甾体植物生长调节剂合成研究31: 甲烷磺酰胺对(22E)-甾体不饱和侧链的锇催化的不对称双羟化反应的影响

本文报道甲烷磺酰胺用于油菜甾体不饱和侧链的锇催化的不对称双羟化反应。结果使具有 △^2^(^3^)化合物。例如8和12反应速度明显加快, 对映选择性未受明显影响。降低OsO~4及配体用量, 对映选择性和反应速度明显降低。比较几种不同配体, 表明两个易得的DHQD-PHN和DHQD-NAP是最好的配体。改进后的方法适宜于高立体选择性构成油菜甾体的侧链。     

甾体植物生长调节剂合成研究——31.甲烷磺酰胺对(22E)-甾体不饱和侧链的饿催化的不对称双羟化反应的影响

本文报道甲烷磺酰胺用于油菜甾体不饱和侧链的锇催化的不对称双羟化反应,结果使具有△~2化合物,例如8和12反应速度明显加快,对映选择性未受明显影.降低OsO_4及配体用量,对映选择性和反应速度明显降低.比较几种不同配体,表明两个易得的DHQD—PHN和DHQD—NAP是最好的配体 改进后的方法适宜于高立体选择性构成油菜甾体的侧链.     

甾体植物生长调节剂的研究——ⅩⅩⅩ.新23-羧基油菜甾体的立体选择性合成

从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性合成新的23-羧基油菜甾体6和7。关键步骤是11和14的α,β-不饱和酯侧链经OsO_4催化不对称双羟化而高立体选择性地引入天然(22R,23S)-22,23-双羟基。     

四氧化锇催化的不对称双羟基化反应

本文综述了近年来四氧化锇催化不对称双羟基化的研究进展。在诸多改进的方法中以铁氰化钾为共氧化剂和以金鸡纳生物碱酯为手性配体的OsO_4催化不对称双羟化为最好,对映体过量一般在90%以上,化学产率为80—95%,我们首次将这个不对称双羟化用于构成植物生长调节剂油菜甾体的双羟基侧链,获得令人满意的结果。     

甾体不对称合成的研究

(一)2-烷基-2-(3'-乙二醇缩酮丁基)-1,3-环戊二酮的不对称还原 甾体不对称全合成中一个重要中间体2可以由三酮化合物1经微生物不对称还原而得。为避免1在还原时所得的桥环副产物8,我们先将三酮1用乙二醇选择性地保护侧链羰基成3,然后将3用啤酒酵母还原,得到了光学活性化合物4而未分离到8。     

仲醇类对映体衍生物在全甲基β-环糊精上的拆分研究

39种仲醇类化合物衍生物在全甲基β-环糊精上得到拆分,并进一步讨论了衍生基团,手性碳在碳链上的位置,碳链的长度等因素对对映体选择性的影响规律。发现在所拆分的仲醇类对映体中,异丁酰化衍生物的对映体选择性明显变差。     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究——Ⅻ.一个构成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物侧链的新方法

本文报道从猪去氧胆酸出发,通过呋喃负离子与22-甾醛的反应以构成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物侧链,获得了一个合成油菜甾醇内酯及其一类物的关键中间体。     

具有生理活性甾体金属配合物的研究进展

按照金属离子与甾体配体之间的连接方式对甾体金属配合物进行分类。综述了近年来合成的甾体金属配合物及其抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种生理活性研究进展,并对此类化合物发展趋势、应用前景作出展望。     

对映体选择性配体交换膜的制备和DL-氨基酸的拆分

制备了一种新型光学分离膜,即带有Ｌ－脯氨酸手性选择子的交联聚乙烯醇膜,考察了ＤＬ－酪氨酸,ＤＬ－苯丙氨酸和ＤＬ－色氨酸通过膜的对映体选择性渗透性能。发现Ｌ－氨基酸优先透过膜,消旋氨基酸透过膜的对映体拆分机理类似于手性配体交换色谱方法拆分消旋氨基酸的机理,在ＤＬ－氨基酸的对映体选择性膜透过中,对映体选择性吸附着重要的作用。     

一种新的甾体植物生长促进剂

美国农业部的科学家已提纯和鉴定了第一个能加速植物生长的甾体化合物。这种为发现者命名为 bras-sinolide 的甾体化合物,可从 brassin 中分离得到,它是油菜花粉中的提取物。这个化合物之所以特别引人注     

2,2′-Diindolylmethane. VI (1). NMR-spektroskopische untersuchungen an chiralen und achiralen 2,2′-diindolylmethanen mit tryptophanester-strukturelement

The symmetric properties of some new 2,2′-diindolylmethanes with chiral centers in the sidechains were investigated on the NMR time scale. Shift experiments of the chiral 2,2′-diindolylmethanediesters 1a in the presence of 3,3,3-trifluor-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid were discussed.     

Enantioselective reduction of α-substituted ketones mediated by the boronate ester TarB-NO2

A facile and mild reduction procedure is reported for the preparation of chiral secondary alcohols prepared from α-substituted ketones using sodium borohydride and the chiral boronate ester (l)-TarB-NO₂. Direct reduction of substituted ketones bearing Lewis basic heteroatoms generally provided secondary alcohols of only modest enantiomeric excess likely due to either competition between the target carbonyl and the functionalized sidechains at the Lewis acidic boron atom in TarB-NO₂ or the added steric bulk of the α-sidechain. As an alternative method, these substrates were synthesized using TarB-NO₂ via a two-step procedure involving the reduction of an α-halo ketone to a chiral terminal epoxide, followed by regioselective/regiospecific epoxide opening by various nucleophiles. This procedure provides access to a variety of functionalized secondary alcohols including β-hydroxy ethers, thioethers, nitriles, and amines with enantiomeric excesses of 94% and yields up to 98%.     

光学活性螺-环丙烷双内酯化合物的合成

描述了5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性试剂1与氮亲核试剂发生的串联不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,一举生成4个新手性中心。报道了含有叔胺官能团的螺-环丙烷双内酯化合物4a-4d的合成方法以及结构测定。     

氨基醇砌块用于螺/环丙环类手性化合物的合成

手性氨基醇砌块3与5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮手性合成子4通过串联的不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,得到了具有四个新的手性中心的氨基醇手性砌块/螺环/环丙烷类化合物7(44%～57%,de≥98%)。通过元素分析,[α]^20~D,UV,IR,^1HNMR,^13CNMR,MS确认了它们的化学结构。本工作可以为含有某些活性官能团的多手性中心的复杂结构化合物提供新的合成策略。     

Mechanistic aspects of alkene oxidation using chiral hypervalent iodine reagents

Recent progress in the area of hypervalent iodine-induced enantioselective oxidation is reviewed with emphasis from a mechanistic point of view. Chiral lactate and lactamide sidechains in hypervalent iodine reagents induce herical chirality around the iodine reaction site, which provides a chiral environment suitable for enantioselective transformations. The stereochemical outcomes of alkene oxidation are also compiled and used for systematically understanding the reaction mechanism of oxidative double bond difunctionalization.     

Highly-Active Chiral Organic Photovoltaic Catalysts with Suppressed Charge Recombination

Recombination of free charges in organic semiconductors reduces the available photo-induced charge-carriers and restricts photovoltaic efficiency. In this work, the chiral organic semiconductors (Y6-R and Y6-S with enantiopure R- and S- chiral alkyl sidechains) are designed and synthesized, which show effective aggregation-induced chirality through mainchain packing with chiral conformations in non-centrosymmetric space groups with tilt chirality. Based on the analysis of spin-injection, magnetic-hysteresis loop, and thermodynamics and dynamics of the excited state, we suggest that the aggregation-induced chirality can generate spin-polarization, which suppresses charge recombination and offers more available charge-carriers within Y6-R and Y6-S relative to the achiral counterpart (Y6). Then the chiral Y6-R and Y6-S show enhanced catalytic activity with optimal average hydrogen evolution rates of 205 and 217 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, respectively, 60–70 % higher than Y6, when they are employed as nanoparticle photocatalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under simulated solar light, AM1.5G, 100 mW cm⁻².     

手性4-膦酸二酯基-3-卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成与结构

手性呋喃酮1a-1b与亚磷酸三酯2a-2b通过串联的不对称Michael加成/分子内Michalis-Arbazov重排反应,得到了含磷官能团的新手性化合物,5-(S)-(l-孟氧基)-4-膦酸二酯基-3-卤素-2(5H)-呋喃酮4a-4d。该反应具有条件温和,产率高(86%-95%),光学纯度单一(d.e.≥98%)的特点。通过元素分析,IR,UV,^1HNMR,^1^3CNMR,MS,[α]~D^2^0波谱分析数据以及X射线四圆衍射数据确定了它们的化学结构和绝对构型。     

Aryl Crown Ethers Based on d-Glucose Scaffold – Highly Selective Receptors of Amino Acid Ester Hydrochlorides

Amino acids are important biomolecules with a broad scope of applications in chemical and biological sciences. Their functions and properties depend on their absolute configuration. Therefore, methods for chiral recognition and separation of amino acids are highly sought after. For the purposes of diagnostic and medicinal applications chiral recognition of amino acids in water is particularly relevant. However synthetic receptors for enantioselective binding of amino acids in aqueous media are rare. Recently we reported a d -glucose-based crown ether for chiral recognition of amino acid esters in water. We achieved enantioselectivities towards amino acids with hydrophobic sidechains which were among the highest ever reported for a small molecule receptor. The binding affinities were however moderate. Herein we disclose analogs of that receptor, containing aryl functionalities in the crown ether fragment. The new receptors show considerably improved binding affinities for amino acid ester hydrochlorides in water, while retaining high enantio- or chemoselectivities.     

Influence of Solvent‐Like Sidechains on the Adsorption of Light Hydrocarbons in Metal–Organic Frameworks

A variety of strategies have been developed to adsorb and separate light hydrocarbons in metal–organic frameworks. Here, we present a new approach in which the pores of a framework are lined with four different C3 sidechains that feature various degrees of branching and saturation. These pendant groups, which essentially mimic a low‐density solvent with restricted degrees of freedom, offer tunable control of dispersive host–guest interactions. The performance of a series of frameworks of the type Zn₂(fu‐bdc)₂(dabco) (fu‐bdc^2?=functionalized 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate; dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), which feature a pillared layer structure, were investigated for the adsorption and separation of methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. The four frameworks exhibit low methane uptake, whereas C2 hydrocarbon uptake is substantially higher as a result of the enhanced interaction of these molecules with the ligand sidechains. Most significantly, the adsorption quantities and selectivity were found to depend strongly upon the type of sidechains attached to the framework scaffold.     

新手性源5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成和结构

文中深入研究了5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性源(5a)的合成方法及其不对称合成反应。5a不仅制备方法简便,光学纯度单一,而且它作为稳定的Michael受体,可与碳、氧、氮、硫等不同的亲核试剂发生串联的Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,制备得到含有多个手性中心的双环[3.3.0^3^,^7]-5-辛烯类化合物、双环[3.1.0^3^,^5]-己烷类化合物和螺-环丙烷类化合物。本文报道了该手性呋喃酮5a的合成和构型测定。