的内嵌团簇与碳笼间的键连关系和相互作用特性. 这些研究可为Sc₂S@C₉₀的结构确定提供指导.     

高效合成大分子富勒烯金属包合物

采用直流电弧法, 以掺有金属合金和B₄C粉末的光谱纯石墨棒作为阳极, 在He和NH₃混合气氛中进行电弧放电, 首次高产率合成了一系列Gd₂@C_2n(94≤2n≤142)的大分子双金属富勒烯包合物. 实验证明, 异相物质作为热的载体并同时催化产生了大分子富勒烯金属包合物, 而NH₃则抑制了C₆₀和C₇₀等其它富勒烯的生成.     

探索碳笼分子家族:富勒烯的结构模型构建策略*

以发现C₆₀球笼结构的史实阐述结构模型的制作对探索物质结构奥秘的重要性。以科学家对富勒烯形成机制的探索佐证多角度构建结构模型的合理性,举例介绍搭建C₆₀球棍模型3种方法的操作步骤。探讨一组有结构关联性C_60+10n碳笼分子结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建代表分子C₇₀,C₈₀球棍模型的操作步骤。探讨一组有高度对称性的富勒烯结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建大直径、高对称富勒烯C₇₂₀球棍模型的操作步骤。结合《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》和教学实践探讨结构模型构建在化学教学中的作用,为富勒烯结构模型的自主构建教学提供范例。     

三氟甲基叔丁基氮氧自由基的超精细偶合常数与溶剂极性参数的相关性研究

用EPR方法测定了三氟甲基叔丁基氮氧自由基在16种溶剂中的顺磁参数α_N和α_F^β值.并对α_N值与溶剂的极性参数E_T、z进行了线性相关分析,讨论了这类低位阻含氟自旋探针对研究溶剂化和探针本身结构的作用.     

Sc12Co和Sc12Ni团簇的几何结构、磁性和光谱特性的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论和卡利普索结构预测方法,在B3PW91/LanL2DZ水平下,系统研究了Sc₁₃,Sc₁₂Co和Sc₁₂Ni团簇的几何结构、磁性和光谱特性.结果表明,Sc₁₃基态拥有高对称性的二十面体I_h点群对称结构,Sc₁₂Co和Sc₁₂Ni团簇基态结构是分别以Co和Ni为中心的畸变二十面体结构.基于上述基态结构,电荷转移分析发现电荷从Sc原子向Ni或Co原子转移.磁性分析表明Sc₁₃团簇的高磁性主要源于Sc—Sc之间的铁磁性耦合和较大的自旋劈裂.对于Sc₁₂Co和Sc₁₂Ni团簇,Sc—Ni和Sc—Co各原子之间的反铁磁性耦合、较小的自旋劈裂及原子间的电荷转移量是磁性偏低的原因.而且,总磁矩主要来源于Sc-3d轨道上的自旋磁矩贡献,4s和4p轨道上的自旋磁矩贡献非常小.最后,研究发现Sc₁₂Co和Sc₁₂Ni团簇的红外和拉...     

铜(Ⅱ)氮氧自由基配合物铁磁耦合机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论结合对称性破损态方法对氮氧双自由基以及铜(Ⅱ)-氮氧自由基配合物的磁耦合常数进行了计算.结果表明铜(Ⅱ)-氮氧自由基配合物为铁磁耦合.对配合物磁轨道进行了分析,表明体系的铁磁耦合作用主要来自于Cu离子的轨道与自由基的π^*轨道正交.自旋密度分布分析显示:在氮氧自由基与金属铜两个自旋耦合片的自旋耦合主要来自于中心Cu离子的轨道电子向氮氧自由基上的π^*轨道的电子转移,这一电子特征的变化引起的自旋离域在Cu离子和氮氧自由基片的铁磁耦合中起到了重要的作用.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.