基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱和热裂解色谱／质谱研究聚酯 …

聚酯型聚氨酯样品用基体辅助激光裂解离子化质谱（ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦ／ＭＳ）和热裂解色谱质谱（ＰＹＧＣ／ＭＳ）方法进行了鉴定,ＰＹＧＣ／ＭＳ方法可检出ＰＵ的一些组成单元的化学结构,但ＰＹＧＣ／ＭＳ中大多数的峰,无法从常规的标准化合物的质谱数据库中检索到,而ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＭＳ方法,可明确测出ＰＵ试样各种单元的组合、聚合度及ＰＵ长链的序列分布,质量数范围可达２３００。     

基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时时质谱和热裂解色谱/质谱研究聚酯型聚氨酯链结构

聚酯型聚氨酯样品用基体辅助激光裂解离子化质谱（ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦ／ＭＳ）和热裂解色谱质谱（ＰＹＧＣ／ＭＳ）方法进行了鉴定,ＰＹＧＣ／ＭＳ方法可检出ＰＵ的一些组成单元的化学结构,但ＰＹＧＣＩＭＳ中大多数的峰,无法从常规的标准化合物的质谱数据库中检索到,而ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＭＳ方法,可明确测出ＰＵ试样各种单元的组合、聚合度及ＰＵ长链的序列分布,质量数范围可达2300.     

24种安眠镇静药物的气相色谱及气相色谱－质谱系统分析

建立了２４种安眠镇静药物的气相色谱（ＧＣ）及气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）系统分离分析方法。该法在选定的色谱条件下，能将２４种安眠镇静药物很好地分离，互不干扰。采用内标法定量，其线性范围在０～２４μｇ／ｍＬ血，最小检出浓度为０．１～０．４μｇ／ｍＬ血。用所建的ＧＣ方法对１１例中毒病人的生物样品进行分析鉴定，ＧＣ－ＭＳ法验证。从实际中证明所建方法操作简便，准确性和系统性强，灵敏度较高，能快速、准确地为医院的救治提供依据。     

气相色谱/质谱/质谱法分析石油基引燃物

应用Ｖａｒｉａｎ ３８００ ＧＣ／Ｓａｔｕｒｎ ２０００ ＭＳ 气相色谱／质谱联用分析仪（简称ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ）对以汽油、煤渍和紫油为引燃物，燃烧聚丙稀化纤地毯和土壤时的模拟现场物品进行了引燃物的检出。发现采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ方法比用ＧＣ／ＭＳ方法可以较彻底地排队由于柱注失、地毯燃物分解产物、土壤背景产物和地毯增塑剂等引起的干扰，而且可以提高检测灵敏度。详细考察了以不同质荷比的离子作母离子时对ＧＣ     

24种安眠镇静药物的气相色谱及气相色谱－质谱系统分析

 建立了２４种安眠镇静药物的气相色谱（ＧＣ）及气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）系统分离分析方法。该法在选定的色谱条件下，能将２４种安眠镇静药物很好地分离，互不干扰。采用内标法定量，其线性范围在０～２４μｇ／ｍＬ血，最小检出浓度为０．１～０．４μｇ／ｍＬ血。用所建的ＧＣ方法对１１例中毒病人的生物样品进行分析鉴定，ＧＣ－ＭＳ法验证。从实际中证明所建方法操作简便，准确性和系统性强，灵敏度较高，能快速、准确地为医院的救治提供依据。     

安眠镇静药物的串联质谱分析方法

气相色谱以及气相色谱／质谱联用经常被用来分析生物体液样品中的药物。用这些方法分析时，需要在色谱分析前，进行长时间的样品制备和衍生化过程。本文描述了用地识别１６安眠镇静药物的ＥＩ／ＭＳ／ＭＳ过程，并且对两例服毒自杀者的尿样进行了检测。     

20种安眠镇静药物的系统分析

建立了ＧＣ－ＮＰＤ双柱法对二十种安眠镇静药物的系统分析方法。该法操作简便,系统性强,重复性好,灵敏度高,药物的最小检出浓度为１０～１００ｎｇ／ｍＬ血浆。采用两种不同极性的色谱柱对药物进行分析鉴定,保证了在无ＧＣ－ＭＳ验证的情况下,检测结果的可靠性。用本法分析八例临床中毒样品,取得了令人满意的效果。     

用多维色谱—稳定同位素稀释质谱联用技术测定酒中氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了一个用多维色谱／质谱方法（ＧＣ／ＧＣ／ＭＳ），结合同位素稀释技术（ＩＤＭＳ），测量酒中致癌物质－氨基甲酸乙酯（ＥＣ）的准确方法，主要步骤如下：向精确称取的样品中，加入精确称取为，以＾１３Ｃ，＾１５Ｎ标记的氨基甲酸乙酯（ＬＥＣ）内标溶液，试样经调节，ｐＨ萃取，浓缩等化学前处理步骤后，进行ＧＣ／ＧＣ／ＣＩＭＳ测定。测量以ＧＣ／ＧＣ的中心切割技术排除复杂基体的干扰。以化学电离（ＣＩ）和选择性子检测     

用GC－MS法测定尿中可待因及其代谢物的浓度

建立了用ＧＣ－ＭＳ（ＳＩＭ）内标定量法快速测定人尿中可待因及其代谢物浓度的方法。样品经酸水解、乙醚／异丙醇提取，用ＭＳＴＦＡ－ＭＢＴＦＡ衍生化后进样于ＧＣ－ＭＳＤ，方法灵敏、准确，可用于监测吸毒者尿中可待因、吗啡类药物的浓度。本法已经受ＩＯＣ的１９９２年水平考试的考验。     

用GC—MS法测定尿中可待因及其代谢物的浓度

建立了用ＧＣ－ＭＳ（ＳＩＭ）内标定量法快速测定人尿中可待因及其代谢物浓度的方法，样品经酸水解、乙醚／异丙醇提取，用ＭＳＴＦＡ－ＭＢＴＦＡ衍生化后进样于ＧＣ－ＭＳＤ，方法灵敏、准确，可用于监测吸毒者尿中可待因，吗啡类药物的浓度。本法已经受ＩＯＣ的１９９２年水平考试的考验。     

Application of headspace GC/MS screening and general parameters for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater samples

Groundwater samples from a former gas plant site were investigated by headspace GC/MS and general parameters with regard to organic pollution. The contamination plume was distinguished from background with GC/MS headspace and dissolved organic carbon analyses. Headspace GC/MS analyses of these samples revealed the presence of several aromatic and heterocyclic compounds typical to coal tar leachates. Selected ion monitoring GC/MS was used to establish the relative contamination level of seven selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from 9 sampling wells. Three wells showed a high contamination level and therefore, they could be attributed to the vicinity of contamination sources. Well samples downgradient from the pollution source showed decreasing contamination levels for all compounds except acenaphthene.     

Trace determination of alpha- and beta-endosulfan and three metabolites in human serum by gas chromatography electron capture detection and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Endosufan, alpha and beta, and three conversion products, sulphate, ether and lactone, were simultaneously determined in human serum by means of an analytical procedure which combines extraction with organic solvents, clean-up with H(2)SO(4) and by liquid column chromatography, and detection by gas chromatography (GC) using electron capture detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The procedure was validated and the values of some merit figures, such as linear range, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision and recovery, obtained with the GC/ECD and the GC/MS/MS methods, were compared. The lower limits of detection in GC/ECD and GC/MS/MS were 0.03 and 0.05 microg I(-1), respectively. The recovery of the pesticides at the 20 microg I(-1) concentration level was 60-65%, with the exception of endosufan alpha. Recovery studies at higher levels (100 and 200 microg I(-1)) were independent of pesticide concentration in serum samples. The application of the proposed analytical methodology to the determination of endosulfans and their metabolites in real samples was tested by analyzing serum samples from a population living in agricultural areas of Almeria (Spain). The results show the advantage of MS/MS over the ECD detector in the analysis of serum samples where matrix interferences can be confused with target pesticides.     

Determination of residual solvents in bulk pharmaceuticals by thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Thermal desorption (TD) techniques followed by capillary GC/MS were applied for the analysis of residual solvents in bulk pharmaceuticals. Solvents desorbed from samples by heating were cryofocused at the head of a capillary column prior to GC/MS analysis. This method requires a very small amount of sample and no sample pretreatment. Desorption temperature was set at the point about 20 degrees C higher than the melting point of each sample individually. The relative standard deviations of this method tested by performing six consecutive analyses of 8 different samples were 1.1 to 3.1%, and analytical results of residual solvents were in agreement with those obtained by direct injection of N,N-dimethylformamide solution of the samples into the GC. This novel TD/GC/MS method was demonstrated to be very useful for the identification and quantification of residual solvents in bulk pharmaceuticals.     

Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the measurement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in human urine

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was developed to quantitatively measure 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in human urine. Samples were diluted (1:5) with phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween and 0.02% sodium azide, with analysis by a 96-microwell plate immunoassay format. No clean up was required as dilution step minimized sample interferences. Fifty urine samples were received without identifiers from a subset of pesticide applicators and their spouses in an EPA pesticide exposure study (PES) and analyzed by the ELISA method and a conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedure. For the GC/MS analysis, urine samples were extracted with acidic dichloromethane (DCM); methylated by diazomethane and fractionated by a Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) column prior to GC/MS detection. The percent relative standard deviation (%R.S.D.) of the 96-microwell plate triplicate assays ranged from 1.2 to 22% for the urine samples. Day-to-day variation of the assay results was within ±20%. Quantitative recoveries (>70%) of 2,4-D were obtained for the spiked urine samples by the ELISA method. Quantitative recoveries (>80%) of 2,4-D were also obtained for these samples by the GC/MS procedure. The overall method precision of these samples was within ±20% for both the ELISA and GC/MS methods. The estimated quantification limit for 2,4-D in urine was 30 ng/mL by ELISA and 0.2 ng/mL by GC/MS. A higher quantification limit for the ELISA method is partly due to the requirement of a 1:5 dilution to remove the urine sample matrix effect. The GC/MS method can accommodate a 10:1 concentration factor (10 mL of urine converted into 1 mL organic solvent for analysis) but requires extraction, methylation and clean up on a solid phase column. The immunoassay and GC/MS data were highly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.94 and a slope of 1.00. Favorable results between the two methods were achieved despite the vast differences in sample preparation. Results indicated that the ELISA method could be used as a high throughput, quantitative monitoring tool for human urine samples to identify individuals with exposure to 2,4-D above the typical background levels.     

Comparison of different mass spectrometry techniques in the measurement of L‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine incorporation into mixed muscle proteins

Precise measurement of low enrichment of stable isotope labeled amino‐acid tracers in tissue samples is a prerequisite in measuring tissue protein synthesis rates. The challenge of this analysis is augmented when small sample size is a critical factor. Muscle samples from human participants following an 8 h intravenous infusion of L‐[ring‐¹³C₆]phenylalanine and a bolus dose of L‐[ring‐¹³C₆]phenylalanine in a mouse were utilized. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), gas chromatography (GC) MS/MS and GC/MS were compared to the GC‐combustion‐isotope ratio MS (GC/C/IRMS), to measure mixed muscle protein enrichment of [ring‐¹³C₆]phenylalanine enrichment. The sample isotope enrichment ranged from 0.0091 to 0.1312 molar percent excess. As compared with GC/C/IRMS, LC/MS/MS, GC/MS/MS and GC/MS showed coefficients of determination of R² = 0.9962 and R² = 0.9942, and 0.9217 respectively. However, the precision of measurements (coefficients of variation) for intra‐assay are 13.0%, 1.7%, 6.3% and 13.5% and for inter‐assay are 9.2%, 3.2%, 10.2% and 25% for GC/C/IRMS, LC/MS/MS, GC/MS/MS and GC/MS, respectively. The muscle sample sizes required to obtain these results were 8 µg, 0.8 µg, 3 µg and 3 µg for GC/C/IRMS, LC/MS/MS, GC/MS/MS and GC/MS, respectively. We conclude that LC/MS/MS is optimally suited for precise measurements of L‐[ring‐¹³C₆]phenylalanine tracer enrichment in low abundance and in small quantity samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of anabolic steroids in hair by GC/MS/MS

A simple and sensitive gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) method is described for the detection of anabolic steroids, usually found in keratin matrix at very low concentrations. Hair samples from seven athletes who spontaneously reported their abuse of anabolic steroids, and in a single case cocaine, were analyzed for methyltestosterone, nandrolone, boldenone, fluoxymesterolone, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine. Anabolic steroids were determinate by digestion of hair samples in 1 m NaOH for 15 min at 95 degrees C. After cooling, samples were purificated by solid-phase and liquid-liquid extraction, then anabolic steroids were converted to their trimethylsilyl derivative and finally analyzed by GC/MS/MS. For detection of cocaine and benzoylecgonine, hair samples were extracted with methanol in an ultrasonic bath for 2 h at 56 degrees C then overnight in a thermostatic bath at the same temperature. After the incubation, methanol was evaporated to dryness, and benzoylecgonine was converted to its trimethylsilyl derivative prior of GC/MS/MS analysis. Results obtained are in agreement with the athletes' reports, confirming that hair is a valid biological matrix to establish long-term intake of drugs.     

Identification of volatiles from pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) pulp by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Combining qualitative data from the chromatographic structure of 2-D gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC×GC-FID) and that from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) should result in a more accurate assignment of the peak identities than the simple analysis by GC/MS, where coelution of analytes is unavoidable in highly complex samples (rendering spectra unsuitable for qualitative purposes) or for compounds in very low concentrations. Using data from GC×GC-FID combined with GC/MS can reveal coelutions that were not detected by mass spectra deconvolution software. In addition, some compounds can be identified according to the structure of the GC×GC-FID chromatogram. In this article, the volatile fractions of fresh and dehydrated pineapple pulp were evaluated. The extraction of the volatiles was performed by dynamic headspace extraction coupled to solid-phase microextraction (DHS-SPME), a technique appropriate for slurries or solid matrices. Extracted analytes were then analyzed by GC×GC-FID and GC/MS. The results obtained using both techniques were combined to improve compound identifications.     

利用GC/MS测定海洋中贻贝、牡蛎体内的多环芳烃

应用毛细管柱气相色谱／质谱（GC／MS）联用技术对贻贝,牡蛎体内的几种多环芳烃含量进行了分析研究,贻贝,牡蛎样品经超声提取,层析分离后,由GC／MS测定,采用选择性离子检测模式,定性,定量检出了几种多环芳烃。     

Global and selective detection of organohalogens in environmental samples by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

We successfully detected halogenated compounds from several kinds of environmental samples by using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (GC×GC-MS/MS). For the global detection of organohalogens, fly ash sample extracts were directly measured without any cleanup process. The global and selective detection of halogenated compounds was achieved by neutral loss scans of chlorine, bromine and/or fluorine using an MS/MS. It was also possible to search for and identify compounds using two-dimensional mass chromatograms and mass profiles obtained from measurements of the same sample with a GC×GC-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HRTofMS) under the same conditions as those used for the GC×GC-MS/MS. In this study, novel software tools were also developed to help find target (halogenated) compounds in the data provided by a GC×GC-HRTofMS. As a result, many dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and many other halogenated compounds were found in fly ash extract and sediment samples. By extracting the desired information, which concerned organohalogens in this study, from huge quantities of data with the GC×GC-HRTofMS, we reveal the possibility of realizing the total global detection of compounds with one GC measurement of a sample without any pre-treatment.     

Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry metabonomic platform for the global profiling of urinary metabolites

This paper presents a simple and reliable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the metabonomic analysis of human urine samples. The sample preparation involved the depletion of excess urea via treatment with urease and subsequent protein precipitation using ice-cold ethanol. An aliquot of the mixture was separated, dried, trimethylsilyl (TMS)-derivatized and 1.0 microL of the derivatized extract was injected into the GC/MS system via split injection (1:10). Approximately 150 putative metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were identified from the pooled human urine samples. All the identified metabolites were selected to evaluate precision and stability of the GC/MS assay. More than 95% of the metabolites demonstrated good reproducibility, with intra-day and inter-day precision values below 15%. Metabolic profiling of 53 healthy male and female urine samples in combination with pattern recognition techniques was performed to further validate the GC/MS metabolite profiling assay. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) revealed differences between urinary metabolite profiles of healthy male and female subjects. This validated GC/MS metabolic profiling method may be further applied to the metabonomic screening of urinary biomarkers in clinical studies. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.