微波辐射紫茎泽兰制备优质活性炭的研究

以紫茎泽兰为原料,碳酸钾为活化剂,采用超声波浸渍,微波辐射法制备活性炭.研究了浸渍方式与时间、微波功率、微波辐射时间、剂料比对活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响.得到了本实验条件下的优化工艺条件:超声波浸渍20min、120℃脱水2h,微波功率700W、微波辐射时间12min、剂料比1.25∶1.优化工艺条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值为1470.27mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为300mL/g,得率为16.35%.浸渍时间极大的缩短,微波辐射时间只有传统法活化时间的1/15左右,活性炭的吸附指标超过了国标GB/T 13803.1-1999和GB/T 13803.2-1999一级品的标准,其中碘吸附值是国家一级标准的1.47倍,亚甲基蓝吸附值是国家一级标准的2.73倍.同时,测定了该活性炭氮吸附,其BET比表面积为1540.97m2/g,总孔容为0.7393mL/g,并通过DFT表征了活性炭的孔径分布,结果表明该活性炭为微孔型活性炭.     

高吸附性能油焦活性炭的制备和性能研究

用油焦为原料，在高温下加入适量活化剂进行活化制备活性炭，通过测定其BET比表面积和亚甲基蓝脱色能力，选出最佳活化剂。研究了活化温度、活化时间以及活化剂用量对BET比表面积和亚甲基蓝脱色能力的影响，得到活化的最佳工艺过程：活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1h以及活化剂用量为1：1。用双柱定容容量法测定了本实验制备的活性炭对甲烷的吸附量，与常用活性炭比较，是其吸附量的5倍左右。     

KOH活化木屑生物炭制备活性炭及其表征

以木屑热裂解的生物质炭为原料,氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用化学活化法制备活性炭,探讨了碱炭比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。 利用N2吸附实验、XRD和FTIR等实验技术,对原料与制备活性炭的结构与性能进行了表征。 结果表明,在碱炭质量比为1.5、活化温度750 ℃、活化时间2 h的条件下,所制备的活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附值为255 mg/g,BET总比表面积为1514 m2/g,中孔比表面积为110 m2/g,吸附总孔容为0.821 cm3/g,中孔孔容为0.117 cm3/g,吸附平均孔径为2.170 nm。     

KOH活化糠醛渣制备活性炭及其表征

以糠醛渣为原料、KOH为活化剂,采用两步活化法制备了活性炭。考察了活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比和浸渍时间对活性炭孔结构及吸附性能的影响。采用低温N2吸附、BET、BJH及DFT理论对活性炭孔结构进行了表征分析,利用傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测其表面官能团,分别使用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对其进行表观形貌观察和晶型分析。结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:活化温度800℃、活化时间3h、碱炭比3∶1、浸渍时间12h。所制备的糠醛渣活性炭的吸附孔径分布集中,吸附孔容为0.8825cm2/g,DFT总比表面积为3290.5m2/g,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为2107.32mg/g和39.67mL/0.1g。     

KOH活化糠醛渣制备活性炭机理与表征

以糠醛渣为原料、KOH为活化剂,采用两步活化法制备了活性炭。考察了活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比和浸渍时间对活性炭孔结构及吸附性能的影响。采用低温N2吸附、BET、BJH及DFT理论对活性炭孔结构进行了表征分析,利用傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪检测其表面官能团,分别使用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对其进行表观形貌观察和晶型分析。结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为:活化温度800℃、活化时间3h、碱炭比3∶1、浸渍时间12h。所制备的糠醛渣活性炭的吸附孔径分布集中,吸附孔容为0.8825cm2/g,DFT总比表面积为3290.5m2/g,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为2107.32mg/g和39.67mL/0.1g。     

数学方法在活性炭对亚甲基蓝脱色力测定中的应用

GB/T1 2 4 96.2 - 1 990标准提供的活性炭对亚甲基蓝脱色力的测定法 ,是将一定体积的亚甲基蓝溶液 (在波长 665nm处用 1 cm比色皿进行测定吸光度为 0 .35)加到 0 .1 0 0 g活性炭中 ,经充分振荡 ,过滤后 ,仍然用 1 cm比色皿在波长 665nm处 ,测定滤液的吸光度 ,当其值在 0 .0 4～ 0 .0 7时 ,亚甲基蓝溶液的加入量 ,即为测得的活性炭对亚甲基蓝的脱色力。由于这一测定方法的特殊性 ,通常需做多次试验 ,才能恰好使滤液的吸光度落在 0 .0 4～ 0 .0 7,给日常分析工作带来了很大的不便 ,本文利用数学方法 ,提出了一种较为简单的测定方法。1　原理…     

花生壳活性炭的制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附效果研究

在无N2条件下,以农业废弃物花生壳为材料,分别以氯化锌和碳酸钾为活化剂制备活性炭。通过正交试验以亚甲级蓝的吸附为考察对象,获得最优工艺条件。通过扫描电镜观测活性炭表面形貌并研究各因素吸附效果的影响,与市售活性碳对比。氯化锌活性炭最优工艺条件:浸渍温度90℃、浸渍时间12 h、物料比1∶2、活化温度650℃、活化时间60 min。碳酸钾活性炭最优工艺条件:浸渍温度120℃、浸渍时间6 h、物料比1∶2、活化温度650℃、活化时间100 min。扫描电镜观测结果表明,活性炭表面均形成了丰富的1μm左右的孔状结构,并且以ZnCl2为活化剂的活性炭形成部分超大孔径,造成表面有少量的坍塌结构。自制的两种最优活性炭的吸附量均大于商业活性炭,同时自制活性炭吸附平衡时间更短,可以使用的温度范围更宽。     

水蒸气活化制备烟杆基颗粒活性炭的研究

以烟杆废弃物为原料,以木焦油为主的复合粘结剂,通过水蒸气活化制备了烟杆基颗粒活性炭.对影响颗粒活性炭吸附性能和收率的因素如活化温度、活化时间、水蒸气流量进行了系统研究,得到了最佳工艺条件:活化温度为900℃,活化时间为60 min,水蒸气流量为3.31 g/min.该工艺条件下,烟杆基颗粒活性炭对碘的吸附值为1028 mg/g,对亚甲基蓝的吸附值为285 mg/g,收率为24.39%.同时,测定了该活性炭氮吸附,通过BET计算了活性炭的比表面积,并通过密度函数理论(DFT)表征了活性炭的孔结构.结果表明,该活性炭为微孔型,BET比表面积为1073 m2/g,总孔容为0.8152 ml/g.     

活化赤泥对染料废水吸附性能研究

以赤泥为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为活化剂,制备出活化赤泥吸附剂,并对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料废水吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,活化赤泥对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果有一定提高。振荡时间15min,活化赤泥6g·L~(-1),中性条件下,对40mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝吸附率可达90%。吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等式,最大吸附量为16.37mg·g~(-1)。活化赤泥吸附亚甲基蓝为放热反应,低温利于亚甲基蓝吸附。     

甘氨酸母液脱色活性炭的微波法再生研究

脱色甘氨酸母液的废活性炭,是一类吸附有有机胺类聚合物且难以再生的危险固体废弃物。本文探索性地开展了微波法再生脱色甘氨酸母液废活性炭的研究,考察了活性炭在微波炉中的放置方式、含水率以及微波反应条件等对活性炭再生率和炭损率的影响,分别采用红外光谱法、BET法对活性炭进行了分析表征。实验结果表明,在功率640 W、反应时间8 min的条件下,废活性炭的再生率达99%、综合再生率达59.0%,对再生活性碳进行红外光谱分析表明,在微波功率大于480 W后,微波辐射能有效去除废活性炭中的有机物;在微波功率800W条件下,再生活性炭的BET比表面积由废活性炭的128.15 m2/g提高到1398.5437 m2/g,已达到新鲜活性炭的性能。     

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation

Activated carbon production from almond shells using phosphoric acid activation agent was achieved by applying both conventional heating and microwave heating in succession. The morphology and surface properties of activated carbon were studied using thermogravimetric and differential gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. A surface area of 1128 m²/g was achieved by optimizing the microwave power (500?W), microwave application time (15?minutes), conventional heating time (45?minutes), conventional heating temperature (500?°C), and the phosphoric acid:sample ratio (0.7:1). An adsorption capacity of methylene blue of 148?mg/g and an iodine value of 791?mg/g was obtained for the prepared activated carbon.     

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sesame Seed Shells by Microwave and Conventional Heating with Zinc Chloride Activation

The preparation of activated carbon from sesame shells as raw precursor was investigated in the study by sequentially applying microwave and conventional heating methods assisted by zinc chloride activation. The optimizisation of experimental parameters including microwave power, microwave treatment time, conventional activation time, conventional activation temperature and zinc chloride concentration ratio for the microwave and conventional heating method was performed. The characterization of the prepared activated carbon was done by thermogravimetric and differential thermal measurements, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses. The maximum surface area of 1254?m²/g for the prepared activated carbon was obtained at a microwave power of 750?W, a microwave treatment time of 20?min, an activation time of 45?min, an activation temperature of 500°C and zinc chloride concentration ratio of 1:1. Methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacities for the prepared activated carbon were 103 and 1199?mg/g, respectively.     

Adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye using microwave-assisted activated carbon derived from acacia wood: Optimization and batch studies

This study assesses the performance of optimized acacia wood-based activated carbon (AWAC) as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal in aqueous solution. AWAC was prepared via a physicochemical activation process that consists of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment, followed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) gasification under microwave heating. By using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum preparation conditions of radiation power, radiation time, and KOH-impregnation ratio (IR) were determined to be 360 W, 4.50 min, and 0.90 g/g respectively, which resulted in 81.20 mg/g of MB dye removal and 27.96% of AWAC’s yield. Radiation power and IR had a major effect on MB dye removal while radiation power and radiation time caused the greatest impact on AWAC’s yield. BET surface area, mesopore surface area, and pore volume of optimized AWAC were found to be 1045.56 m²/g, 689.77 m²/g, and 0.54 cm³/g, respectively. Adsorption of MB onto AWAC followed Langmuir and pseudo-second order for isotherm and kinetic studies respectively, with a Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of 338.29 mg/g. Mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion mechanism and indicated to be thermodynamically exothermic in nature.     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from pine cone by microwave-induced ZnCl2 activation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue

In this work, activated carbon prepared from pine cone (PCAC) with ZnCl₂ as an activation agent under microwave radiation was investigated. The activation step was performed at the microwave input power of 400 W and radiation time of 5 min. The properties of activated carbon were characterized by N₂ adsorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the BET surface area, Langmuir surface area, and total pore volume of PCAC were 939, 1,486 m²/g and 0.172 cm³/g, respectively. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated by the iodine numbers. The adsorptive property of PCAC was tested using methylene blue dye. Equilibrium data was best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 60.97 mg/g. The pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were examined to evaluate the kinetic data, and the rate constants were calculated. Adsorption of the dyes followed pseudo-first order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy of dye adsorption were obtained.     

Comparative study for the removal of methylene blue via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation

Physically and chemically activated carbons were prepared from date pits and olive stones. Titania and WO(x)-TiO(2)/MCM-41 were prepared as photoactive catalysts. Surface characterizations were investigated from ash content, pH, base neutralization capacities and FT-IR techniques. The textural characteristics, namely specific surface area (S(BET)) and pore texture, were determined from low temperature adsorption of N(2) at 77 K. The decolorization of aqueous solution of methylene blue was performed by means of two alternative methods. Steam-activated carbons own higher surface area compared with ZnCl(2)-activated carbons, and the micropore surface area represents the major contribution of the total area. Steam-activated carbons were the most efficient decolorizing adsorbents owing to its higher surface area, total pore volume and the basic nature of the surface. The calculated values of DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0) and DeltaS(0) indicate the spontaneous behavior of adsorption. The photocatalytic degradation is more convenient method in decolorizing of methylene blue compared with the adsorption process onto activated carbons.     

活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附能力的改进

活性碳纤维不仅对有机物有高的吸附容量,对贵金属离子也具有强的还原吸附能力,可将Pd(Ⅱ）,Ag（Ⅰ）,Au（Ⅲ）等离子还原为金属单质。因而可用于提取矿液或加收废液中的贵金属。由此,提高或改善贵金属在活性碳纤维上的还原吸附容量或分布形成,显得非常重要。本文研究了活性碳纤维制备条件、表面氧化改性、以有负载有机物等对活性碳纤维还原能力的影响。结果表明,（1）制备条件对剑麻基活性碳纤维的还原能力有很大的影响。用H3PO4或ZnCl2活化的活性碳纤维对银离子具有更高的还原吸附容量,分别可达250和700mg/g,约为水蒸汽活化剑麻基活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附容量的2倍和5倍。（2）过氧化氢、高锰酸钾、或硝酸等无机氧化剂对活性碳纤维进行表面改性,也能提高活性碳纤维的还原能力。结果表明,虽然改性活性碳纤维的比表面积和孔体积下降10-20%左右,但基表面含氧量及含氧基团的种类发生了改变。这些改性活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附量大幅度提高,可达550mg/g以上。推断表面改性在活性碳纤维表面创造了更多有利于碱性条件下发生氧化还原的活性点。（3）在活性碳纤维表面负载适当的有机物如亚甲基蓝、苯胺或对硝基苯酚,也能显著提高活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附能力。     

Characterization of Microwave and Conventional Heating on the Pyrolysis of Pistachio Shells for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Iodine

The production of activated carbon was investigated using the sequential combination of microwave and conventional heating of pistachio shells as the raw precursor with zinc chloride. Several techniques such as thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area analyses were performed to characterize the samples. The highest specific surface area value for the activated carbon prepared at a microwave power of 200?W with microwave time of 20?min, and flow rate of 50?mL?min^?1 was 1468?m²?g^?1. The methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacities were 331 and 1276?mg?g^?1, respectively. The results were compared to those obtained using physical and chemical activation methods and showed that the sequential combination of microwave and conventional heating reasonably influenced the micropore surface area of the samples as well as the specific surface area.     

Microwave‐synthesized Pepper Peduncle Carbon,Characterization, and Its Adsorption Studies

Adsorption on activated carbon is an efficient method for the removal of toxic dyes. However, since commercially available charcoal is quite expensive, activated carbon obtained from agricultural by‐products may serve as a good replacement. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from pepper peduncle, an agricultural waste product, by microwave activation. The synthesized carbon was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis techniques. It was then used for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution, which was studied as a function of the dye concentration, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics was studied by employing first‐ and second‐order kinetic models, and it was found that the adsorption of methylene blue on the synthesized activated carbon follows a second‐order kinetic model. Effect of temperature on the adsorption process was studied, and the thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, change in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of adsorption were calculated on the basis of the absolute theory of reaction rate expressions. About 99.5–91.8% of the dye was removed for an initial dye concentration in the range 20–100 mg/g in 1 h. Thus the synthesized activated carbon was found to be very efficient in adsorbing the dye.     

Conversion of teak wood waste into microwave-irradiated activated carbon for cationic methylene blue dye removal: Optimization and batch studies

The objective of this study is to find optimum preparation conditions in converting teak wood waste into activated carbon (TWAC) and to evaluate its performance in adsorbing cationic dye of methylene blue (MB). TWAC was produced via physiochemical activation (potassium hydroxide, KOH chemical treatment, and carbon dioxide, CO₂ gasification) and heated through microwave irradiation technique. With the aid of response surface methodology (RSM), optimized TWAC was successfully synthesized at radiation power, radiation time, and impregnation ratio (IR) of 366 W, 5.30 min, and 1.15 g/g, respectively. These preparation conditions produced TWAC with MB adsorption uptakes of 66.69 mg/g and a yield of 38.23%. Characteristics of TWAC in terms of BET surface area, mesopores surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter were determined to be 1345.25 m²/g, 878.63 m²/g, 0.6140 cm³/g, and 2.85 nm, respectively. Isotherm studies divulged that the MB-TWAC adsorption system followed the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 567.52 mg/g. In terms of kinetic studies, this adsorption system fit pseudo-second order model the best whereas Boyd plot confirmed that the adsorption process was controlled by the film diffusion mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy change, ΔH°, entropy change, ΔS°, Gibbs free energy, ΔG° and Arrhenius activation energy, E_a were calculated to be ?4.06 kJ/mol, 0.06 kJ/mol.K, –22.69 kJ/mol and 16.03 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation and microwave heating methods employed succeeded to produce TWAC with excellent adsorption performance in removing MB dye. TWAC was also successfully regenerated for 5 cycles via microwave heating technique.