多次爆破荷载作用下大荒沟小净距隧道围岩岩体位移响应

以丹东-通化高速公路大荒沟隧道进行的爆破振动监测数据为依据,采用FLAC-3D软件,分析了多次爆破荷载作用下大荒沟隧道小净距段围岩位移响应规律。根据爆破振动监测数据,考虑了竖向和横向质点运动在爆破荷载作用下的耦合效应,模拟左、右洞在6次爆破开挖下的隧道围岩位移响应,同时进行小净距隧道围岩岩体疲劳损伤声波监测,将爆破振动模拟结果和工程实测岩体疲劳损伤声波监测结果进行比较。分析表明:随着爆破循环开挖的进行,围岩处于稳定状态,在排除爆破加载左洞及右洞先后顺序的影响后,岩体损伤及围岩位移偏移以间柱为对称面呈现一定的对称性。同时,随着爆破掘进进行,隧道围岩监测处距爆破中心距离增大,测点处爆破应力波的强调度降低,围岩岩体疲劳损伤及位移偏移增量减少并最终趋于稳定。     

低雷诺数下弹性圆柱体涡激振动及影响参数分析

利用Fluent软件数值求解不可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程,研究均匀来流Re=200时弹性圆柱体的涡激振动.圆柱体运动简化为质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,将Newmark-β方法代码写入用户自定义函数(UDF)求解运动方程,柱体与流体间的非线性耦合作用通过动网格技术实现.详细分析了涡激力系数、柱体位移特征值和尾流涡结构随频率比的变化关系,获得"相位开关"、"拍"等现象.考虑流向振动对横向振动影响时,圆柱体最大横向振幅为0.65倍直径.当固定频率比,而质量比或折合阻尼增大时,圆柱体流向与横向振动均呈非线性衰减趋势,但增大质量比对流向平均位移的偏离起到更好的控制效果.     

爆破振动作用下含软弱夹层边坡稳定性及安全判据

运用FLAC3D软件建立了顺层台阶边坡数值模型,首先分析爆破振动作用下边坡的振速响应规律,然后通过边坡的位移、剪应变增量分析其稳定性,最后根据边坡稳定性判据,制定爆破振速安全阈值。研究表明,随着爆心距的增大,振速传播规律为近处衰减快、远处衰减慢,坡面存在高程放大效应,临空面中由于软弱夹层的阻隔影响,使得坡脚的振速最大;边坡的变形破坏受软弱夹层控制,其上覆岩体为潜在滑体,破裂面可以根据水平位移云图和塑性区分布图综合确定;边坡的破坏是一个渐进性的累积过程,位移和剪应变的累积会导致岩体的力学参数不断弱化,爆破振动劣化作用后仍有较大安全储备的边坡只会累积产生永久位移,而接近极限平衡状态的边坡将会失稳;当岩层倾角为15°~23°时,边坡振速安全阀值为21 cm/s;当软弱夹层剪出口距离坡顶高度为14 m,倾角分别为24°、29°、31°、34°时,安全阀值分别为10、8、6、5 cm/s。     

微差爆破振动波速度峰值-位移分布特征的延时控制

为了通过振动波传播规律研究微差爆破延时控制,改善爆破振动和提高爆炸能利用,选取普通雷管和澳瑞凯高精度雷管进行不同段别延期起爆对比实验,试爆过程对振动波测振。基于振动波函数优化理论基础,对实测数据和波状谱处理分析,总结了不同微差时间下振动波传播规律及速度峰值、主频、频带能量、总能量等变化特征,根据该特征发现振动波速度图谱和该速度积分所得位移图谱中两者最大值对应时间点相同。依据此速度峰值-振动位移分布特征,对某实测简单振动波进行高斯多峰拟合,结果表明:该波段能量最大化时间点为60 ms左右,振动最小的时间点为25 ms左右。     

黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸辐射弹性波的对比研究

研究地下爆炸弹性区的震动特性,关键是获得场地介质与爆炸能量耦合作用下辐射弹性波的实验参数。对于不易加工成大尺寸模型的砂土岩,为研究其填实爆炸下辐射弹性波的特征,采用0.125 g TNT微型炸药球作为爆炸源,以塑性区可置换的?1 370 mm×1 200 mm黄土样品作为提供应力波传播路径的载体,用波阻抗近似相等的重塑黄土和砂土岩样品分别作为源区介质,对比分析了两种介质中微药量填实爆炸辐射的弹性波传播特征。实验结果表明:在测试范围内,两种介质中填实爆炸激发的弹性应力波粒子速度(位移)峰值的衰减规律、波形的主频变化规律一致;砂土岩中爆炸辐射的弹性波粒子速度(位移)峰值整体高于黄土、粒子速度波形的半高宽和主频低于黄土;砂土岩中爆炸耦合的向外传播的弹性波能量比黄土大。实测结果反映,黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸弹性波能量耦合强度的差别。     

粘弹性岩体中支护圆形洞室施工过程的解析分析

地下洞室的开挖与支护是逐步的连续过程。对具有流变效应的粘弹性岩体,流变时效与施工效应发生耦合,变形与时间相关。针对深埋圆形洞室的施工,用半径时变函数模拟断面开挖过程。当岩体模拟为任一粘弹性材料时,将方程进行拉普拉斯变换求得位移通解,逆变换后代入边界条件确定待定函数,最终得到用洞周面力表达的围岩应力、位移统一解。区分开挖与支护时段,将半径时变函数、洞周面力不同表达式代入,利用支护后围岩与弹性支护接触条件建立关于支护力的Volterra积分方程。当岩石模拟为Boltzmann粘弹模型时,代入材料参数可求解积分方程得到支护力的确切表达,并进一步求得开挖过程及任意时刻支护后应力、位移分段解析表达式。表达式和算例分析表明:加支护后的径向位移增长呈指数形式变化且最终稳定于某一数值。最终洞型相同时,采用不同断面开挖速度且挖完立即支护时,开挖较快的情况位移变化较剧烈,而支护后最终稳定位移较小;但是,相应支护阶段产生的位移较大,支护力也较大。文中给出的方法可用于计算圆形洞室半径任意开挖并加支护后的应力、位移,适用于任一粘弹模型岩体的施工分析。     

爆破开挖扰动下锚固节理岩质边坡位移突变特征与能量机理

针对白鹤滩水电站左岸坝基河谷底部边坡岩体爆破开挖,采用现场岩体位移监测、锚索轴力监测及数值模拟的手段,研究了爆破开挖扰动下锚固节理岩质边坡的位移突变特征及其能量机理。研究结果表明:对于深切河谷底部高地应力边坡岩体爆破开挖,爆炸荷载挤压及地应力作用下,岩体所积聚的应变能快速释放,导致了节理岩质边坡的位移突变,突变位移包括节理张开位移和岩体回弹位移两部分;地应力水平越高、岩体弹性模量越低,总的突变位移量越大;预应力锚索主要通过抑制节理张开位移来控制边坡岩体的位移突变,锚索预应力等级越高,其吸能和释能速率越高,对节理岩体位移突变的控制效果越好,当锚索的预应力等级高到一定程度后,节理岩体的突变位移不再随锚索预应力等级的升高而显著减小。     

Analysis of main shock of thrust fault earthquake by catastrophe theory

The relationship between work and energy increment of a thrust fault system with quasi-static deformation can be decomposed into two parts: volume strain energy and deviation stress energy. The relationship between work and energy increment of the deviation stress of a simplified thrust fault system is analyzed based on the catastrophe theory. The research indicates that the characteristics displayed by the fold catastrophe model can appropriately describe the condition of earthquake generation, the evolvement process of main shock of thrust fault earthquake, and some important aftershock properties. The bigger the surrounding press of surrounding rock is, the bigger the maximum principal stress is, the smaller the incidences of the potential thrust fault surface are, and the smaller the ratio between the tangential stiffness of surrounding rock and the slope is, which is at the inflexion point on the softened zone of the fault shearing strength curve. Thus, when earthquake occurrs, the larger the elastic energy releasing amount of surrounding rock is, the bigger the earthquake magnitude is, the larger the half distance of fault dislocation is, and the larger the displacement amplitude of end face of surrounding rock is. Fracturing and expanding the fault rock body and releasing the volume strain energy of surrounding rock during the earthquake can enhance the foregoing effects together.     

双通道旋转输流管临界流速和振动模态分析

旋转叶片是航空发动机重要零件之一,服役条件十分恶劣,常常因振动过量导致其失效.为了合理设计含冷却通道的叶片,保证其可靠性与安全性,需对含冷却通道的叶片的振动特性进行研究.基于EulerBernoulli梁理论,将叶片简化为含两通道的悬臂旋转输流管,考虑了通道轴线偏移量对流体动能的影响,采用Lagrange原理结合假设模态法建立包含双陀螺效应的运动控制方程,采用降阶扩维的方法求解系统特征值.研究两通道模型的流速比、转速和长细比等对前3阶特征根曲线影响.将文章模型退化为简支单通道输流管,与文献报道结果进行对比,部分验证建模方法的正确性.研究发现:在相同的管道截面积下,两通道模型的临界流速值大于单通道模型的;旋转运动引入的陀螺效应会使得第2, 3阶特征根轨迹发生绕圈现象,并多次穿越虚轴;随着长细比的增大,系统会表现出类似非旋转的悬臂输流管的动力学行为;系统的横向位移模态响应呈现出行波特性,且在不同参数组合下,阻尼因子对前3阶模态产生不同的增强或减弱作用.     

Sinusoidal vibratory tillage

One dimensional sinusoidal vibratory tillage was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A model was developed in which the instantaneous horizontal force on the tool was equal to a constant plus a linear function of tool velocity. The tool action was analyzed in three stages: (1) retraction of the tool, (2) compression of loose soil in front of the tool, and (3) cutting of undisturbed soil. The effect of tool mass was included, but edge effects between the tool and soil as the tool retracted were neglected. Equations were developed for the instantaneous horizontal force on the tool, average force and power requirements for the tool and ratio of average force and power on a vibrating tool to the average force and power for the same tool without vibration but moving at the same average velocity.

The model predicted the measured instantaneous tool force and average force accurately when the tool oscillated at 10 Hz and the soil failed by flow. At higher frequencies, the soil failed by multiple shear resulting in more pulverization. In this case, the model did not predict the instantaneous force accurately but did not predict the average force with reasonable accuracy. Multiple shear was more evident on the 45° tool than the 80° tool, the difference was attributed to the fact that the soil was more confined by the 80° tool. A maximum force reduction of 40% was observed at a contact ratio between 0.3 and 0.4. The power required for the vibrating tool was increased by a factor of 1.5 to 3.0 for the same contact ratio interval.     

DEM simulation of soil-tool interaction under extraterrestrial environmental effects

In contrast to terrestrial environment, the harsh lunar environment conditions include lower gravity acceleration, ultra-high vacuum and high (low) temperature in the daytime (night-time). This paper focuses on the effects of those mentioned features on soil cutting tests, a simplified excavation test, to reduce the risk of lunar excavation missions. Soil behavior and blade performance were analyzed under different environmental conditions. The results show that: (1) the cutting resistance and the energy consumption increase linearly with the gravity. The bending moment has a bigger increasing rate in low gravity fields due to a decreasing moment arm; (2) the cutting resistance, energy consumption and bending moment increase significantly because of the raised soil strength on the lunar environment, especially in low gravity fields. Under the lunar environment, the proportions of cutting resistance, bending moment and energy consumption due to the effect of the van der Waals forces are significant. Thus, they should be taken into consideration when planning excavations on the Moon. Therefore, considering that the maximum frictional force between the excavator and the lunar surface is proportional to the gravity acceleration, the same excavator that works efficiently on the Earth may not be able to work properly on the Moon.     

Vibration and dynamic buckling of shear beam-columns on elastic foundation under moving harmonic loads

The vibration and buckling of an infinite shear beam-column, which considers the effects of shear and the axial compressive force, resting on an elastic foundation have been investigated when the system is subjected to moving loads of either constant amplitude or harmonic amplitude variation with a constant advance velocity. Damping of a linear hysteretic nature for the foundation was considered. Formulations in the transformed field domains of time and moving space were developed, and the response to moving loads of constant amplitude and the steady-state response to moving harmonic loads were obtained using a Fourier transform. Analyses were performed to examine how the shear deformation of the beam and the axial compression affect the stability and vibration of the system, and to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as the load velocity, load frequency, shear rigidity, and damping, on the deflected shape, maximum displacement, and critical values of the velocity, frequency, and axial compression. Expressions to predict the critical (resonance) velocity, critical frequency, and axial buckling force were proposed.     

爆炸载荷特征参数对无限长圆柱壳弹性动态响应的影响

采用含有三角脉冲载荷和准静压载荷的爆炸载荷加载,利用单自由度模型对无限长圆柱壳体（即等效平面应变圆环）的弹性动态响应进行了力学分析,获得了径向位移响应解析解及准静压阶段弹性响应振幅的解析解。基于所得解析解,通过控制变量法分析了载荷压力及载荷分界点时刻（即三角脉冲载荷与准静压载荷作用的分界点时刻）对径向位移最大值、准静压阶段弹性响应振幅的影响规律,更加深入地研究了爆炸载荷对结构响应的影响。本文主要从准静压幅值与三角脉冲峰值的比值以及载荷分界点时刻两个主要特征参数入手,结合结构的呼吸振动频率来研究爆炸载荷对无限长圆柱壳弹性动态响应的影响。在研究中发现存在临界时刻:当载荷分界点时刻早于临界时刻时,径向位移最大值出现在准静压阶段;当载荷分界点时刻晚于临界时刻时,获得了便于直观判断径向位移达到最大值时所处载荷阶段的分区图。基于前述解析解的分析,还获得了不同影响因素导致的振幅变化的单调性分区图,便于判别载荷压力的变化所致的准静压阶段振幅的增减趋势。通过研究获得的爆炸压力载荷对结构响应的影响规律,可为爆炸容器设计以及结构防护基础研究提供参考。     

基岩振动干扰下的动力滑坡机制研究

本文通过对边坡基底岩石振动因素的分析, 建立了单一滑面滑体受基底岩石强迫振动的模型, 采用非线性动力学方程描述滑体的变形规律, 分析了基底岩石振动过程中导致滑体移动的原因。指出在一个频带范围和力幅范围内, 基底的振动, 会引起潜在滑体位移突跳, 在滑面的法向方向上张开, 切向上错动而诱发滑坡。     

串列布置三圆柱涡激振动频谱特性研究

对串列三圆柱体双自由度涡激振动问题进行了数值计算, 并分析了雷诺数、固有频率比和约化速度对串列三圆柱体结构动力响应及频谱特性的影响. 研究发现: 雷诺数、频率比对上游圆柱的振幅和流体力系数的影响较小. 中游圆柱频率锁定区域随着雷诺数的增大而增大, 其动力响应受上游圆柱尾流的影响较大, 但频率比的影响较小. 同时, 流体力系数在约化速度较小时受雷诺数和频率比的影响较大. 另外, 下游圆柱的振幅和流体力系数受雷诺数及频率比的影响较大. 雷诺数、频率比和约化速度对圆柱流体力系数能量谱密度(PSD)曲线中主峰幅值、频谱成分及波动性的影响较大. 流体力系数PSD曲线波动性的增强, 导致圆柱运动轨迹会从"8"字形转变成不规则形状. 当频率比为2.0时, 上游圆柱尾流出现P$+$S模式, 导致其发生非对称运动, 且升、阻力系数PSD曲线主峰重合. 最后, 激励荷载平均功率值随约化速度的变化趋势与对应的结构动力响应的变化类似. 在同一约化速度区间内, 结构振动响应的强弱与位移的平均功率值成正比. 对不同约化速度区间内的升力系数功率谱密度分析时, 振动频率比($f_{s}/f_{n, y})$对结构振动响应的影响更大.      

低雷诺数下串列布置双圆柱涡激振动特性研究

基于四步半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元方法,对串列布置双圆柱双自由度涡激振动问题进行了数值模拟计算,并分析了间距比、剪切率、频率比以及折减速度4个参数对圆柱结构动力响应的影响.研究发现:不同固有频率比与剪切率对下游圆柱振动幅值影响较大,然而对上游圆柱振动幅值影响较小.上游圆柱在两个自由度方向达到最大值的折减速度不同,然而下...     

The identification of the vibration control system parameters designed for continuous miner machines

The Continuous Miner machines are exposed to time dependent loads during normal operation of the rock cutting process. These loads cause vibrations, which have a negative influence on the whole structure of the machine. This phenomenon can be eliminated by applying passive or active vibration control systems (VCS). Generally these systems are coupled with additional elements, which provide dispersion or transfer energy. The energy thus acquired can also reinforce the intended function such as rock cutting operation in the case of mining machines. The objective of this paper is to present the method of numerical identification of VCS parameters for Continuous Miner machines. The main function of the presented system is to reduce displacement of cutting drum by using elastic element joined to machine chassis and applying appropriate algorithm of control of the angular velocity of cutting drum. The method described improves efficiency of mining and increases durability of machine. In order to determine mechanical and control parameters of VCS the genetic algorithm optimisation method conjugated with numerical modal analysis was used. Finally the transient dynamic analysis was performed for the full-scale model of Continuous Miner in order to verify VCS in normal working condition.     

Modeling of vibrational impact motion of mobile-based body

The paper deals with vibrational impact motion of a mobile-based body on an inclined plane, which is a characteristic for vibrational alignment of components subjected to an automated assembly. The alignment model is presented by a two-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system in which the moving body is impacting the plane obliquely. Properties of the vibrational impact motion under kinematical excitement of the moving body and under the excitement of the plane in two perpendicular directions were investigated by numerical methods. It was determined that impact displacement occurs under transient regimes of motion from static to dynamic state of equilibrium. Dependencies of maximum displacement of the body and average displacement velocity on force of elastic resistance, amplitude of plane vibration in the direction of the displacement, and phase angle between the perpendicular members of vibration components were established. Zones of system and excitement parameter combination when the vibrational impact motion occurs were defined.     

Rock deformation equations and application to the study on slantingly installed disc cutter

At present the mechanical model of the interac- tion between a disc cutter and rock mainly concerns indentation experiment, linear cutting experiment and tunnel boring machine （TBM） on-site data. This is not in line with the actual rock-breaking movement of the disc cutter and impedes to some extent the research on the rock-breaking mechanism, wear mechanism and design theory. Therefore, our study focuses on the interaction between the slantingly installed disc cutter and rock, developing a model in accordance with the actual rock-breaking movement. Displacement equations are established through an analysis of the velocity vector at the rock-breaking point of the disc cutter blade; the func- tional relationship between the displacement parameters at the rock-breaking point and its rectangular coordinates is established through an analysis of micro-displacement vectors at the rock-breaking point, thus leading to the geometric equations of rock deformation caused by the slantingly installed disc cutter. Considering the basically linear relationship between the cutting force of disc cutters and the rock deformation before and after the leap break of rock, we express the constitutive relations of rock deformation as generalized Hooke＇s law and analyze the effect of the slanting installa- tion angle of disc cutters on the rock-breaking force. This will, as we hope, make groundbreaking contributions to the development of the design theory and installation practice of TBM.     

基于相似材料的岩爆模型实验及其能量释放机制

岩体的卸载破坏和加载破坏有本质区别,岩爆是高地应力区地下工程开挖卸载产生的地质灾害现象.针对处于高静水压力状态下的岩体,采用松香模型实验研究径向瞬时卸载引起动力破碎型“岩爆”;通过分析动力破碎过程中的速度峰值、卸载波作用时间特征,推导了.应变能及剥落(破碎)块体动能及速度计算公式.结果表明:文中给出的速度峰值和动能计算方法是可行的,剥落(破碎)块体动能仅占可恢复应变能很小部分,大部分能量最终以不同形式耗散掉;距自由面不同距离处的卸载波作用时间大致相等,远大于卸载波的扰动时间;破碎波阵面在介质中推进速度大致为匀速,也远小于卸载波扰动速度.