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目前,常用的生物酶固定化方法在应用上各有优劣,简便、高效而又适用推广的酶固定化方法是人们所追求的目标。本文提供一种新型的酶固定化方法,即通过蚕丝素蛋白在甲醇中变性,使葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定在蛋白质中,得到葡萄糖氧化酶-丝素膜,与氧电极偶合,制成电流式葡萄糖传感器。在选定的实验条件下,电极的各项性能指标均较满意。 GOD由Boehringer Mannhen GmbH进口(10 kU/46 mg),试剂均为分析纯。家蚕(浙12×苏1)由浙江农业大学提供。氧电极和测氧仪由中国科学院上海冶金研究所制造。 相似文献
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PVA固定化脲酶电极的制作及电极特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用PVA低温下的物理交联固定酶,制成酶电极并在不同尿素浓度、pH值、温度等条件下进一步研究这种酶电极的响应特性. 相似文献
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桑蚕丝素蛋白的结构、形态及其化学改性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对桑蚕吐丝机构的描述,着重从高分子科学的角度介绍桑蚕丝和蚕丝素蛋白大分子的组成、形态及各种化学、物理性质,讨论了蚕丝素蛋白的纤维化机理,并简述了丝索蛋白纤维的化学接枝改性及其应用。 相似文献
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光谱法研究pH值对再生桑蚕丝素蛋白在水溶液中结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过一系列光谱实验手段研究了再生桑蚕(Bombyx mori)丝素蛋白在水溶液中的构象转变情况. 由于丝素蛋白含有较多带电荷的氨基酸残基, 因此环境pH值对丝素蛋白的结构有着一定的影响: 酸性越强, 丝素蛋白越容易发生从无规线团到β-折叠结构转变; 相对而言, 碱性条件则更有利于丝素蛋白以无规线团结构稳定存在. 特别是当pH在4附近时, 丝素蛋白的无规结构最易发生改变; 而pH为6左右时, 丝素蛋白的结构则较为稳定. 这种变化趋势与沿着成熟蚕腺体中丝素蛋白所处的环境及其状态相当吻合, 由此表明pH值的调节是蚕在生物体中控制其丝素蛋白状态的一个相当重要的手段. 这一结果对人工纺制动物丝条件的调控有着极其重要的现实意义. 同时我们还发现, 在相当宽的pH范围内, 丝素蛋白的二级结构存在着中间体形态, 表明丝素蛋白的变性过程不符合简单的二态机制. 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素膜固定化脲酶的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
酶固定膜反应器兼具有反应和分离两种功能,是酶工程领域中较活跃的研究课题.随着酶固定化技术和水平的提高,各种固定化酶生物反应器不断涌现,其中以采用固定化脲酶技术制作的人工肾最为成功. 相似文献
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Mingying Yang Wen He Yajun Shuai Sijia Min Liangjun Zhu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2013,51(9):742-748
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is known to be capable of facilitating nucleation of the hydroxyapatite crystals (HAps). To find out how SF mediates the nucleation of HAps, self-assembly of SF in 1.5 simulated body fluid (SBF) was observed in this study through design of a co-solution of SF and 1.5-times SBF (SF/1.5 SBF). After the co-solution of SF/1.5 SBF was incubated at 37.2 °C up to 7 days, SEM, X-ray, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations indicated that nucleation of HAps was increased. In addition, the structure of SF was transited from random coil into β-sheet indicated by FTIR spectra. The β-sheet assembly of SF in 1.5 SBF was also supported by CD spectra. Atomic force microscopy provided detailed progress of the self-assembly that SF incubated in 1.5 SBF was self-assembled in the form from dot, through rod to final net. Therefore, this study suggested that nucleation of HAps of SF was controlled by its molecular self-assembly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013 相似文献
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Phillips DM Drummy LF Conrady DG Fox DM Naik RR Stone MO Trulove PC De Long HC Mantz RA 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(44):14350-14351
In this work, the suitability of imidazolium-based ionic liquid solvents is investigated for the dissolution and regeneration of silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk. Within an ionic liquid the anion plays a larger role in dictating the ultimate solubility of the silk. The dissolution of the silk in the ionic liquid is confirmed using wide-angle X-ray scattering. The dissolved silk is also processed into 100 mum-thick, two-dimensional films, and the structure of these films is examined. The rinse solvent, acetonitrile or methanol, has a profound impact on both the topography of the films and the secondary structure of the silk protein. The image depicts a silkworm cocoon dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and then regenerated as a film with birefringence. 相似文献
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Shun‐Ichi Inoue Jun Magoshi Toshihisa Tanaka Yoshiko Magoshi Mary Becker 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2000,38(11):1436-1439
We performed atomic force microscopy measurements on fibroin molecules from the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori. At low concentrations, we could observe single protein molecules. The shape of the observed molecules is a rod with long smaller chains extending from the ends. The size of the rod is 60 nm in length and 15 nm in width. At high concentrations, we observed long threadlike aggregates of fibroin molecules, their chains entangled with one another. These results provide insight into the microscopic mechanism of silk‐fiber formation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1436–1439, 2000 相似文献
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Masuhiro Tsukada Giuliano Freddi Nobutami Kasai 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1994,32(7):1175-1182
The physical structure and compatibility of solution-cast Antheraea pernyi/Bombyx mori silk fibroin blend films were stuided by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical (TMA) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, dynamic viscoelastic measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. The DSC curves of the blend films showed independent endotherms at 280 and 358°C, corresponding to the thermal decomposition of B. mori and A. pernyi silk fibroins with random coil conformation. The intensity was roughly proportionate to the amount of each component in the blend. The thermal behavior corresponding to the conformational transitions induced by heating on A. pernyi and B. mori silk fibroins overlapped in the temperature range 190–230°C. Thermal expansion and contraction properties, as well as weight retention behavior of the blend films were intermediate between the pure components, as shown by the TMA and TGA curves. The onset temperature of the storage modulus curve decreased markedly, approaching that of B. mori silk fibroin film when the amount of this component in the blend increased. The loss modulus curve of the blend films showed two peaks at ca. 190 and 210°C, the former corresponding to B. mori, and the latter to A. pernyi silk fibroin. Infrared spectra of the blends exhibited absorption bands characteristic of the pure components overlapping in the spectral region 2000–400 cm?1. The x-ray diffraction peaks at 23 and 21.5°, attributed to the crystalline spacings of A. pernyi and B. mori fibroins, respectively, overlapped in the diffraction curves of the blends, while the peak at 11.4°, of A. pernyi, increased as the content of this fibroin in the blend increased. The degree of crystallinity, calculated from the x-ray diffraction curves, diminished as the amount of B. mori silk fibroin decreased. A low degree of compatibility exists between the two fibroins when they are cast from aqueous solution in the experimental conditions adopted in this work. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Majibur Rahman Khan Yasuo Gotoh Mikihiko Miura Hideaki Morikawa Masanobu Nagura 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(23):3418-3426
Silk fibroin (SF) fiber from the Bombyx mori silkworm was treated with a 1.23 N iodine/potassium iodide (I2–KI) aqueous solution, and the structure and physical properties were investigated to elucidate the effects of the iodine treatment. The SF fiber absorbed polyiodide ions such as I and I by immersion in the I2–KI solution, and the weight gain of the SF fiber increased with the treatment time; it became saturated at about 20 wt % after 40 h. The results of the weight gain, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements suggested that polyiodide ions mainly entered the amorphous region. Moreover, a new sharp reflection in the meridional direction, corresponding to a period of 7.0 Å, was observed and indicated the possibility of the formation of a mesophase structure of β‐conformation chains. Dynamic viscoelastic measurements showed that the molecular motion of the crystalline regions at about 220 °C was enhanced and shifted to lower temperature by the introduction of polyiodide ions. This indicated that the iodine component weakened the hydrogen bonding between the SF molecules forming the β‐sheet structure and caused molecular motion of the crystal to occur more easily with heating. With heating above 270 °C, the iodine component introduced intermolecular crosslinking to SF, and the melt flow of the sample was inhibited. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3418–3426, 2006 相似文献
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We investigated the biomaterial and pharmaceutical utility of pure silk fibroin (SF) protein as a possible for separation, using Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography and simply preparing SF microsphere particles (SFMP) by spray dryer. Also, some of its physicochemical properties and morphology were investigated. Obtaining microspheres and/or submicronic particles by spray dryer method was accelerated or completed with the transition from the random coil to the β-sheet structure during spray dryer treatment. It was identified by the basic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of SFMP. The various pH range of SFMP’s swelling ratio is dependent on the pH of the solution, not on the occurred gelation. Morphologically, SFMP was spherical in shape, and particles, average 2±10 μm in size, were observed by scanning electron microscope and particle analyzer, respectively. The average molecular weight (MW) of pure SF protein dissolved in calcium chloride is about 61,500 g/mol as measured by gel permeation chromatography. 相似文献
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Asakura T Suita K Kameda T Afonin S Ulrich AS 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2004,42(2):258-266
The influence of the bulky and H-bonding Tyr side-chain on its Ala- and Gly-rich environment in Bombyx mori silk fibroin was examined by (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS), static (2)H and (19)F NMR and molecular mechanics calculations. Model peptides of the type (AG)(15) were synthesized with Tyr in a number of different positions, precipitated under conditions favoring either of the two characteristic protein conformations, and the resulting structures were assigned from their (13)C chemical shifts. Dialysis of native fibroin or the simple (AG)(15) peptide from a 9 M LiBr solution against water produces silk I (the structure of silk before spinning), whereas drying from formic acid yields silk II (fibrous structure after spinning). We found that the introduction one or more Tyr into (AG)(15) can have a dramatic effect not only on the local backbone conformation but also on the long-range intermolecular chain packing in the samples. The antiparallel beta-sheet conformation of silk II is able readily to accommodate a single Tyr residue. Interestingly, the beta-turn conformation of silk I only remains stable when Tyr is positioned near the chain terminus in (AG)(12)YG(AG)(2), but the conformation is driven towards silk II when Tyr is located in the central region of (AG)(7)YG(AG)(7). The role of H-bonding was tested by replacing Tyr with Phe or 4F-Phe, which are no longer compatible with silk I and fully induced a silk II conformation. In the presence of several Tyr residues a mixture of distorted beta-sheet and beta-turn conformations was obtained, regardless of the precipitation conditions. Static (2)H NMR of ring-deuterated [3',5'-(2)H(2)]Tyr located in the central region of (AG)(7)YG(AG)(7) showed that the side-chain is immobilized in both silk I and II, which was also observed by static (19)F NMR of the 4F-Phe analogue. To visualize the local packing around the Tyr side-chain, molecular mechanics calculations were performed on a mixture of (AG)(4) and AGAGYGAG, starting from either the beta-turn type II or the antiparallel beta-sheet structure. The resulting structures show that the intermolecular chain arrangement is significantly affected by Tyr, thus explaining the long-range packing effects in the semi-crystalline regions of silk fibers compared with the crystalline regions that are devoid of Tyr. 相似文献
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Tetsuo Asakura Makoto Demura Yasuo Watanabe Kazuo Sato 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1992,30(7):693-699
The dynamical behavior of the Bombyx mori silk fibroin chain and of absorbed water in silk fiber, film, and powder has been studied by 1H pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Segmental motions do not occur and only the rapid rotation of the methyl groups of alanine residues is observed from ?120 to 130°C. This is independent of the conformation or form of the silk fibroin samples. Magnetization of dry silk fibroin by the solid-echo method shows a single Gaussian decay, while two components are observed in the solid-echo signals of films containing 6–10 w/w% water. An immobile component with a T2 value of 11 μs is attributed to silk fibroin, and the mobile component to bound water. The T2 of the latter varies from 50 to 200 μs, depending on the sample. The dynamical behavior of water trapped in the film is discussed on the basis of these T2 values. 相似文献