A composite polyaniline/graphene–coated polyamide6 nanofiber mat for electrochemical applications

In this study, polyamide6 (PA6) nanofiber mats were fabricated through the electrospinning process. The nanofibers were coated by polyaniline (PANI) using the in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of graphene oxide. The composite of the PANI/graphene oxide–coated nanofiber mat was treated with hydrazine monohydrate to reduce graphene oxide to graphene, and this was followed by the reoxidation of PANI. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength tests, electrical conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge/discharge measurements were conducted on the composite PA6/graphene nanofiber mats. It was found that the surface of the PA6 nanofibers was coated uniformly with the granular PANI and graphene oxide. Besides, the composite nanofibers showed good tensile and thermal properties. Their electrical conductivity and specific capacitance, when used as a separator in the cell, were 1.02 × 10^?4 S/cm and 423.28 F/g, respectively. Therefore, the composite PANI/reduced graphene oxide–coated PA6 nanofiber mats could be regarded as suitable candidates for application in energy storage devices.     

One‐Step Electrodeposition to Layer‐by‐Layer Graphene–Conducting‐Polymer Hybrid Films

One‐step fabrication of graphene–polyaniline (graphene–PANI) hybrid film was facilely achieved by cyclic voltammetric electrolysis of a bath containing both graphene oxide (GO) and aniline, where graphene is obtained by electrochemical reduction of GO and PANI is simultaneously obtained by aniline electropolymerization. As there is no strong attraction between aniline and GO under the electrodeposition conditions, the independent depositions of PANI and reduced GO nanosheets at their greatly differed potentials led to alternate layered graphene–PANI films, with the topmost layer being PANI particles or graphene sheets just by changing the initial scan directions. The two kinds of graphene–PANI hybrid films present excellent but different electrical and electrochemical behaviors.     

Assembly of Polyaniline Nanostructures

Polyaniline nanostructures (nanosheets, nanofibers, and nanoparticles) can be assembled at the organic/aqueous interface or in solution by controlling the diffusion rate and the polymerization induction time of aniline. The quality of polyaniline nanostructures is determined by the polymerization solution conditions. Polyaniline nanosheets formation mechanism was proposed. Under certain polymerization conditions, polyaniline nanofibers or/and nanoparticles were obtained.

     

Graphene oxide/Fe3O4/polyaniline nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of cadmium in rice and tea samples

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The magnetic graphene oxide–polyaniline (MGOPA) nanocomposite was synthesized through oxidative polymerization of aniline and at the presence of...     

石墨烯/铂复合材料的制备及电化学性能研究

采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,再超声分散于去离子水中形成稳定的氧化石墨分散液。分散液与氯铂酸溶液混合后,氧化石墨烯还原氯铂酸产生大量铂纳米粒子,铂粒子被牢固地锚在氧化石墨烯片上,最后将所得到的氧化石墨烯/铂复合物置于管式炉中在Ar/H2气氛中于800℃下热裂解制备出石墨烯/铂复合材料。形貌与纳米结构分析表明,氧化石墨已被彻底还原成石墨烯,铂纳米粒子均匀分散在褶皱的石墨烯纳米片间。电化学阻抗研究进一步揭示复合材料的电子转移阻抗明显小于石墨烯,呈示铂纳米粒子掺入石墨烯片层大大改善了导电性。石墨烯/铂复合材料应用于对苯二酚的电化学检测,检出限达1.6×10-7mol.L-1,这说明该材料具有优异的电催化性能。     

Nanocomposites of Sulfonic Polyaniline Nanoarrays on Graphene Nanosheets with an Improved Supercapacitor Performance

A new nanocomposite, poly(aniline‐co‐diphenylamine‐4‐sulfonic acid)/graphene (PANISP/rGO), was prepared by means of an in situ oxidation copolymerization of aniline (ANI) with diphenylamine‐4‐sulfonic acid (SP) in the presence of graphene oxide, followed by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide using hydrazine hydrate as a reductant. The morphology and structure of PANISP/rGO were characterized by field‐emission (FE) SEM, TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectra. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PANISP/rGO nanocomposite showed a nanosized structure, with sulfonic polyaniline nanoarrays coated homogeneously on the surface of graphene nanosheets. This special structure of the nanocomposite also facilitates the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of the electrodes. The PANISP/rGO nanocomposite exhibits a specific supercapacitance up to 1170 F g^?1 at the current density of 0.5 A g^?1. The as‐prepared electrodes show excellent supercapacitive performance because of the synergistic effects between graphene and the sulfonic polyaniline copolymer chains.     

Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Aniline with Its Concomitant Oxidative Polymerization

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are readily reduced by aniline above room temperature in an aqueous acid medium, with the aniline simultaneously undergoing oxidative polymerization to produce the reduced graphene oxide‐polyaniline nanofiber (RGO‐PANi) composites. The resulting RGO‐PANi composites and RGO (after dissolution of PANi) were characterized by XPS, XRD analysis, TGA, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, and TEM. It was also found that the RGO‐PANi composites exhibit good specific capacitance during galvanostatic charging–discharging when used as capacitor electrodes.

     

Synthesis of Polyaniline‐Vanadium Oxide Nanocomposite Nanosheets

Summary: Polyaniline‐vanadium oxide nanocomposite nanosheets with thickness between 10 and 20 nm, and lateral dimensions in the range of hundreds of nanometers to several microns have been synthesized by in situ intercalation polymerization of aniline with layered V₂O₅ under hydrothermal conditions. The product was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffractometer (XRD). The effects of the concentration of aniline and reaction temperature on the morphologies of polyaniline‐vanadium oxide nanocomposites have also been investigated.

SEM image of tremella‐like polyaniline‐vanadium oxide nanocomposite nanosheets.     

Graphene oxide‐induced polymerization and crystallization to produce highly conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composite

Graphene oxide (GO)–polyaniline (PANI) composite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of GO as oxidant, resulting in highly crystalline and conductive composite. Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirms aniline polymerization in the presence of GO without using conventional oxidants. Scanning electron microscopic images show the formation of PANI nanofibers attached to GO sheets. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the presence of highly crystalline PANI. The sharp peaks in XRD pattern suggest GO sheets not only play an important role in the polymerization of aniline but also in inducing highly crystalline phase of PANI in the final composite. Electrical conductivity of doped GO–PANI composite is 582.73 S m^?1, compared with 20.3 S m^?1 for GO–PANI obtained by ammonium persulfate assisted polymerization. The higher conductivity appears to be the result of higher crystallinity and/or chemical grafting of PANI to GO, which creates common conjugated paths between GO and PANI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1545–1554     

A simple method to synthesize sea urchin-like polyaniline hollow spheres

Oxidative polymerization of aniline diffusing out from polystyrene hollow spheres with ferric chloride results in the formation of sea urchin-like polyaniline composite hollow spheres, which provide a simple chemical way to assemble conducting polymer nanofibers into complex structure under mild condition.     

锂离子电池Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构负极材料的制备与电化学性能

以石墨烯和纳米硅颗粒为起始原料,苯胺为单体,植酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂（引发剂）,通过超声波的作用成功原位合成了具有三明治纳米结构的Si/RGO@PANI锂离子电池负极材料。石墨烯片层与导电聚苯胺与纳米硅颗粒构成的夹心结构可形成有效的导电网络,且具有优异的结构稳定性,能够有效缓解硅在嵌锂/脱锂过程中产生的巨大体积效应,表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能。电化学性能测试表明,这种Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构复合材料适合作为一种优良的锂离子电池负极材料。     

锂离子电池Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构负极材料的制备与电化学性能

以石墨烯和纳米硅颗粒为起始原料,苯胺为单体,植酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂(引发剂),通过超声波的作用成功原位合成了具有三明治纳米结构的Si/RGO@PANI锂离子电池负极材料。石墨烯片层与导电聚苯胺与纳米硅颗粒构成的夹心结构可形成有效的导电网络,且具有优异的结构稳定性,能够有效缓解硅在嵌锂/脱锂过程中产生的巨大体积效应,表现出良好的循环性能和倍率性能。电化学性能测试表明,这种Si/RGO@PANI三明治纳米结构复合材料适合作为一种优良的锂离子电池负极材料。     

层层自组装原位聚合聚苯胺复合膜成膜机理研究

从苯胺单体出发, 通过原位聚合、现场掺杂以及基于静电力的层层自组装制备了聚苯胺复合膜. 通过苯胺活性溶液的温度及颜色变化跟踪聚合反应进程, 同时考察不同聚合反应阶段所得聚苯胺复合膜的紫外-可见吸收, 并进一步探讨聚苯胺复合膜的成膜机理. 研究表明, 成膜机制是由聚合反应初始阶段的苯胺阳离子或苯胺阳离子自由基通过静电作用快速吸附到负电性的基片表面, 形成均匀的聚合中心, 链增长生成聚苯胺; 该聚苯胺在酸性条件下经现场掺杂显电正性, 可吸附电负性的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS), 以此循环层层组装得到多层聚苯胺复合膜.     

Electrochemical property of graphene oxide/polyaniline composite prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization

Graphene oxide–polyaniline composites were synthesized by an interfacial method using two green solvents, water and an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), as the two phases. The interfacial polymerization of aniline was carried out at room temperature in the presence of graphene oxide dispersed in the aqueous phase. The analysis revealed the surface of the graphene sheets to be coated with a smooth thin layer of polyaniline. The thermal stability of the composites was much better than that of bare graphene oxide. The composites were used to modify the glass carbon electrodes for the chemical detection of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. This method is a facile, efficient, and green route for the development of doped polyaniline materials suitable for chemical sensors.     

Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers using chloroaurate acid as the oxidant

This work demonstrated a facile route to the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers by polymerization of aniline using chloroaurate acid (HAuCl(4)) as the oxidant. The reduction of AuCl(4)(-) is accompanied by oxidative polymerization of aniline, leading to uniform PANI nanofibers with a diameter of 35 +/- 5 nm and aggregated gold nanoparticles which can precipitate from the liquid phase during the reaction. The resultant PANI nanofibers and gold particles were characterized by means of different techniques, such as UV-vis, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy methods. It is found that the gold aggregates are capped with polyaniline, and the conductivity of the fibers is around 0.16 S/cm.     

Single-layered graphene oxide nanosheet/polyaniline hybrids fabricated through direct molecular exfoliation

In this study, we used direct molecular exfoliation for the rapid, facile, large-scale fabrication of single-layered graphene oxide nanosheets (GOSs). Using macromolecular polyaniline (PANI) as a layered space enlarger, we readily and rapidly synthesized individual GOSs at room temperature through the in situ polymerization of aniline on the 2D GOS platform. The chemically modified GOS platelets formed unique 2D-layered GOS/PANI hybrids, with the PANI nanorods embedded between the GO interlayers and extended over the GO surface. X-ray diffraction revealed that intergallery expansion occurred in the GO basal spacing after the PANI nanorods had anchored and grown onto the surface of the GO layer. Transparent folding GOSs were, therefore, observed in transmission electron microscopy images. GOS/PANI nanohybrids possessing high conductivities and large work functions have the potential for application as electrode materials in optoelectronic devices. Our dispersion/exfoliation methodology is a facile means of preparing individual GOS platelets with high throughput, potentially expanding the applicability of nanographene oxide materials.     

Synthesis of Interconnected Polyaniline Nanofibers in Catanionic Micelles

Interconnected polyaniline nanofibers with diameters in the range of 30–60 nm and lengths up to several micrometers have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in catanionic solution by mixing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The product was characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the molar fraction of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the morphologies of polyaniline have been investigated.     

Controlled Synthesis of Dendritic Polyaniline Fibers with Diameters from Nanosize to Submicrometersize

Dendritic polyaniline nanofibers and submicrometer-sized fibers have been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline （An） doped with salicylic acid （SA）. The diameters of the fibers could be controlled easily from 30 to 400 nm by varying the concentration of aniline and salicylic acid at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and typical transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were applied to investigate their morphologies. . Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum indicated that the state of the dendritic polyaniline fibers is emerialdine rather than solely the leucoemeraldine or permigraniline forms. The dendritic polyaniline fibers have potential applications as chemical sensors or actuators and neuron devices.     

石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及应用

石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料由于其优异的电学、热学、电化学性能和机械性能等特点,吸引了研究者们的广泛关注。本文对近几年来石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的发展状况进行了简单介绍,首先总结了原位聚合法、界面聚合法、自组装法、溶液共混法等不同制备方法对石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料结构和性能的影响。由于石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料结合了石墨烯和聚苯胺两者的优点,展现出更加优异的性能,因此本文还对其在超级电容器、传感器、燃料电池、太阳能电池等方面的应用进行了详细介绍。     

聚苯胺/介孔碳纳米线复合电极材料的制备和性能

以介孔碳纳米线为基体, 通过电化学方法制备了新型聚苯胺/介孔碳纳米线(PANI/MCFs)复合材料, 采用SEM和TEM等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明, 聚苯胺均匀附在介孔碳纳米线表面, 并填充到纳米线介孔孔道中. 将复合材料组装成三电极体系超级电容器, 用循环伏安、 恒流充放电和交流阻抗等方法对材料的电化学性能进行了测试. 结果显示, 在1 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中, 复合材料的比电容达到391 F/g, 其循环稳定性也得到显著提高.