Thermal dry reforming of methane over La2O3 co-supported Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst for hydrogen-rich syngas production

Research on Chemical Intermediates - The excess emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2 and CH4 is posing an acute threat to the environment, and efficient ways are being sought to utilize...     

Kinetics modeling for the mixed reforming of methane over Ni-CeO2/MgAl2O4 catalyst

Kinetics model was developed for the mixed (steam and dry) reforming of methane, which is useful for the control of H2/CO ratio. The equilibrium constants of reaction rate were determined using the experimental equilibrium data at different reaction temperatures, while the forward reaction rate constants were estimated using the experimental data under non-equilibrium (high inert fraction and high space velocity) conditions. The comparison between calculated and experimental data clearly showed that the developed model described satisfactorily, and further analysis using the parametric sensitivity determined the wall temperature and CO2 fraction in the feed gas as effective parameters for the manipulation of CH4 conversion and H2/CO ratio of synthesis gas under the equilibrium condition. Meanwhile, the inert fraction, rather than the residence time, was selected as additional parameter under non-equilibrium condition.     

助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气镍基催化剂性能的影响

考察了添加助剂铈、镧和钙对镍基催化剂反应性能的影响，发现助剂对以α-Al2O3为载体的镍基催化剂的调变作用比以γ-Al2O3为载体的镍基催化剂好，且助剂铈对催化剂的性能改善最好。在此基础上，研究了不同载量的铈对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，铈的质量分数为1%时对催化剂的性能改善最好。同时采用XRD、XPS、TG等技术，研究了助剂铈对10％Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。XRD分析表明，铈负载量较低时，催化剂中的CeO2高度分散在催化剂表面，铈负载量较高时，CeO2形成微晶颗粒，降低了催化活性。     

钡改性的Ni/γ- Al2O3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化的研究

800 ℃、80 000 h－1、CH4/O2/N2=14/7/79下比较了质量分数20%的Ni/γ- Al2O3和Ba改性的Ni/γ- Al2O3催化剂，用于甲烷部分氧化反应的活性和选择性。结果表明，Ba的添加提高了镍基催化剂的活性和稳定性。BET和XRD表明，Ba的加入有利于高温焙烧下抑制大颗粒的Ni Al2O4的形成，保持了高比例的活性镍组分，提高了催化剂催化活性。常压下，xCH4接近100%，sCO、sH2达到92.2%和98.1%，催化剂15 h内活性稍微下降。Ba的加入使Al2O3的晶型转化温度由800 ℃提高到900 ℃，提高了载体的稳定性。     

核-壳结构Pd-Co3O4@SiO2催化剂的低浓度甲烷催化燃烧性能

用自组装法制备了一种具有核–壳结构的Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂,对其低浓度甲烷催化燃烧性能进行了研究。TEM、XRD、H₂-TPR表征及催化活性测试结果表明,SiO₂壳内的PdO与CoO_x之间的强相互作用,使得Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂对低浓度甲烷燃烧具有优异的催化活性。同时,与负载型Pd/Co₃O₄-SiO₂及Pd/Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂相比,核-壳型Pd-Co₃O₄@SiO₂催化剂经800 ℃煅烧后仍能保持较好的核-壳结构,有效地避免了Pd和Co活性物种的高温烧结,因而具有更高的热稳定性。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的La2O3助Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂

 用MgO与载体Al2O3在高温下焙烧成MgAl2O4尖晶石,防止了Ni在反应过程中与载体形成NiAl2O4, 促进了Ni在载体表面的分散. 应用CODEX软件优化了La2O3在Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂中的加入量和活化温度. La2O3助Ni/MgAl2O4在本文实验条件下经100 h反应后活性和选择性均未发生变化. 程序升温烧碳结果表明,催化剂表面仅存在一种较高温度下才可除去的碳物种,它可能是石墨碳. XRD和BET结果证实,催化剂具有较高的结构稳定性. 荧光分析结果表明,在100 h的反应过程中活性组分未发生明显流失. 根据脉冲反应结果对以Niδ+-(La2O4-x)δ-作为氧的活性位和Ni0作为甲烷的活性位的直接氧化反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

CeO2-MnOx催化剂形貌对低浓度甲烷催化燃烧反应性能的影响

采用水热合成法制备了船形、扁球形及纳米片CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物。并运用低温N₂吸脱附、XRD、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR、拉曼光谱、XPS等表征技术对不同形貌CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的结构与其低浓度CH₄催化燃烧反应性能之间的关系进行了关联。结果表明,CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的形貌与其催化性能密切相关。其中,扁球形CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物的氧空位、Ce³⁺含量及表面吸附活性氧物种最多,其CH₄催化燃烧反应活性最高,540℃时,可将CH₄完全转化;其次是船形CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物催化剂,540℃时其CH₄转化率为94.05%;与前两者相比,纳米片CeO₂-MnO_x复合氧化物催化剂的氧空位及表面吸附活性氧物种较少,活性较差,相同反应温度下,其CH₄转化率仅为89.68%。     

Nanocast mesoporous MgAl2O4 spinel monoliths as support for highly active gold CO oxidation catalyst

Mesoporous MgAl2O4 spinel monolith was synthesized by the nanocasting pathway; high activity in CO oxidation was observed over gold catalysts based on such monoliths as support.     

Syngas production from methane dry reforming over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst

Research on Chemical Intermediates - We evaluated dry reforming of methane in a tubular fixed-bed reactor at various reaction temperatures from 923 to 973 K using different reactant...     

铈、铌改性镁铝尖晶石作为催化降烯烃助剂的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Ce/MgAl2O4,Nb/MgAl2O4流化催化裂化（FCC）汽油降烯烃助剂,在小型固定床反应装置上考察了不同镁铝配比和Ce,Nb改性对助剂降烯烃性能的影响。并采用XRD和IR分析手段对助剂的降烯烃机制进行了分析。结果表明,经Ce改性后助剂的降烯烃活性较Nb改性高,镁铝比为1∶1时,添加20?元素的助剂可将烯烃的体积分数降低30%以上。XRD结果表明Ce,Nb的加入增强了镁铝尖晶石的氢转移活性,IR分析表明弱酸中心有利于助剂降烯烃。     

制备方法对Ni/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂甲烷部分氧化催化性能的影响

采用浸渍-沉淀法、水热合成法、共沉淀法和柠檬酸络合法制备了Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了制备方法对该催化剂的物理结构和甲烷部分氧化(POM)催化性能的影响。利用N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H₂-程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、NH₃-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、热重(TG)分析等手段对反应前后催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。实验结果表明,浸渍-沉淀法制备催化剂的活性和产物H₂和CO的选择性最低。而柠檬酸络合法制备的Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃表现出最大的CH₄转化率和最高的CO、H₂选择性。BET和XRD表征结果表明,柠檬酸络合法制备的Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃的比表面积最大,且CeO₂晶粒粒径小、分散均匀;H₂-TPR测试表明,该催化剂负载的Ni物种和Ni与Al₂O₃相互作用产生的尖晶石NiAl₂O₄都较容易被还原成金属Ni,产生更多的活性中心;NH₃-TPD和TG分析表明,该催化剂具有较多酸性位点和表面积炭,但相比较于它的高反应活性,积炭速率较低、稳定性较高。     

2D-mapping of the catalyst structure inside a catalytic microreactor at work: partial oxidation of methane over Rh/Al2O3

Tremendous changes of the structure of Rh particles occurred during partial methane oxidation to hydrogen and carbon monoxide over a 2.5 wt % Rh/Al(2)O(3) catalyst upon ignition of the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, near the ignition temperature a variation in the Rh-valence state along the catalyst bed was observed. By combining hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (X-ray absorption near edge structure, XANES) with a charged coupled device (CCD) camera and using a suitable spectroscopic cell with gas supply and on-line mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that 2D-mapping of the Rh-oxidation state in a catalyst bed can be achieved during the catalytic reaction. For this purpose, X-ray images were recorded with the CCD camera at each energy around the Rh K-edge with and without the spectroscopic cell. This resulted effectively in the transmitted and incident intensity at each energy and at each pixel of the spectroscopic cell. Reconstruction of the full Rh K-edge XANES spectra at each pixel revealed the local distribution of oxidized and metallic Rh-species in the catalyst bed. Along the catalyst bed, structural changes were found with a steep gradient within less than 100 microm. Furthermore, a characteristic cone toward the inlet of the spectroscopic cell was observed.     

Effect of promoters on the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

The effect of promoters such as Ce, La and Ca on catalytic performance of Ni catalyst was measured in a continuous fixed bed reactor. The effect of promoters on Ni/a-Al₂O₃ catalyst is more significant than on Ni/g-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Ce was proved to be the best promoter among the three promoters tested and the optimum loading of Ce was 1%. The catalyst was characterized by TG, XPS, TPR and XRD techniques. TPR results showed that Ce can improve the reducibility of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst. XRD results indicated that Ce was highly dispersed when its loading was low, but at higher loading it was crystallized into bulk CeO₂, thus, decreased the catalytic activity. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ni-Cu /La2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

用浸渍法制备了不同Cu质量分数的Ni Cu/La2O3双金属催化剂,考察了金属浸渍顺序和Cu质量分数对催化剂甲烷部分氧化性能的影响,并通过BET、XRD、TPR和SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中,Cu助剂的添加对Ni/La2O3催化剂的活性有一定的改进作用,其中浸渍顺序对催化剂的性能影响很大,共浸渍制备的催化剂活性相对较好;Cu质量分数为5%~7%时催化剂有较好的活性和稳定性;XRD等测试表明,Cu和Ni金属由于相同的晶型结构及离子半径在制备过程中形成了双金属固溶体,提高了活性组分Ni的分散度,减少了Ni晶粒的烧结聚集长大,从而提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

焙烧温度对甲烷催化部分氧化Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用TPR、BET、XRD、TG及反应性能评价等研究方法,考察了焙烧温度对甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化剂结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明,随焙烧温度的升高, Ni/MgO-Al2O3中的镍物种与载体作用逐渐增强,生成了NiAl2O4尖晶石和NiMgO2固熔体。虽然焙烧温度提高会使催化剂比表面降低,由于尖晶石结构的形成,其热稳定性会明显提高,将有利于抑制催化剂在反应过程中因烧结而失活的可能性。与低温焙烧的催化剂相比,高温焙烧的催化剂仍表现出良好催化反应性能,并具有相对较好的稳定性。高温焙烧的催化剂在反应过程中床层的热点温度相对较低,热点温度波动幅度也较小。低温和高温焙烧的Ni/MgO-Al2O3催化剂在常压、1 083 K、CH4与O2摩尔比为1.8、空速2.66×105 h－1的反应条件下均具有良好的抗积炭性能。     

Novel Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 composite catalysts synthesized by one-step citric acid complex and their performance in catalytic partial oxidation of methane

A series of novel Ni/CeO2-Al2O3composite catalysts were synthesized by one-step citric acid complex method. The as-synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2physical adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA). The effects of nickel content, calcination and reaction temperatures, gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) and inert gas dilution of N2on their performance of catalytic partial oxidation of methane(CPOM) were investigated. Catalytic activity test results show that the highest methane conversion(85%), the best selectivities to carbon monoxide(87%) and to hydrogen(95%), the excellent stability and perfect H2/CO ratio(2.0) can be obtained over Ni/CeO2-Al2O3with 8 wt% Ni content calcined at 700 ℃ under the reaction condition of 750 ℃, CH4/O2ratio of 2 : 1 and gas hourly space velocity of 12000 mL h-1 g-1. Characterization results show that the good catalytic performance of this composite catalyst can be contributed to its large specific surface area(～108 m2 g-1), small crystallite size, easy reducibility and low coking rate.     

Novel Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 composite catalysts synthesized by one-step citric acid complex and their performance in catalytic partial oxidation of methane

A series of novel Ni/CeO2-Al2O3composite catalysts were synthesized by one-step citric acid complex method. The as-synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2physical adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA). The effects of nickel content, calcination and reaction temperatures, gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) and inert gas dilution of N2on their performance of catalytic partial oxidation of methane(CPOM) were investigated. Catalytic activity test results show that the highest methane conversion(85%), the best selectivities to carbon monoxide(87%) and to hydrogen(95%), the excellent stability and perfect H2/CO ratio(2.0) can be obtained over Ni/CeO2-Al2O3with 8 wt% Ni content calcined at 700 ℃ under the reaction condition of 750 ℃, CH4/O2ratio of 2 : 1 and gas hourly space velocity of 12000 mL h-1 g-1. Characterization results show that the good catalytic performance of this composite catalyst can be contributed to its large specific surface area(～108 m2 g-1), small crystallite size, easy reducibility and low coking rate.     

Photoinduced radical processes on the spinel (MgAl2O4) surface involving methane, ammonia, and methane/ammonia

The present study explored photoinduced radical processes caused by interaction of CH(4) and NH(3) with a photoexcited surface of a complex metal oxide: magnesium-aluminum spinel (MgAl(2)O(4); MAS). UV irradiation of MAS in vacuo yielded V-type color centers as evidenced by the 360 nm band in difference diffuse reflectance spectra. Interaction of these H-bearing molecules with photogenerated surface-active hole states (O(S)(-)?) yielded radical species which on recombination produced more complex molecules (including heteroatomic species) relative to the initial molecules. For the MAS/CH(4) system, photoinduced dissociative adsorption of CH(4) on surface-active hole centers produced ?CH(3) radicals that recombined to yield CH(3)CH(3). For MAS/NH(3), a similar dissociative adsorption process led to formation of ?NH(2) radicals with formation of NH(2)NH(2) as an intermediate product; continued UV irradiation ultimately yielded N(2). For the mixed MAS/CH(4)/NH(3) system, however, interaction of adsorbed NH(3) and CH(4) on the UV-activated surface of MAS yielded ?NH(2) and ?CH(3) radicals, respectively, which produced CH(3)-NH(2) followed by loss of the remaining hydrogens to form a surface-adsorbed cyanide, CN(S), species. Recombination of photochemically produced radicals released sufficient energy to re-excite the solid spinel, generating new surface-active sites and a flash luminescence (emission decay time at 520 nm, τ ~ 6 s for the MAS/NH(3) case) referred to as the PhICL effect.     

Partial hydrogenation of adiponitrile to 6-aminocapronitrile over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 catalyst promoted with K_2O and La_2O_3

A novel K2O and La2O3 promoted nickel catalyst supported on a-Al2O3 was prepared by co-impregnation method, and it exhibited higher activity and 6-aminocapronitrile selectivity than Ni/a-Al2O3 during the hydrogenation of adiponitrile in the absence of ammonia, i.e., K2O and La2O3 improved the performance of the nickel-based catalyst.