减压化学气相沉积法制备规则螺旋状纳米碳管

以硅胶负载的Co纳米颗粒为催化剂,在低流量的减压体系中通过化学气相沉积法制备了规则螺旋状的纳米碳管.通过TEM和HRTEM研究了螺旋碳管的形貌、尺度分布以及管身、曲面和节点处的晶型;讨论了催化剂制备中pH值对催化剂的尺寸、规则程度和存在形态以致对螺旋碳管产量、管径厚度以及螺旋管的相对比例的影响;此外,还分析了反应压力对碳管生长的影响.     

碳纳米管的电化学贮氢性能研究

研究了碳纳米管电极的电化学性能 ,其电化学储氢量达到 2 0 0mAh·g 1且具有高的电化学活性和良好的循环寿命 .采用循环伏安法研究了氢在碳纳米管电极上吸附 /氧化机理 .     

碳纳米管贮氢研究进展

综述了碳纳米管在实验和理论方面的贮氢研究工作。不同科研工作者得到的实验结果很不一致，重量百分比分布在67％～0．01％之间。理论模拟结果差别相对小一些。碳纳米管中的氢吸附受有效表面积和孔体积的强烈影响，单壁碳纳米管堆积的几何形状在氢吸附中也起着重要作用。不少研究者认为碳纳米管并不是适合的贮氢材料。其贮氢量在1(wt)％以下。     

分叉碳纳米管的催化生长

Branching carbon nanotubes were synthesized by pyrolysis of acetylene at 700℃ over oxygen-free copper and γ-Al₂O₃-supported Cu unitary or Cu/Fe binary catalysts. The morphologies of the as-grown products were charac-terized by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the branching structures were closely related to the Cu component of the catalysts. We proposed that the special electronic structure (3d¹⁰4s¹) of Cu play the crucial role in the formation of the heptagon defects related to the branching structures.     

稀土合金催化裂解乙炔合成管径可控的碳纳米管

以稀土合金MlNi5-1.35(CoAlMn)1.35为催化剂,C2H2为碳源,H2为还原气和载气,用CVD法合成了纯度较高的CNTs。通过用SEM,TEM,XRD及Raman等表征测试方法,研究了H2流量对合成的CNTs管径、产量、纯度、形态及石墨化程度的影响。结果表明:合金催化剂经还原后其粒径从μm级细化到了nm量级;在催化剂与C2H2反应过程中不通入H2时,催化剂上仍能生长出CNTs,但其长度短而管径粗(约97.8nm),管壁厚而粗糙;随着H2流量增大,CNTs管径先减小后增大,而其产量、纯度及石墨化程度则先提高后下降。当H2流量为50ml·min-1时,CNTs管径达最细(平均管径49.1nm);H2流量为75ml·min-1时,其产物纯度高,产量最大(4.05g·g-1催化剂),CNTs石墨化程度最高;H2流量为100ml·min-1时,CNTs管径最均匀(平均管径97.8nm)。     

多壁碳纳米管的改性及其储氢性能研究

考察了空气处理、混酸处理、H₂O₂处理和等离子体活化等化学改性和多种活性金属修饰对碳纳米管储氢性能的影响,采用TPD-H₂评价装置测试了不同样品吸附的氢气在程序升温后的脱附情况,用峰面积和氢气的校正因子计算出样品吸附氢气的体积,从而计算出碳纳米管的储氢容量.实验结果表明,化学改性和金属修饰均能明显提高碳纳米管的储氢性能,其中经过混合酸和H₂O₂化学处理并负载质量分数为20%Ni的碳纳米管,在常温常压下的氢气储存的质量分数达到2.55%,比未做任何处理的碳纳米管的储氢容量提高了7倍.     

An Investigation of the Plasma Composition in Plasma-enhanced Hot Filament Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes

A mixture of acetylene, hydrogen and ammonia (C₂H₂/H₂/NH₃) is used to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a plasma-enhanced catalytic chemical vapor deposition process either without (PE CCVD) or with hot filaments-assistance (PE HF CCVD). A mathematical model based on Chemkin^™ computer package is used for analyzing specific conditions of nanotube synthesis. Simulations are compared with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements. Morphological and structural investigations on the grown carbon nanostructures are also performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the significant change in the density and the morphology of the CNTs grown in the presence of NH₃ could be mainly explained by the gas phase formation of CN and HCN. Both species display a high etching activity, whereas the species C, CH, CH₂, CH₂(S), C₂ and C₂H are expected to be the most probable carbon nanotube precursors.     

述评碳纳米管储氢研究*

碳纳米管因被认为可能是氢能的主要载体而备受关注,但几年来的文献报道不尽一致.本文评述了关于单壁和多壁碳纳米管对氢气的吸附实验和模拟计算研究结果,探讨了碳纳米管作为储氢材料的可行性.     

Transparent,Versatile Chemical Vapor Sensor Using Supramolecular Assembly of Block Copolymer and Carbon Nanotubes

Here, a simple and novel approach is reported for developing a new class of transparent chemical vapor sensors with a low power consumption, high sensitivity, good selectivity, and excellent environmental stability by depositing multiwalled carbon nanotubes on prepatterned polymer substrates using supramolecular assembly. The patterned polymer substrates were fabricated from block copolymers, whereas the supramolecular assembly between the carbon nanotubes and block copolymer is utilized for the selective localization of carbon nanotubes at the block copolymer–air interface. The thin film devices made from the block copolymer and carbon nanotubes are highly transparent (transmittance > 90%) and respond to a wide range of solvents of different polarity, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, with good selectivity and fast response time.

     

催化剂活性组分及温度对化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管的影响

通过XRD、DTA和TEM方法 ,研究了不同温度下催化剂活性组分Co和Ni对化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备碳纳米管的影响。结果表明 ,在最佳反应温度 ( 65 0℃ )下 ,碳纳米管在催化剂Co Al2 O3 上的产率为 45 7g 1 0 0g·cat,高于在Ni Al2 O3 上的产率 3 42g 1 0 0g·cat。XRD分析表明 ,相对于催化剂Co Al2 O3 ,在Ni Al2 O3 上制备的碳纳米管石墨化程度更高。当合成温度从 65 0℃增加到 75 0℃时 ,在催化剂Co Al2 O3 和Ni Al2 O3 上生成的多壁碳纳米管的 ( 0 0 2 )晶面的层间距分别从 3 45 和 3 42 减小到 3 3 9 和3 3 7 。进一步分析发现 ,在焙烧或催化反应过程中 ,Co、Ni与γ Al2 O3 之间存在相互作用且生成了新相物质 ,其衍射峰分别为 2θ=5 1 5 6°和 2θ=5 1 97°     

化学法修饰碳纳米管

综述了化学法修饰碳纳米管表面反应的研究进展,从酸化及其衍生反应、环加成反应、氟化反应、原子转移自由基聚合反应、卡宾加成反应等几种反应入手着重介绍了碳纳米管表面修饰的方法和研究状况。     

催化增强化学蒸气沉积法在聚酰亚胺上沉积钯-铂合金薄层

以N₂，O₂作载气，通过催化增强化学蒸气沉积(CECVD)分别制得在聚酰亚胺上的金属铂、钯及其合金薄层。铂、钯配合物的共同沉积可生成Pt-Pd合金薄膜。在Pd-Pt合金的沉积过程中，Pd/Pt的原子数比率随共同沉积的条件改变而变化。O₂为载气、300 ℃条件下,用Pd(η³-allyl)(hfac)和Pt(COD)Me₂作前驱体共沉积制备Pd-Pt合金，得到含Pd 37.2%，Pt 62.8%且不     

纳米碳管储能的化学原理与储存容量研究

通过在大温度、压力范围内系统地测定氢在纳米碳管粉末与压片上的吸附等温线和对所得等温线的理论分析,计算出吸附热,并用超临界气体的吸附模型充分地描述了氢在纳米碳管上的吸附行为,证明纳米碳管储氢的原理是超临界吸附;比表面积和储气温度控制着储气容量.甲烷在干纳米碳管上的吸附机理与氢气相同,但在湿纳米碳管中的存储机理在于甲烷水合物的生成,因此孔容控制储气容量.单位质量多壁管的湿储容量是干储容量的5.1倍 ,单壁管可能产生更大的增强存储作用.     

Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Sepiolite as Catalyst Carrier

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene at 750℃ over sepiolite powder,which was treated with aqueous cobalt nitrate. It is expected that the composite with high specific area will have high capacity of hydrogen storage.     

微波等离子体化学气相沉积法低温制备直纳米碳管膜

Among the three main methods for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)， chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has received a great deal of attention since CNTs can be synthesized at significantly low temperature. Plasma chemical vapor deposition methods can synthesize CNTs at lower temperature than thermal CVD. But in the usual catalytic growth of CNTs by CVD， CNTs are often tangled together and have some defects. These will limit the property research and potential applications. How to synthesize the straight CNTs at low temperature becomes a challenging issue. In this letter， straight carbon nanotube (CNT) films were achieved by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MWPCVD) catalyzed by round Fe-Co-Ni alloy particles on Ni substrate at 610℃. It was found that， in our experimental condition， the uniform growth rate along the circumference of round alloy particles plays a very important role in the growth of straight CNT films. And because the substrate is conducting， the straight CNT films grown at low temperature may have the benefit for property research and offer the possibility to use them in the future applications.     

Determination the Hydrogen Stored in Carbon Nanotubes by NO Titration Method

With the diminution of fossil fuel resources and the increase in pollution, energy and environment have become a public concern. Mankind is in need of a new but clean energy resource. The use of hydrogen appears to be the answer. One of the technical challenges in hydrogen utilization is H2-storage. At present, materials for storing hydrogen are alloys such as LaNi5 and FeTi; the storage capacity is around 1.4 wt%, too low for practical application. Another problem with these alloys is…     

Production of Carbon Nanotubes on Different Metal Supported Catalysts

Multiwall carbon nanotubes have been prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method in high yield using various metals supported on different supports. Measurements by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of high quality nanotubes on each catalyst, however, comparing the different catalysts in nanotube production it can be stated that beyond metals, the support also affects both the quality and the quantity of nanotubes.     

定向多壁碳纳米管电化学储氢研究

利用恒流充放电、循环伏安曲线(CV)和电化学阻抗技术(EIS)等方法对定向多壁碳纳米管(AMWCNTs)储氢的电化学行为及其储氢机制进行了探讨.研究表明,定向AMWCNTs-Cu电极有较高的电化学储氢性能,其储氢容量在1500mA/g的电流密度下可以达到1162mA·h/g.定向AMWCNTs的电化学储氢能力强与其空间结构有关,而铜粉的加入有利于提高碳纳米管的电催化反应表面积和电极电化学反应活性,有利于氢在碳纳米管中扩散,从而提高了碳纳米管电极材料的储氢量.     

Structural Study of Micro and Nanotubes Synthesized by Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

The structures of micro and nanotubes obtained by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, hold onto silicon (Si) substrates, are reported in this work. The tubes fabrication experiments were carried out by Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (RTCVD) using propane (C₃H₈) as carbon (C) precursor. Selection of parameters such as temperature of deposition, vacuum conditions or surface cleaning leads to the creation of tubular structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray measurements (EDX) are the microbeam techniques that allow to characterize the tubes found in the studied specimens. Different tube configurations such as isolated nanorods, Y-type junctions or fiber-like layers are evidenced. Metallic catalysis seems to be the mechanism involved in the wires formation since Fe particles are present inside the CNT tubes. Other poly-crystalline inclusions are also evidenced by SAED. The composition of the nanotubes changes from tip to tail in an amorphous matrix. The growth mechanisms leading to tube formation are described.     

一种基于碳纳米管的安培型过氧化氢生物传感器

利用硫堇(th ion ine,Th i)作为介体结合多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)、壳聚糖(ch itosan,CH IT)、辣根过氧化酶(HRP)的混合包埋物制作过氧化氢(H2O2)生物传感器。研究结果表明所得传感器对H2O2具有明显的增敏效应,线性范围为0.03~5.5 mmol/L,相关系数为0.9995;检出限为19μmol/L(S/N=3),具有良好的稳定性及工作寿命。