多功能Fe3O4@SiO2 Janus颗粒

采用溶剂热法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了顺磁性Fe₃O₄@SiO₂颗粒,以Pickering乳液界面保护法实现颗粒表面分区获得Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ Janus颗粒,进一步选区复合生长Pt或Ag纳米颗粒制备Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Pt和Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Ag Janus颗粒.Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Pt Janus颗粒的Pt一侧进行催化过氧化氢的反应,具有自驱动功能.因其顺磁性和两亲性,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Ag Janus颗粒能够作为磁响应颗粒乳化剂稳定油水乳液,并将Ag的催化功能引入界面.     

Janus纳米金稳定的Pickering乳液界面催化氧化性能

Janus纳米粒子的结构设计和简易合成是Pickering乳液界面催化的关键. 本文通过在Pickering乳液保护法中操纵共轭亚油酸的自组装、 自交联性和弱还原性, 合成了Janus型自交联吸附胶束修饰的纳米Fe₃O₄ (SCA-Fe₃O₄), 并在其表面原位还原金后, 合成了Janus型催化剂Au-SCA-Fe₃O₄, 考察其同时作为乳化剂和催化剂在乳液界面催化苯甲醇氧化生成苯甲醛的性能. 结果表明, 该Janus纳米粒子的金修饰量(质量分数)仅为0.66%, 兼具乳化性、 催化性和磁响应性. Au-SCA-Fe₃O₄可制备外观稳定(100 μm)和热稳定(90 ℃)的苯甲醇/水型Pickering乳液, 可显著提高互不相溶反应物与催化剂间的接触面积, 使其催化活性达到均匀纳米催化剂的2倍和非乳液催化时的3倍, 其在界面的不可转动性使苯甲醛的选择性高于99.9%, 避免了苯甲醛被过度氧化成苯甲酸.     

共轭亚油酸修饰Fe3O4纳米颗粒的刺激响应性

采用少量天然不饱和脂肪酸共轭亚油酸(CLA)代替常用油酸对Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒进行表面修饰. 通过引发CLA中共轭双键自交联增强表面修饰牢度, 并利用该修饰层为修饰后的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒提供第二重pH响应性. 分别通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征粒径和形貌、 全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)表征配位模式、 热重(TG)分析修饰量、 θ角表征表面润湿性、 超景深三维显微技术表征修饰后颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液的粒径及分布等. 结果表明, 修饰后颗粒具有分散性好、 修饰层薄而稳定、 表面疏水性增强及具有明显的pH/磁双重响应性等特征. 修饰后颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液具有乳化剂用量(质量分数0.05%)少、 乳液为高内(油)相(体积分数80%)类型、 pH响应能够开关乳液、 外磁场驱使乳液定向移动等特征, 且模拟实验显示借助该乳液可以有效实现水相有机污染物的萃取与分离.     

颗粒乳化剂的研究及应用

近年来,颗粒乳化剂因其在食品、采油、化妆品、医药、催化以及功能纳米材料制备等领域具有潜在应用前景而备受关注。本文综述了近来颗粒乳化剂的研究进展,归纳了颗粒乳化剂的种类,包括:无机纳米粒子、表面改性或杂化的无机粒子、有机纳米粒子以及特殊的颗粒乳化剂Janus粒子;并对颗粒乳化剂能够在油水界面稳定吸附的热力学机理和动力学行为进行了阐述,颗粒乳化剂在油水界面接触角以及粒径大小是其在界面稳定吸附的关键参数,而颗粒在油水界面的排布方式则主要受粒子之间相互作用的影响。重点介绍了颗粒乳化剂的热点应用,包括:(1)利用颗粒乳化剂制备Pickering乳液,以及通过对颗粒乳化剂的功能化,使得Pickering乳液具备环境响应性(即pH、盐浓度、温度、紫外光、磁场敏感响应性);(2)以颗粒乳化剂为构筑基元、以Pickering乳液为模板制备Janus颗粒、Colloidosome、具有多级结构的粒子或膜,以及多孔结构材料;(3) Janus粒子在催化领域的应用。     

纳米玉米醇溶蛋白微球稳定的O/W型Pickering乳液

利用相分离工艺制备玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)纳米微球,微球粒径可控制在40 nm左右;经旋转蒸发制得zein溶胶体系,zein溶胶具有明显的丁达尔现象,静置数月不聚沉,Zeta电位法测得zein微球在pH值为4.0时分散性能最佳。 以纳米zein微球为固相稳定剂制备O/W型Pickering乳液,考察了zein胶体加入量、油水体积比等因素对乳液稳定性的影响。 实验结果表明,zein胶体加入量的质量分数控制为0.4%,高油水体积比将有利于Pickering乳液的长时间稳定。 基于zein分子的两亲结构和界面组装特点,提出了zein微球稳定Pickering乳液的作用机制。     

肉桂酸改性透明质酸颗粒乳化剂的制备及性能

将具有紫外吸收性能的单体肉桂酸(CA)引入天然大分子透明质酸(HA)中,制得疏水性改性HA(HA-CA),然后在二甲亚砜与水的混合溶剂中自组装制备HA-CA胶体粒子,并以之为颗粒乳化剂稳定油水界面制备Pickering乳液。通过紫外、核磁、纳米粒度仪、透射电镜、光学显微镜等方法对HA-CA、HA-CA胶体粒子及其所稳定的乳液进行表征。结果表明,HA-CA可以在选择性溶剂中自组装形成粒径约为95nm的球形胶体粒子;所得的HA-CA胶体粒子可以有效地稳定油/水界面,制备水包油(O/W)型的Pickering乳液,且所得乳液具有良好的耐盐性和细胞相容性;此外该胶体粒子可稳定多种油/水体系,具有一定普适性。     

Pickering乳液双相反转研究表面活性剂在纳米粒子表面的吸附研究

本实验通过制备纳米粒子和表面活性剂协同稳定的Pickering乳液,对乳液的双相反转的现象进行研究。结果表明,随表面活性剂浓度提高,乳液类型从O/W转变成W/O型,再转变成O/W型,即发生双相反转现象。基于实验现象提出了不同表面活性剂浓度条件下表面活性剂分子在纳米粒子表面的吸附模型,即单层吸附和双层吸附导致纳米粒子由偏亲水向偏疏水再到偏亲水性的转变。     

Papain/HA-Phe自组装复合纳米粒子及乳化性能

用L-苯丙氨酸乙酯(L-Phe)改性透明质酸(HA)双亲性生物大分子(HA-Phe)负载生物活性分子木瓜蛋白酶(papain),HA-Phe和Papain通过静电、氢键和疏水相互作用自组装形成生物基Papain/HA-Phe复合纳米粒子.用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)对复合纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌进行表征.结果显示,形成的复合纳米粒子为球形结构,粒径约308 nm.以此复合纳米粒子为颗粒乳化剂稳定白油,形成水包油型Pickering乳液.乳液的扫描电镜(SEM)显示,复合纳米粒子吸附在油水界面,形成复合纳米粒子的吸附层以稳定乳液.详细研究了pH和盐浓度对复合纳米粒子性质和复合纳米粒子乳化性能的影响.结果表明,随着pH增加,复合纳米粒子在油滴表面的吸附数目减少,乳化性能降低;随着盐浓度增加,复合纳米粒子的形变能力增强,乳化性能提高.进一步研究了乳液中木瓜蛋白酶的活性及美白效果.研究表明,制备的乳液保留了一定的活性,且具有一定的美白效果.     

ZrO2修饰Al2O3纳米片负载钴催化剂的制备及其费托反应性能研究

通过水热法合成了Al₂O₃纳米片（Al₂O₃-CN）,采用浸渍法制备20%（质量分数）钴基催化剂,并应用于费托合成反应。制备的Al₂O₃-CN（226 m²/g）与商业氧化铝（Al₂O₃-C,249 m²/g）具有相近的比表面积,但Al₂O₃-CN孔尺寸分布更加集中。浸渍钴后,与Co/Al₂O₃-C催化剂相比,Co/Al₂O₃-CN催化剂表现出较高的还原度及更均匀的钴颗粒粒径分布。因此,Co/Al₂O₃-CN催化剂表现出更高的CO转化率和低的甲烷选择性。为了进一步提高Co/Al₂O₃-CN的催化性能,采用不同含量ZrO₂对Al₂O₃-CN进行修饰。表征结果表明,随着ZrO₂修饰量的增加,Al₂O₃-CN载体比表面积变化不明显,孔体积和孔径增大;相对应催化剂的钴颗粒粒径减小,活性位点数目增加。在相同反应条件下,经ZrO₂修饰催化剂CO转化率进一步提高,甲烷选择性降低。     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂制备的研究

乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、百二酸、马来酸、柠檬酸和H₂PdCl₄在γ-Al₂O₃上的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附规律。H₂PdCl₄在Al₂O₃上的平衡吸附量受溶液pH值的影响,在pH1.9-3.2范围内,pH值愈高,平衡吸附量愈大。多元有机酸对H₂PdCl₄在Al₂O₃上吸附的抑制作用比一元酸大,这一性质决定了由H₂PdCl₄溶液浸渍Al₂O₃时用多元酸(除马来酸外)作竞争吸附剂,可使Pd在Al₂O₃球上呈蛋白型和蛋黄型分布。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.