气相色谱法测定聚酯中的三羟甲基丙烷

在饱和聚酯的组成分析过程中,一般通过测定的核磁氢谱和定量碳谱的化学位移数据与标准数据对比就能确定参加反应的单体种类,通过各单体在氢谱和定量碳谱中的峰面积比能准确地得到其比例。但对于像三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、三苯三酸酐(TMA)等单体,它们含有3个官能团,在饱和聚酯中的主要作用是起架桥作用,即将线型高分子变成立体形。它们在聚酯合成中一般用量不高,很多情况下仅为1%～0 1%(质量分数)。此时,用核磁共振光谱测定,在氢谱中其峰太小,被其他组分峰覆盖;在定量碳谱中,因灵敏度低,难以定量。本文针对这种情况,对含1%～0 1%TMP的饱…     

盐酸莫西沙星的结构分析研究

报道了盐酸莫西沙星的元素分析、红外光谱(IR) 、紫外光谱(UV) 、质谱(MS) 、氢-氢相关谱(1H-1HCOSY) 、碳谱(DEPT-45、DEPT-90、DEPT-135) 、多键碳氢相关谱(HMBC)等波谱数据,并对特征数据进行了化合物的结构解析。对所有的1H-NMR、13C-NMR谱的信号进行了归属。     

核磁共振法研究固体表面上的吸附

应用JEOL FX-90Q NMR谱仪测定了吸附在NaY分子筛,氧化铝,二氧化硅上的四甲基硅烷和正己烷的核磁氢谱和碳谱.结果表明,在一些吸附体系的研究中,现有仪器适用于液体样品,以氢谱和碳谱比较发现碳谱在分辨率分方面较之氢谱有几个优点,顺磁杂质对谱线宽度有明显影响.在NaY分子筛上预先吸附氢以后再吸附乙烯,其吸附速率低于未吸附氢的样品.     

银-氯化钾-吡啶甲酸体系的表面增强Raman光谱

测试了吡喃甲酸的固体, 溶液和配合物的普通Raman光谱及其SERS光谱, 用 冲极谱测量吡啶甲酸在汞电极上的极谱氢催化波, 取得了半波电位数据, 估计了吡啶甲酸各个异构体的吸附能力, 结果指出吡啶甲酸的增强因子和吸附能力间有平行关系.     

新型尾式硫代苯并噻唑基卟啉化合物的合成与表征

通过不对称的单羟基卟啉化合物、溴代烷烃和巯基苯并噻唑合成了一系列新型硫代苯并噻唑基尾式卟啉化合物, 并采用核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、红外光谱、质谱和元素分析对卟啉化合物的结构进行了表征.     

活泼氢的核磁共振氢谱

核磁共振氢谱是有机化合物结构表征中最常使用的波谱方法之一,提供了有机化合物质子的化学位移、积分面积和耦合裂分等信息。常见的活泼氢是与氧、氮和硫共价相连的氢原子,存在着快速交换机制,与碳上的氢有显著的差异。在不同条件下活泼氢化学位移不固定、峰形多变并且耦合裂分情况复杂。本文探讨了如何通过核磁共振氢谱解析活泼氢,培养学生对谱图进行观察、分析以及结构推导的能力。     

氢分子电子基态的精密光谱

氢分子是宇宙中含量最高的中性分子,也是目前唯一的可以仅从量子电动力学和基本物理常数出发、而不需要任何有效参数就能够实现高精密计算的分子体系,其精密光谱在天文观测、检验基本物理规律方面具有重要的意义.本文回顾了氢分子电子基态精密谱的理论计算和实验研究工作,并给出了对氢同位素HD分子V=2-0谱带R(1)谱线频率的精密测定结果,其相对精度达5×10~(-10),是目前最精确的氢分子振转跃迁.通过与理论计算结果的对比,展望了氢分子精密光谱在测定质子-电子质量比等基本物理常数方面的前景.     

α-二茂铁烷基碳正离子与硫代乙酸钾的反应研究

8种不同的二茂铁甲醇衍生物与BF3·Et2O在二氯甲烷中作用形成相应的碳正离子,不需从溶液中提纯,即可与硫代乙酸钾反应得到取代产物α-二茂铁基硫代乙酸酯,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征.     

氯·杂环羧酸根·二苯基合锗(Ⅳ)的合成及生物活性研究

通过二苯基二氯化锗和杂环羧酸盐以11摩尔比反应,合成了一系列氯@杂环羧酸根@二苯基合锗(Ⅳ),用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱表征了这些配合物的结构,红外光谱数据表明,配体杂环羧酸根是以单齿形式与锗原子配位.生物活性测试表明,这些配合物显示较强的体外抗癌活性.     

含噻唑骨架的吲哚衍生物的有效合成

报道了以5-氯乙酰基吲哚酮(1)为原料,在绝对乙醇为溶剂的条件下,与硫脲(取代硫脲)制备5-(2-取代氨基噻唑-4-基)二氢吲哚-2-酮类化合物2a~2k,与硫代酰胺合成5-(2-取代噻唑-4-基)二氢吲哚-2-酮类化合物2l~2q.该反应操作简便、条件温和、收率良好.所有化合物未见文献报道,其结构经红外光谱、质谱、核磁氢谱(碳谱)及元素分析确认.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。