Magnetostriction of Fe81Ga19 oriented crystals

The effect of the orientation on the magnetostriction in Fe 81 Ga 19 alloy has been investigated experimentally and theoretically.The Fe 81 Ga 19 [001] and [110] oriented crystals were prepared and the magnetostriction was measured under different pre-stress.The saturation magnetostriction of the [001] oriented crystal increases from 170×10-6 to 330×10-6 under the pre-stress from 0 to 50 MPa.The [110] oriented crystal has a saturation magnetostriction from 20×10-6 to 140×10-6 with the compressive pre-stress from 0 to 40 MPa.The magnetostriction of [001] and [110] oriented crystals has been simulated based on the phenomenological theory.The domain rotation path has been determined and the resultant magnetostriction calculated under different pre-stress.The experimental and simulated results both show that the [001] oriented crystal exhibits better magnetostriction than [110] oriented crystal.The enhancement of the saturation magnetostriction by the compressive pre-stress in the [110] oriented crystal is higher than that in the [001] oriented crystal.     

Magnetoelasticity and elasticity of Fe85Ga15 single crystals under coupled magnetomechanical loading

The effect of coupled magnetomechanical loading on magnetostriction and compressive strain of Fe-Ga alloys has been investigated. A shift from negative to positive magnetostriction was observed with increase in compressive stress on a Fe₈₅Ga₁₅ single crystal. Non-linear behavior of the compressive strain in different magnetic fields was observed during the compressive loading and unloading process. These phenomena can clearly be explained by a model based on the magnetic-domain-switching process. The Young's modulus can also be obtained from the measured stress-strain curves.     

Structure,magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Fe81Ga19 thin films

The structure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Fe₈₁Ga₁₉ thin films have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer and capacitive cantilever method. It was found that the grain size of as-deposited Fe₈₁Ga₁₉ thin films is 50–60 nm and the grain size increases with increase in the annealing temperature. The remanence ratio (M_r/M_s) of the thin films slowly decreases with increase in the annealing temperature. However, the coercivity of the thin films goes the opposite way with increase in the annealing temperature. A preferential orientation of the Fe₈₁Ga₁₉ thin film fabricated under an applied magnetic field exists along 〈1 0 0〉 direction due to the function of magnetic field during sputtering. An in-plane-induced anisotropy of the thin film is well formed by the applied magnetic field during the sputtering and the formation of in-plane-induced anisotropy results in 90° rotations of the magnetic domains during magnetization and in the increase of magnetostriction for the thin film.     

Study of the magnetostrictive strains in Pr6Fe11Ga3 alloy

Magnetoelastic properties of the Pr₆Fe₁₁Ga₃ alloy are studied by magnetostriction and thermal expansion measurements. The effects of short- and long-range magnetic ordering processes about Curie temperature clearly appear in the temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetostriction as two increasing steps with decreasing temperatures. Thermal variations of the total magnetocrystalline anisotropy introduce pronounce changes in the isofield curves of the forced magnetostriction as a negative minimum below 200 K, a compensation phenomena about 250 K, and a positive maximum between 250 K and T_c=320 K. The observed behavior of magnetostriction is discussed in terms of the competitive anisotropies of Pr and Fe sublattices and coupling magnetostrictive constants.     

Electronic Structure and Elastic Properties of Ti3AlC from First-Principles Calculations

We perform a first-principles study on the electronic structure and elastic properties of TiaA1C with an antiperovskite structure. The absence of band gap at the Fermi level and the finite value of the density of states at the Fermi energy reveal the metallic behavior of this compound. The elastic constants of Ti3AlC are derived yielding c11 = 356 GPa, c12 = 55 GPa, c44 = 157 GPa. The bulk modulus B, shear modulus G and Young＇s modulus E are determined to be 156, 151 and 342 GPa, respectively. These properties are compared with those of Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC with a layered structure in the Ti-Al-C system and FeaAlC with the same antiperovskite structure.     

Large magnetostriction and structural characteristics of Fe83Ga17 wires

The columnar-grained structure induced by directional solidification was beneficial to improve the deformability of Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ alloy. Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ wires with diameter of 0.5∼0.9 mm were prepared successfully by hot rotary swaging and warm drawing from the directional solidified rods. The magnetostriction and microstructure of the as-drawn and the annealed Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ wires with diameter of 0.6 mm were investigated. Results demonstrated that the magnetostriction of Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ wires depended on the microstructure and the fiber texture, which were controlled by heat treatment process. The maximum magnetostriction of 160 ppm was detected in the annealed wire, which has the ideal <100> fiber texture. The phase mixture of A2 containing heterogeneous modified-DO₃ phase has beneficial effect on magnetostriction.     

甩带Fe85Ga15合金的巨磁致伸缩研究

利用甩带快淬方法制备了Fe₈₅Ga₁₅合金样品.测量了样品在沿带片长度方向和厚度方向上的磁致伸缩，发现其值分别高达－1300ppm和＋1100ppm.巨大磁致伸 缩的获得来源于甩带样品的形状各向异性和合金内部生成的大量短程应变有序以及它们的择优取向.样 品温度特性的测量表明，在室温附近约60℃宽的温度范围，合金的磁致伸缩数值基本保持不 变；而在高温条件下，合金具有更大的磁致伸缩. 关键词： 磁致伸缩 Fe-Ga合金 甩带快淬     

离轴磁场退火后Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95〈110〉取向晶体的磁致伸缩"跳跃"效应

将〈110〉取向Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe_1.95合金棒放在与轴向成35°夹角的外磁场中退火处理,研究其在0—30 MPa预压应力σpre作用下的磁致伸缩效应.结果表明,σpre=0条件下的饱和磁致伸缩值λs由退火前的1023×10^-6提高到1650×10^-6;σpre 关键词： 磁致伸缩 磁场退火 磁致伸缩"跳跃"效应     

Short range order transformation and magnetostriction of Fe83Ga17 ribbons

The relationship between magnetostriction and structure of melt-spun Fe 83 Ga 17 ribbons are investigated by XRD and M¨ossbauer spectrum technique(MS).As the heat-treatment temperature increases from 650℃ to 800℃,the magnetostriction coefficient of Fe 83 Ga 17 ribbon first increases and then decreases.The largest magnetostriction coefficient(578.4 ppm) is achieved in those specimens quenched at 750℃.According to the XRD and Mo¨ssbauer spectrum analysis,a small quantity of DO 3 phase is precipitated in Fe 83 Ga 17 ribbons when quenched from 650℃ and the DO 3 phase is gradually transformed into B2-like phase if quenched at higher temperature.However,both DO 3 and B2-like phases disappear when the temperature increases up to 800℃.From this point of view,B2-like phase might be beneficial to the enhancement of magnetostrictive properties of melt-spun ribbons.     

压应力对Fe0.81 Ga0.19单晶磁化和磁致伸缩的影响

研究了Fe_0.81Ga_0.19合金单晶沿[100]方向的磁机械效应和磁致伸缩效应.基于Stoner-Wohlfarth模型,通过数值计算获得了在压应力和外磁场联合作用下磁化强度的方向余弦.研究表明,随着压应力的增加,退磁态下合金中的磁各向异性会由三轴各向异性向双轴各向异性转变.这使得合金中 90° 畴的体积分数增加,导致磁致伸缩效应增大. 关键词： FeGa合金 磁机械效应 巨磁致伸缩效应     

Wiedemann effect of Fe—Ga based magnetostrictive wires

(Fe83Ga17)98Cr2 wires each with a diameter of 0.7 mm are prepared by hot swaging and warm drawing from the casting rods directly,because the ductility of Fe83Ga17 alloy is improved by adding Cr element.The Wiedemann twists and dependences on magnetostrictions of Fe83Ga17 and(Fe83Ga17)98Cr2 wires are investigated.The largest observed Wiedemann twists of 245 s·cm-1 and 182 s·cm-1 are detected in the annealed Fe83Ga17 and(Fe83Ga17)98Cr2 wires,respectively.The magnetostrictions of the annealed Fe83Ga17 and(Fe83Ga17)98Cr2 wires are 160 ppm and 107 ppm,respectively.The maximum of the Wiedemann twist increases with magnetostriction increasing.However the magnetostriction is just one important factor that affects the Wiedemann effect of alloy wire,and the relationship between magnetostriction and Wiedemann effect is a complex function rather than a simple function.     

Volume and structural study of Fe64Mn36 anti-ferromagnetic Invar alloy under high pressure

We have investigated the pressure variation of the volume and structure of an FCC Fe₆₄Mn₃₆ anti-ferromagnetic Invar alloy. The inclination of the pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the FCC structure becomes discontinuous at a pressure of 4 GPa. According to the bulk modulus at zero pressure estimated by the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, the pressure between 4 and 10 GPa is 33 GPa larger than that at a pressure below 4 GPa. Considering previous experiments on magnetism at high pressure the Neel temperature at 4 GPa almost decreases to room temperature. These results suggest that the increase in the bulk modulus by 33 GPa can be attributed to the pressure-induced magnetic phase transition from anti-ferromagnetism to paramagnetism. Volume at zero pressure was estimated using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The volume of FCC structure in the anti-ferromagnetic state was 1.17% larger than the volume in the paramagnetic state, namely, the spontaneous magnetostriction was 1.17%. Pressure-induced structural transition from FCC to HCP occurs with an increase in the pressure, especially at up to 5 GPa. The value of c/a is 1.62; this value almost corresponds to that of an ideal HCP structure. The bulk modulus of the HCP structure estimated by the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state is larger than that of the FCC structure, and the volume/atom ratio is smaller than that of the FCC structure.     

First-Principles Calculations of Elastic Properties of Cubic Ni2MnGa

Dependence of bulk modulus on both pressure and temperature, the elastic constants Cij and the pressure and temperature dependence of normalized volume V/Vo of cubic Ni2MnGa alloy are successfully obtained using the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential （PW-PP） method as well as the quasi-harmonic Debye model. We analyse the relationship between bulk modulus and temperature up to 800 K and obtain the relationships between bulk modulus B and pressures at different temperatures. It is found that the bulk modulus B increases monotonically with increasing pressure. Moreover, the temperature dependences of the Debye temperature are also analysed. The calculated results are in agreement with the available experimental data and the previous theoreticM results.     

Magnetostriction relative to pretransition in Ni50.5Mn24.5Ga25 single crystal

The strain behaviors as well as the structural and magnetic changes relative to the pretransition in the Ni_50.5Mn_24.5Ga₂₅ single crystals have been characterized by various methods, such as pretransition strain, magnetostriction, magnetization measurements, and TEM observations. A large magnetostriction up to 505 ppm measured in the [001] direction of the sample is obtained at the pretransition temperature with only a low magnetic field of about 1 kOe applied along the [010] direction. We found that not only the pretransition strain pronounces a more large change, but also the magnetostriction at a certain temperature exhibits a more large magnitude for field applied along the [010] direction than with field along the [001] direction. It is concluded that the magnetoelastic interaction is responsible for the premartensitic transition, and the magnetoelastic interaction in the [010] direction is stronger than that in the [001] direction.     

Ni47Mn32Ga21多晶合金的磁熵变和磁感生应变

对定向凝固方法制备的Ni₄₇Mn₃₂Ga₂₁多晶合金,通过扫描电镜、金相、电子能谱等手段研究其组份和组织形貌,通过对合金磁化强度与温度关系、等温磁化曲线及磁感生应变曲线等的测量分析,研究了合金结构相变和磁相变过程中的磁熵变及不同压力下的磁感生应变. 研究结果表明:合金组份与设计组份基本一致,室温下合金大部分为马氏体相. 升温过程中合金的磁熵变在居里温度(365 K)附近有最大值,并有较大的磁熵变峰值半高宽,747 kA/m的磁场下该磁熵变最大值为-1.45 J/kg ·K,磁熵变峰值的半高宽为21 K. 合金在室温(298 K)下有较好的双向可恢复磁感生应变,480 kA/m磁场下,无压力时合金的磁感生应变值达到-670×10^-6,并趋饱和;而在与磁场方向平行的27.3 MPa外压力作用下合金的磁感生应变值增大到-1300×10^-6,且未饱和. 关键词： Ni-Mn-Ga 铁磁形状记忆合金 磁熵变 磁感生应变     

Mechanical and magnetic properties of ZnO/Fe2O3 ceramic varistors

Mechanical and magnetic properties of the ZnO/Fe₂O₃ ceramic varistors have been examined by using mechanical analyzer, digital microhardness tester and vibrating sample magnetometer. The initial stress–strain behavior is found to be linear (elastic) then becomes nonlinear (plastic deformation) without reaching the failure limit up to the maximum available stress (0.07 MPa). The compressive elastic modulus varies between 0.2 and 0.8 MPa with Fe addition up to 0.50. Furthermore, an approximately monotonically linear decrease in VHN with increasing Fe content up to 50% has been observed for all applied loads, which closely resembles the behavior of the true hardness and the surface energy. The magnetic measurements revealed an antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic to transition for all Fe doped samples. The Fe free sample showed paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K. The Neel temperature moderately increased from 18 K at 0.05% Fe to 25 K at 0.5% Fe. The magnetization (M) versus applied magnetic field (H) did not reach saturation for all samples up to 9 Tesla. The saturated magnetization (per Fe contents) is low and found to decreases linearly at a rate of (−35 emu/g-Fe) in a clear manifestation of the strengthening of the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with increasing Fe contents.     

Effects of Interfacial Polarization on Voltage Tunability of Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)1-xTixO3 Single Crystals

The voltage tunability of Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)_1-xTi_xO₃ single crystals is investigated at a low electric field (<130 V/cm) in a low frequency range (<1 MHz). The results show that the capacitance is strongly suppressed by the applied dc biases for both the rhombohedral sample and the tetragonal sample. A negative voltage tunability is only detected in the tetragonal sample. The origin of the giant tunability and the negative tunability is discussed based on the multipolarization-mechanism model and the equivalent circuit model, respectively. It is ascribed to the interfacial polarization at the interface of electrode/sample.     

Effect of magnetic annealing on magnetostrictive performance of a 〈1 1 0〉 oriented crystal Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95

A 〈1 1 0〉 oriented rod of the alloy Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe_1.95 was subjected to a magnetic heat treatment, cooling through its Curie temperature under 240 kA/m. Besides the improved magnetostriction under free conditions, the magnetically annealed rod still exhibited an obvious magnetostriction “jump” effect when subjected to a uniaxial compressive pre-stress. A giant magnetostriction of 2680×10⁻⁶ was achieved under 640 kA/m and 30 MPa, which became 67% larger than before magnetic annealing. The optimum magnetostrictive strain coefficient d₃₃ was also dramatically enhanced. Magnetic force microscopy images show magnetic domain configurations that contribute to the improved magnetostrictive performance. The effect of induced additional anisotropy by magnetic annealing on the improvement of the magnetostriction is also discussed.     

Magnetoresistance and magnetostriction of Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al Heusler alloy

We report a study of the magnetotransport properties of the Co₂Cr_0.6Fe_0.4Al Heusler alloy grown by means of the arc-melting technique. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have been used to analyze the crystallographic structure and the sample stoichiometry. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements have been carried out in the range 300-850 K. Co₂Cr_0.6Fe_0.4Al is theoretically predicted to have full positive spin polarization at the Fermi level, and as a consequence its spin-dependent transport properties are being intensively studied. Low field magnetoresistance exceeding 30% has been observed very recently in Co₂Cr_0.6Fe_0.4Al compact pellets. We have performed magnetoresistance and magnetostriction measurements in both the as-grown alloy and compact pellets made of mechanically milled Co₂Cr_0.6Fe_0.4Al. The as-grown and the milled sample show negligible anisotropic magnetostriction (25 μst at saturation), whilst only the milled sample exhibits magnetoresistance (0.65% at 300 K). These results permit us to discard the magnetostrictive effects as the magnetoresistance source.     

Cr对Fe-Zr基非晶合金电阻率及压力效应的影响

 在0.000 1~2.5 GPa范围不同静水压下，用四探针法详细测量了七种非晶态Fe_90-xCr_xZr₁₀合金（x=2、4、7、10、13、16、20）的电阻率。结果表明：（1）常压室温电阻率ρ₀与FeZr基非晶合金中Cr含量成N形曲线关系；（2）当静水压增加时，七种非晶合金的约化电阻率（ρ/ρ₀）都单调下降，x越大则电阻率下降的幅度越小；（3）非晶Fe_90-xCr_xZr₁₀合金电阻率的压力系数对x的变化相当敏感；（4）为方便查值，给出了六种典型静水压下ρ/ρ₀与x的曲线关系。最后，讨论了四种物理模型的选用以及相干交换散射在高压下的行为。