Influence of crystallite size and shape on the viscous magnetization of λ-Fe2O3 particles

The usefulness of the normalized thermal fluctuation field in magnetic granulometry is confirmed with data for λ-Fe₂O₃ and CrO₂. The variation of the normalized fluctuation field with crystallite diameter in the λ-Fe₂O₃ follows a similar trend for both isometric and longitudinal crystallite growth even though in the second case the diameter is not a good guide to the volume of the crystallites. This suggests that the smallest dimension of the crystallite rather than its volume is critical for the activation volume; after correction for the differences in coercivity a long, thin particle is more subject to thermal activation than a short, thick one of the same volume.     

γ-Fe_2O_3/NiO核-壳纳米花的合成、微结构与磁性

利用溶剂热/热分解的方法合成出微结构可控的γ-Fe_2O_3/NiO核-壳结构纳米花.分析表明NiO壳层是由单晶结构的纳米片构成,这些纳米片不规则地镶嵌在γ-Fe_2O_3核心的表面.Fe3O4/Ni(OH)_2前驱体的煅烧时间对γ-Fe_2O_3/NiO核-壳体系的晶粒生长、NiO相含量和壳层致密度均有很大的影响.振动样品磁强计和超导量子干涉仪的测试分析表明,尺寸效应、NiO相含量和铁磁-反铁磁界面耦合效应是决定γ-Fe_2O_3/NiO核-壳纳米花磁性能的重要因素.随着NiO相含量的增加,磁化强度减小,矫顽力增大.在5 K下,γ-Fe_2O_3/NiO核-壳纳米花表现出一定的交换偏置效应(H_E=46 Oe),这来自于(亚)铁磁性γ-Fe_2O_3和反铁磁性NiO之间的耦合相互作用.与此同时,这种交换耦合效应也进一步提高了样品的矫顽力(H_C=288 Oe).     

超细颗粒γ-Fe2O3微粉包钴前后的各向异性

本工作利用穆斯堡尔谱并配合其它研究手段,测量了超细γ-Fe₂O₃微粉在包钴和不包钴两种情况下的各向异性常数K;观察到前者比后者的各向异性常数K增加30％左右。对普通针状包钴型γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉矫顽力增大的原因提供了进一步的说明。 关键词：     

包钴铁氧体型γ-Fe2O3磁粉穆斯堡尔效应的研究

包钴铁氧体型,γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉(简记为CoFe-γ-Fe₂O₃)是针状γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉与Co⁺⁺和Fe⁺⁺溶液起反应,在每个针状颗粒上包覆了一层钴铁氧体固溶体。经此种方法处理后的γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉的矫顽力及其它磁特性有较大的提高。如矫顽力由原来415Oe增加到715Oe;剩磁和矫顽力随时间及温度变化小等。我们利用穆斯堡尔效应并配合其它研究手段进行了研究,认为:CoFe-γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉矫顽力的提高,主要是由于γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉表面包覆了一层钴铁氧体固溶体,γ-Fe₂O₃与钴铁氧体固溶体之间发生磁耦合作用之故。 关键词：     

包钴对α-Fe2O3粉末Morin相变的影响

用穆斯堡尔谱,磁性测量,中子衍射和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对纯的和包钴α-Fe₂O₃粉末Morin相变的影响以及有关性质进行了研究,发现包钴会使α-Fe₂O₃的Morin温度降低,相变温度的区域扩大,矫顽力明显增大,3d能带变化,假设包钴可使α-Fe₂O₃的单离子各向异性常数K_FS下降来解释上述实验结果。 关键词：     

AgI(α-Fe2O3)复合离子导体相转变温度相互影响的研究

通过测量AgI(α-Fe₂O₃)复合离子导体的直流和交流电导率,发现α-Fe₂O₃的Morin转变温度随着AgI含量的增加而降低,电导率测量的结果与磁化率测量和M?ssbauer谱测量结果定性的符合。α-Fe₂O₃也使AgI的α→β相转变温度显著下降。结果表明复合离子导体二相材料各自存在的相转变温度彼此产生影响。 关键词：     

Structure and optical properties of sol–gel derived Gd2O3 waveguide films

Pure and rare earth doped gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) waveguide films were prepared by a simple sol–gel process and dip-coating method. Gd₂O₃ was successfully synthesized by hydrolysis of gadolinium acetate. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to study the thermal chemistry properties of dried gel. Structure of Gd₂O₃ films annealed at different temperature ranging from 400 to 750 °C were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that Gd₂O₃ starts crystallizing at about 400 °C and the crystallite size increases with annealing temperature. Oriented growth of (4 0 0) face of Gd₂O₃ has been observed when the films were deposited on (1 0 0) Si substrate and annealed at 750 °C. The laser beam (λ=632.8 nm) was coupled into the film by a prism coupler and propagation loss of the film measured by scattering-detection method is about 2 dB/cm. Luminescence properties of europium ions doped films were measured and are discussed.     

高温高压方法合成碳包覆γ-Fe_2O_3纳米棒及其磁学性能

采用高温高压(HPHT)方法,以水热法制备的聚乙烯醇包覆FeOOH纳米棒为前驱体,合成了碳包覆γ-Fe2O3纳米棒.通过使用多种表征方法,研究了HPHT过程中合成温度对样品结构和形貌的影响,并对样品的生长机理进行了探讨.利用振动样品磁强计测量了样品的室温磁学性质.实验结果表明,反应温度为400?C,压强为1 GPa条件下制备的碳包覆γ-Fe2O3纳米棒具有较高的长径比(直径约为20 nm,长度约为150 nm),矫顽力可达到330 Oe(1 Oe=79.5775 A/m).该方法为制备具有核壳结构的一维纳米材料提供了新思路.     

Self-assembly of β-Ga2O3 nanobelts

Self-assembly of β-Ga₂O₃ (beta-gallium oxide) nanobelts with diameters of 50–100 nm and lengths of tens to hundreds of microns have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Under appropriate conditions such as nanobelts concentration, controlled solvent evaporation, β-Ga₂O₃ nanobelts assemble into a fan-like structure on the substrate. A tendency of these nanobelts to align parallel to each other was also observed. The mechanism behind the formation of self-assembly of β-Ga₂O₃ nanobelts has been proposed on the basis of lateral capillary forces.     

Frequency, field, and temperature dependence of the AC penetration depth of a GdBa2Cu3O7−δ film in the mixed state

We report on a systematic mutual induction measurement of the complex AC penetration depth λ of a sputtered high-quality GdBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ film in the mixed state by a very small coil system arranged near the sample surface. The complex penetration depth λ(B, T, ω) for DC inductions B 0.65 T (perpendicular to the film), for temperatures 36 K T 81 K, and for frequencies 1 kHz ω/2π 500 kHz was determined from the measured signal by a novel inversion scheme. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions based upon single vortex pinning. The Labusch parameter , the flux creep relaxation time τ, as well as the effective activation energy U are simulateneously determined.     

Molecular dynamics analysis of impurity ions behavior in β″-Al2O3

The effects of foreign impurity ions in the conduction plane on the β″-Al₂O₃ lattice have been analyzed by molecular dynamics. As impurity ions, K and Ca ions were chosen and Na sites in the conduction plane were replaced with these ions. Results are summarized as follows: (1) The β″-Al₂O₃ lattice expands perpendicular to the conduction plane when K ions are doped; (2) Ca ions do not contribute to expansions of the β″-Al₂O₃ lattice; (3) both K and Ca ions reduce the mean square displacement of Na ions, which can be attributed to decreased Na ion diffusion.     

Study of the interfacial structure and chemistry of CVD κ-Al2O3/TiC multilayer coatings

This article describes the interfacial regions in CVD grown TiC/κ-Al₂O₃ multilayers. A number of microanalytical techniques were used including HREM, EDX and EELS. Occasionally, the first 50 nm of the alumina layers deposited on the intermediate TiC layers grew as a cubic alumina, heavily faulted, containing small amounts of sulphur (S), maybe as a stabiliser. The presence of slightly rounded TiC (111) facets may act as preferred nucleation sites for the cubic Al₂O₃ phase, with a ‘cube on cube’ orientation relationship. In this way the nucleation of κ-Al₂O₃ is less favourable. After some tens of nanometres the cubic phase cannot be stabilised any longer and the layer continues to grow as κ-Al₂O₃. A number of observations point towards the reaction zone (RZ) being η- and/or γ-Al₂O₃. The diffraction work and the FFT analysis of the HREM images show that the RZ is an fcc phase with a=7.9 Å, which matches with η- and γ-Al₂O₃. The EELS Al fine structure indicate more tetrahedral Al ions than in κ-Al₂O₃, as in η- and γ-Al₂O₃. The RZ contains small amounts of S, as has been reported for γ-Al₂O₃. Due to the structural similarities between η- and γ-Al₂O₃ it was not possible to determine which of these cubic phases is present in the RZ.     

Realization and properties of ramp-type YBa2Cu3O7−δ/Au/Nb junctions

All-thin-film ramp type Josephson junctions between YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ and Nb have been fabricated. This procedure allows connections between high-T_c and low-T_c superconductors at different crystal sides of the high-T_c superconductor on one chip, which is of great interest for novel phase devices. A thin Au layer is incorporated as a chemical barrier to avoid oxygen transfer from the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ to the Nb. Critical current densities up to 600 A/cm² are obtained at T=4.2 K, with typical R_nA values of 0.8 μΩ cm². The variation of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current with the angle between the junction barrier and the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ crystal axes is explained by considering a predominant d_x²−y² order parameter symmetry of the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ. The successful fabrication of these junctions allows the implementation of novel superconducting electronics, such as complementary Josephson circuitry or proposed qubit concepts, using the unconventional order parameter symmetry of the high-T_c superconductor.     

包钴型γ-Fe2O3磁粉的穆斯堡尔谱研究

用穆斯堡尔谱学并配合宏观手段,研究不同工艺条件下的包钴型γ-Fe₂O₃磁粉以及扩样试验磁粉,将不同工艺下磁粉矫顽力的变化与微观结构联系起来。 关键词：     

Low-temperature AC conductivity of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

We report measurements of anamolously large dissipative conductivities, σ₁, in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ at low temperatures. We have measured the complex conductivity of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ thin films at 100–600 GHz as a function of doping from the underdoped to the overdoped state. At low temperatures there exists a residual σ₁ which scales with the T=0 superfluid density as the doping is varied. This residual σ₁ is larger than the possible contribution to σ₁ from a thermal population of quasiparticles (QP) at the d-wave gap nodes.     

Preparation and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu4O8

Samples of YBa₂Cu₄O₈ are prepared by means of a new high oxygen pressure technique employing oxygen-HIP. Both magnetization and resistivity measurements show the superconductivity transition at 82.5 K. The lower and upper critical fields of YBa₂Cu₄O₈ are obtained from the magnetization measurements. The Ginzburg-Landau parameters, ζ(0)=17 Å, λ(0)=2400 Å, are estimated from these results.     

Phase segregation of LixMn2O4 (0.6<x<1) in non-equilibrium reduction processes

Chemical synthesis routes to Li_xMn₂O₄ (0.15≤x≤1) in non-equilibrium reduction processes were developed to carry out detailed structural analysis. Non-equilibrium Li_xMn₂O₄ (0.15≤x≤1) samples were prepared by chemical lithiation of λ-MnO₂ with LiI for 24 h; longer than 1 week was needed to reach true equilibrium at room temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The phase diagram was different from that in the equilibrium state; three cubic phases (phases A, B and C) were observed for Li_xMn₂O₄ (0.15≤x≤1). There were two regions of two-phase coexistence: the region of 0.25<x<0.55 (phase B+phase C) and 0.6<x<1.0 (phase A+phase B). In the compositional range of 0.6<x<1.0, the lattice constants of phases A and B change with the lithium composition, this indicates that it is a structural anomaly with a metastable two-phase character in non-equilibrium reduction processes.     

表面效应对γ-Fe2O3微粉饱和磁化强度的影响

我们制备了直径为80—700A的γ-Fe₂O₃微粉,测量了它的比饱和磁化强度σ_s和比表面积S_a,得出经验公式:σ_s(s=σ_s(∞)(1—aS_a)。假定微粉由两部分组成:第一部分是表面层,在磁场的作用下,它的磁矩只能转到与磁场成某个角度;第二部分是内部,它的磁矩可以转到磁场的方向。从这个简单的模型出发,上述的经验公式可以得到较好的解释。 关键词：     

The crystallographic symmetries of single BaPb1−xBixO3 crystals grown from BaCO3-PbO2-Bi2O3 solutions

Single crystals of Perovskite-type oxide BaPb_1−xBi_xO₃ are grown from BaCO₃-PbO₂-Bi₂O₃ solutions which are weighed in two kinds of mixing ratios: X/2 mol % BaCO₃ − (100−X) mol % PbO₂ − X/2 mol % Bi₂O₃ and (10+X/2) mol % BaCO₃ − (90−X) mol % PbO₂ − X/2 mol % Bi₂O₃ These room temperature crystal structures are examined by using an X-ray powder diffraction method. The crystals grown from X/2−(100−X)−X/2 mol % solutions are orthorhombic at room temperature, while the structures are tetragonal with crystals grown from relatively Ba rich and Pb poor ( (10+X/2)−(90−X)−X/2 mol % ) solutions. This result indicates that the difference in the mixing ratio of the initial materials brings about a drastic structural change. The orthorhombic and the tetragonal crystals of x0.25 exhibit superconducting transition at 10K and 12K, respectively. The transition temperature in the latter is 2K higher than the former. In the light of this result, some difference between orthorhombic and tetragonal crystals is considered to influence superconductivity in this system.     

超声强化合成MgFe2O4纳米颗粒及其机理研究

用超声水解方法制备MgO纳米颗粒,用化学沉淀法制备α-Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒,将MgO/α-Fe₂O₃混合体常温下超声活化2h,400℃固相合成制备出MgFe₂O₄纳米颗粒.通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜测试产品的化学成分、晶体结构和形貌尺寸,分析声化学反应机理及其影响因素.研究结果表明:所制备的MgFe₂O₄为尖晶石铁氧体,颗粒尺寸分布在20-30nm之间,粒度分布均匀;超声空化效应提高了化学反应活性、增加反应物的比表面积和反应物之间的接触面积,促进固相合成反应速度,降低反应温度,实现了一般条件下难以完成的化学反应.