Aerosol Aspiration into a Slot Sampler for Two Angles of Orientation

The problem of aerosol aspiration into a slot between two plates (slot intake model) is studied for two angles between the slot and the free-stream velocity. Within the incompressible potential separationless approximation for the flow field, an analytical solution is obtained which is used for integrating the particle trajectory equations. Using the limiting trajectory method, the aspiration coefficients are calculated for variable Stokes number and ratio of the free-stream and aspiration velocities. The calculated aspiration coefficient is compared with the known results obtained from approximate theories.     

拱形试件动态断裂的动光弹分析

本文采用动光弹方法,分析了对带边裂纹的拱形三点弯曲试件在抢击加载条件下的瞬态反应。从多火花动光弹仪记录下来的16幅断裂过程的照片和微机输出的电火花光信号图上,得到了各时刻的等差线图形和裂纹长度。使用运动裂纹尖端附近的应力场解,去计算动应力强度因子。对环氧树脂材料,测定了动态应力强度因子与裂纹扩展速度之间的关系,并给出了当裂纹扩展速度达到410m/s时,为裂纹产生分叉的条件。     

A Finite Element Analysis of a Tapered Flat Sheet Tensile Specimen

A uniaxial tension sheet metal coupon with a tapered instead of a straight gage section has been used for centering the location of diffuse neck and for measuring sheet stretchability in a non-uniform strain field. A finite element analysis of such a tensile coupon made of automotive steel sheet metals has been carried out to assess the effect of the tapered gage section geometry and material plastic strain hardening characteristics on the development of local plastic deformation pattern and local stress state, especially beyond the onset of diffuse necking but before localized necking. In particular, the finite element analysis was used in this study to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an experimental data analysis method for estimating the post-necking effective plastic stress-strain curve based on the direct local surface axial plastic strain measurements for base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metals of a dual-phase steel DP600. It is concluded that the estimated lower and upper bounds of the effective stress-strain curve at large strains are not satisfactory for low strain-hardening materials such as heat-affected zone and weld metals with the tapered tension coupons. A simple correction method utilizing only the additional local surface strain measurement in the transverse direction is proposed and it is shown to be effective in correcting the estimated effective stress-strain curve of dual-phase steel weld metals obtained for two tapered gage section geometries.     

双向载荷作用下试件应力分布的理论和实验分析

本文利用弹性理论对十字形试验板的应力分布进行了推导，并得出一个近似计算公式，结合电测实验进行校核，为直观起见，用有限元画出了该模型的应力等值线，证明该计算公式基本正确     

狭缝节流气体静压轴颈—止推轴承静脉特性分析

在气体静压轴颈－止推轴承的离散化过程中，采用有限元方法，利用加权余量法将其二阶偏微分方程降低一阶，使利用三角单元线性插值函数成为可能，简化了压力分布方程式的计算，给出了轴承的静态特性，分析了结构工艺尺寸、狭缝宽度和轴承间隙等因素对径向和轴向承载性能的影响，揭示了轴颈和止推轴承之间的相互影响规律，并且研究了轴承内部气膜压力分布的规律，最后，通过实测值对计算结果进行了验证。     

狭缝节流气体静压轴颈-止推轴承静态特性分析

在气体静压轴颈 -止推轴承的离散化过程中 ,采用有限元方法 ,利用加权余量法将其二阶偏微分方程降低一阶 ,使利用三角单元线性插值函数成为可能 ,简化了压力分布方程式的计算 ,给出了轴承的静态特性 ,分析了结构工艺尺寸、狭缝宽度和轴承间隙等因素对径向和轴向承载性能的影响 ,揭示了轴颈和止推轴承之间的相互影响规律 ,并且研究了轴承内部气膜压力分布的规律 .最后 ,通过实测值对计算结果进行了验证     

基于界面端奇异性理论的单纤维拔出试验的试件设计

在单纤维拔出试验中，由于试件的界面端存在应力奇异性，这使试验所得到的界面剪切强度数据失去合理性[1]。但从文献[1]关于微珠脱粘试验研究的结论中可以发现当基体的楔形角小于某临界角度后，微珠试件界面端应力奇异性几乎消失。由此启发我们设计出一种楔形角小于该纤维／基体系统临界角的锥面的拔出试件，这样即可以防止出现传统拔出试件在界面端的强应力奇异性，又可以避免微珠脱粘试验自身的缺陷。界面端具有任意楔形角的轴对称模型被用于分析和确定纤维／基体系统的临界角，对方程进行渐近展开和分离变量处理，根据边界条件可以得到关于特征值λ的特征方程，针对确定的纤维／基体系统可以得到特征值和楔形角的关系曲线，我们把应力奇异性指数等于-0．005时所对应的楔形角定义为临界角，以及根据临界角设计锥面拔出试件的方法。     

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of an In-Plane Shear Specimen Designed for Ductile Fracture Studies

An in-plane shear specimen made of dual phase steel designed for ductile fracture studies is presented and then analyzed experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, digital image correlation (DIC) technique is utilized to measure the deformation of the specimen. Based on the implicit nonlinear FE solver Abaqus/Standard, numerical analysis of the specimen is performed by using plane stress and solid elements respectively. The elongation of the specimen’s gauge length and the shear strain distribution within the shear zone are compared between the experimental and numerical results and a general good agreement is obtained. Thereafter, based on calculated results, the stress state of the shear zone is investigated in detail. It is shown that the shear stress is dominant within the shear zone despite of the emergence of normal stresses. The deformation is concentrated in the shear zone, where the incipient fracture is most likely to occur. The stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter at the fracture initiation are found to be maintained at a relatively low level, which implies that the stress state achieved by the specimen is close to pure shear. The present study demonstrates that the proposed in-plane shear specimen is suitable for investigation of the fracture behavior of high strength materials under shear stress states.     

Estimation of extreme wind speed in SCS and NWP by a non-stationary model

In offshore engineering design, it is considerably significant to have an adequately accurate estimation of marine environmental parameters, in particular, the extreme wind speed of tropical cyclone(TC) with different return periods to guarantee the safety in projected operating life period. Based on the 71-year(1945–2015) TC data in the Northwest Pacific(NWP) by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) of US, a notable growth of the TC intensity is observed in the context of climate change. The fact implies that the traditional stationary model might be incapable of predicting parameters in the extreme events.Therefore, a non-stationary model is proposed in this study to estimate extreme wind speed in the South China Sea(SCS) and NWP. We find that the extreme wind speeds of different return periods exhibit an evident enhancement trend, for instance, the extreme wind speeds with different return periods by nonstationary model are 4.1%–4.4% higher than stationary ones in SCS. Also, the spatial distribution of extreme wind speed in NWP has been examined with the same methodology by dividing the west sea areas of the NWP 0°–45°N, 105°E–130°E into 45 subareas of 5°× 5°, where oil and gas resources are abundant.Similarly, remarkable spacial in-homogeneity in the extreme wind speed is seen in this area: the extreme wind speed with 50-year return period in the subarea(15°N–20°N, 115°E–120°E) of Zhongsha and Dongsha Islands is 73.8 m/s, while that in the subarea of Yellow Sea(30°N–35°N, 120°E–125°E) is only47.1 m/s. As a result, the present study demonstrates that non-stationary and in-homogeneous effects should be taken into consideration in the estimation of extreme wind speed.     

带有哑铃状扁平形试件的杆杆型冲击拉伸试验系统的三维弹塑性有限元分析

对带有哑铃状扁平形试件的杆杆型冲击拉伸试验系统,建立了含有个物理和几何间断面（包括内部交界面）的三维弹塑性有限元模型,采用动态增量非线性有限元程序ＡＤＩＮＡ对该模型进行了数值分析。在弹塑性框架内初步论证了杆杆型冲击拉伸试验装置一维测试原理有效性及其近似成立的条件,并与文献「１」进行了比较。     

悬臂梁弯曲共振法自由阻尼结构试件设计研究

用悬臂梁弯曲共振法测量阻尼材料动态力学参数时,试件设计是否合理直接决定了测量结果的可信度.考虑到复合试件基底层材料阻尼的影响,本文对测量理论进行了改进,得到了考虑基底层阻尼影响的悬臂梁弯曲共振法测量方程.仿真结果表明忽略基底层阻尼将会导致杨氏模量和损耗因子测量精度降低,并且损耗因子测量误差对基底层阻尼变化更敏感.这为基底材料的选用提供了一定的理论依据.本文还结合误差放大因子的概念,对试件设计若干关键参数进行了灵敏度分析,得到了一组对悬臂梁弯曲共振法自由阻尼结构试件设计具有指导意义的结论.     

Determination of Crack-Tip Opening Displacement in T-Type Wedge Opening Loaded Specimen

Experimental Mechanics - The protective layer at the crack tip of an alloy component can be damaged, and the resistance to crack propagation can be reduced by the combined effects of stress and a...     

高聚物SHPB试验中试件早期应力不均匀性的影响

本文详细分析了在高聚物 SHPB 试验中,试件内部早期应力不均匀性的产生过程以及它对获得应力应变曲线的影响,提出消除这种不均匀性的修正方法。对线性粘弹性材料所做的数值模拟为分析提供了依据;采用新方法处理实测数据给出了较满意的结果.     

高精度海洋重力测量中厄特弗斯改正误差分析

为有效减小厄特弗斯改正的误差,提高重力异常测量值的精度,在分析厄特弗斯改正计算模型的基础上,就载体的速度误差、航向误差及纬度误差对厄特弗斯改正误差的影响进行了仿真分析.在误差分析时,首先对厄特弗斯改正模型求取各变量的偏导,从而得到各变量与厄特弗斯修正误差之间的关系,并以此为基础采用三维视图和数字计算相结合的方法给出了具体的分析结果.仿真结果表明,速度误差是厄特弗斯改正误差的最大影响因素.在某一确定测量误差要求下,速度误差的精度要求随载体所处纬度和航向角的变化而变化;在φ:0°,A=90.时,要保证厄特弗斯改正误差小于0.1 mGal,载体速度测量误差需小于0.013m/s.     

三轴试验土样剪切破坏过程的判别

本文在土工三轴试验中应用土样全表面变形数字图像测量系统,通过跟踪包裹土样的橡皮膜表面的标记点,得到加载过程中其全表面的变形和应变分布。根据土样表面的应变分布和实测的应力应变关系曲线,可以得到每一时刻土样表面的应力分布。于是,土样表面剪切破坏开始出现的时刻和剪切破坏带贯穿的时刻可分别依据应变和应力判定。依据应变,将橡皮膜上各点的轴向应变的拐点最晚出现的时刻作为剪切带完全贯穿的时刻;依据应力,将全部点中某一个或几个点最早达到峰值应力的时刻作为剪切带开始出现的时刻;土样各点相继达到应力峰值的过程就是剪切破坏的过程。以剪切破坏的起始点和剪切带贯穿的点为分界,土样剪切破坏过程可以划分成三个阶段:破坏前阶段、破坏阶段和破坏后阶段,在不同阶段土样具有不同的变形特点和变形机理。     

Analysis of structurally complex nanocomposites (review)

Structurally complex nanocomposites (their fillers have complex shape, which complicates the theoretical analysis of these composites) are considered. Nanotubes of quite complex shape that are very difficult to theoretically describe and analyze are exemplified. Fibrous and particulate composites reinforced with bristled nanofibers and bristled knedel-like nanogranules, respectively, are described and analyzed theoretically. Theoretical approaches to studying nanocomposites with large-scale and small-scale bendings of nanotubes are outlined     

Measurement of the Residual Stress Tensor in a Compact Tension Weld Specimen

Neutron diffraction measurements have been performed to determine the full residual stress tensor along the expected crack path in an austenitic stainless steel (Esshete 1250) compact tension weld specimen. A destructive slitting method was then implemented on the same specimen to measure the stress intensity factor profile associated with the residual stress field as a function of crack length. Finally deformations of the cut surfaces were measured to determine a contour map of the residual stresses in the specimen prior to the cut. The distributions of transverse residual stress measured by the three techniques are in close agreement. A peak tensile stress in excess of 600 MPa was found to be associated with an electron beam weld used to attach an extension piece to the test sample, which had been extracted from a pipe manual metal arc butt weld. The neutron diffraction measurements show that exceptionally high residual stress triaxiality is present at crack depths likely to be used for creep crack growth testing and where a peak stress intensity factor of 35 MPa√m was measured (crack depth of 21 mm). The neutron diffraction measurements identified maximum values of shear stress in the order of 50 MPa and showed that the principal stress directions were aligned to within ~20° of the specimen orthogonal axes. Furthermore it was confirmed that measurement of strains by neutron diffraction in just the three specimen orthogonal directions would have been sufficient to provide a reasonably accurate characterisation of the stress state in welded CT specimens.     

圆板状岩样破坏过程中的渗透特性实验研究

利用一种自行设计的附加渗透试验装置,在MTS815.02岩石力学伺服试验系统上完成了圆板状岩样破坏过程中的渗透特性试验,得到了圆板状岩样渗透率、渗透压差、渗流速度与轴向荷载的关系,并对试验结果进行了分析和讨论。研究表明:1)岩样在渗透的同时发生弯曲变形,岩样的渗透率与其受力状态密切相关,当达到峰值载荷时,渗透率急剧增大,由此验证了突水是伴随着结构破坏的渗流失稳过程;2)岩样在破坏过程中,当轴向载荷达到峰值时,岩样两端压力差急剧减小;3)岩样两端压力差保持0.2MPa,轴向荷载达到峰值时,增压器活塞位移急剧增大,即渗流速度突然变大;4)冲剪破坏为圆板状岩样的主要破坏形式。