稳定波长反馈引起的失谐对自由电子激光的影响

 利用修改的一维非定态程序,基于美国杰弗逊实验室（JLab）Demo自由电子激光装置的参数,对高功率自由电子激光振荡器稳定波长的反馈系统进行了数值模拟。电子微脉冲为高斯型分布,每个纵向网格中取16个模拟宏电子,不考虑电子束的能散度。结果表明：当无反馈时,腔内光功率和波长都可以在一定范围内稳定;加入反馈后,由于电子束能量的变化所引起的等效失谐对整个系统有着重要的影响,甚至可能导致电子和光场失去相互作用,从而使得装置不能工作。提出应该在光场达到饱和以后再启动稳定波长反馈系统。模拟结果证明,该实施方案是合理有效的,可以避免其对FEL运行的严重影响。     

加速器噪声对远红外FEL振荡器影响的模拟研究

 采用FEL一维脉冲模型，针对中国原子能研究院的远红外FEL振荡器，模拟研究了加速器噪声对FEL的影响。对电子束微脉冲的时间晃动和能量波动所引起的光功率波动及光谱中心晃动进行了模拟计算，在计算中还分别考虑了噪声频率、振幅的大小产生的直接影响以及腔失谐的间接影响。     

Performance study of a soft X-ray harmonic generation FEL seeded with an EUV laser pulse

The performance of a free electron laser (FEL) using a low-power extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulse as an input seed is investigated. The parameters are appropriate for 30 nm seeds produced from high-power Ti:Sapphire pulses using high harmonic generation schemes. It is found that, for reasonable beam parameters, robust FEL performance can be obtained. Both time-independent and time-dependent simulations are performed for varying system parameters using the GENESIS simulation code. A comparison is made with a two-stage harmonic FEL that is seeded by a high-power Ti:Sapphire pulse.     

自由电子激光振荡器中电子束能量跳跃对增益的影响

 微脉冲中电子束能量、电流的跳跃会影响电子束的质量, 从而也影响激光的增益。在CAEP FIR FEL 理论设计模型参数的基础上,利用一维定态程序对电子束能量跳跃对增益的影响进行了数值研究,并与非定态程序计算结果进行比较,给出可容许的能量跳跃范围。     

自由电子激光放大啁啾脉冲的数值模拟

 利用1维非定态程序对单程自由电子激光(FEL)放大器放大线性啁啾脉冲的过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同啁啾参数的脉冲通过FEL放大器的增益曲线,计算了不同啁啾参数的脉冲被单程FEL放大器放大后的腔外压缩情况。通过对数值模拟结果的定性分析得出：影响输出脉冲宽度和峰值功率的主要因素是FEL放大器的增益线宽和啁啾参数,并以此说明,通过先使用FEL放大器放大啁啾脉冲、然后再将其在腔外压缩的方法产生超短脉冲FEL是可行的。     

Identification of the Amplification Mechanism in the First Free-Electron Laser as Net Stimulated Free-Electron Two-Quantum Stark Emission

We find that the electron phase with respect to the incident laser radiation must be random in the first freeelectron laser （FEL） and, hence, the incident laser radiation works as a relaxation force to keep a Maxwellian distribution. We formulate the threshold laser intensity for amplification which agrees with the measured value in the order of magnitude in the first FEL. The magnetic wiggler must produce an electric wiggler whose period is the same as that of the magnetic wiggler. We find that net stimulated free-electron two-quantum Stark （FETQS） emission driven by this electric wiggler is the mechanism responsible for the measured gain and the measured laser intensity at the plateau in the first FEL.     

Remaining noise-induced spatiotemporal dynamics in a free electron laser stabilized by feedback control

We investigate the efficiency of the pulsed regime stabilization by feedback control in a free electron laser (FEL) in oscillator configuration. We show that a hidden dynamics remains in the controlled FEL. Though not visible in the evolution of the pulse envelope, this dynamics affects the internal pulse shape evolution, and thus the FEL spectrum and coherence properties. The experimental results obtained on the UVSOR FEL are interpreted in the framework of a field master equation model. The stochastic nature of spontaneous emission is taken into account, and appears as an essential ingredient since the dynamics of the controlled structures is governed by noise like the other stable regimes of the FEL.     

Generation of Coherent Radiation in the Near X-Ray Band by a Cascade FEL with a Two-Frequency Undulator

Generation of X-ray radiation in a cascade self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (SASE FEL) using the harmonics of a two-frequency undulator is studied. The advanced phenomenological model of a one-pass FEL that accounts for the main losses in real FELs is presented: the electron energy spread in the beam, the beam divergence, diffraction, and the fact that emission losses are greater at higher harmonics than in the main frequency range. The FEL mathematical model was performed using the Mathematica software and calibrated within the experiment carried out at the operating SPARC facility via complex three-dimensional numerical simulations. The phenomenological model is used to analyze FEL dynamics for generation of a high-energy X-ray emission at a relatively short length. It is proposed to use a two-frequency undulator for the initial electron grouping and subsequent frequency multiplication in a cascade FEL with higher harmonic amplification (HGHG). The advantages of the two-frequency undulator are presented for electron grouping at higher harmonics of the undulator radiation (UR). The operation of several types of FEL is simulated with amplification of the seed laser wave frequency in two and three cascades to generate the soft X-ray radiation. A seed laser with a wavelength of 11.43 nm corresponding to the peak reflectivity of mirror coatings with MoRu/Be is proposed for generating the intensive X-ray laser radiation with λ ~ 1.27–3.37 nm. Here, the intensive radiation power reaches 50 MW at a length of only 35 meters; the radiation shows good temporal coherence corresponding to the performance of a low-power seed laser with a lower frequency.     

High-gain free-electron-laser amplifier with warm plasmabackground: linear analysis

The linear free-electron laser (FEL) theory with plasma background is considered using the hybrid model in contrast with the fluid model to describe the FEL interaction with plasma proposed by Weng-Bing and Ya-Shen (1988) and Tripathi and Liu (1990). The basic dynamical equations for the FEL with warm plasma background are derived for all ranges of plasma and beam densities with unspecified wiggler period number and strength. The linear behavior of the FEL is analyzed     

Beam dynamics simulations of the injector for a compact THz source

Terahertz radiation has broad application prospects due to its ability to penetrate deep into many organic materials without the damage caused by ionizing radiations. A free electron laser (FEL)-based THz source is the best choice to produce high-power radiation. In this paper, a 14 MeV injector is introduced for generating high-quality beam for FEL, is composed of an EC-ITC RF gun, compensating coils and a travelling-wave structure. Beam dynamics simulations have been done with ASTRA code to verify the design and to optimize parameters. Simulations of the operating mode at 6 MeV have also been executed.     

横向模谱方法的三维FEL振荡器的数值模拟

用新的３－ＤＨＧＦＥＬ程序分别计算分析了无限长、有限长和短电子束微脉冲产生的自由电子激光的特性。在前两种情况下得到的结果与原有的３－ＤＯＳＩＦＥＬ程序计算得到的结果符合较好，而３－ＤＨＧＦＥＬ程序所用机时可大大缩短。在后一种情况下初步计算分析了北京自由电子激光器的光场演化特性。     

High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser seeded by harmonics generated in gas

The injection of a seed in a free-electron laser (FEL) amplifier reduces the saturation length and improves the longitudinal coherence. A cascaded FEL, operating in the high-gain harmonic-generation regime, allows us to extend the beneficial effects of the seed to shorter wavelengths. We report on the first operation of a high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser, seeded with harmonics generated in gas. The third harmonics of a Ti:sapphire laser, generated in a gas cell, has been amplified and up-converted to its second harmonic (λ(rad)=133 nm) in a FEL cascaded configuration based on a variable number of modulators and radiators. We studied the transition between coherent harmonic generation and superradiant regime, optimizing the laser performances with respect to the number of modulators and radiators.     

Experimental characterization of superradiance in a single-pass high-gain laser-seeded free-electron laser amplifier

In this Letter we report the first experimental characterization of superradiance in a single-pass high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) seeded by a 150 femtosecond (FWHM) Ti:sapphire laser. The nonlinear energy gain after an exponential gain regime was observed. We also measured the evolution of the longitudinal phase space in both the exponential and superradiant regimes. The output FEL pulse duration was measured to be as short as 81 fs, a roughly 50% reduction compared to the input seed laser. The temporal distribution of the FEL radiation as predicted by a numerical simulation was experimentally verified for the first time.     

曙光一号自由电子激光器边带不稳定性研究

结合曙光一号自由电子激光器的实际条件,在WAGF EL程序的基础上考虑了光脉冲和电子脉冲因速度不同而引起的滑移,使处在有质动力势阱中的电子因同步振荡位相的不同而发生耦合,使激光强度的调制出现边带不稳定增长而导致光束质量变坏。程序的考察通过利弗莫尔实验室 GINGER程序的结果进行,以确保计算结果的可靠。在此基础上对曙光一号自由电子激光器的边带进行了计算。     

First ultraviolet high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser

We report the first experimental results on a high-gain harmonic-generation (HGHG) free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the ultraviolet. An 800 nm seed from a Ti:sapphire laser has been used to produce saturated amplified radiation at the 266 nm third harmonic. The results confirm the predictions for HGHG FEL operation: stable central wavelength, narrow bandwidth, and small pulse-energy fluctuation.     

Self-seeded FEL wavelength extension with high-gain harmonic generation

We study a self-seeded high-gain harmonic generation(HGHG) free-electron laser(FEL) scheme to extend the wavelength of a soft X-ray FEL. This scheme uses a regular self-seeding monochromator to generate a seed laser at the wavelength of 1.52 nm, followed by a HGHG configuration to produce coherent, narrow-bandwidth harmonic radiations at the GW level. The 2nd and 3rd harmonic radiation is investigated with start-to-end simulations.Detailed studies of the FEL performance and shot-to-shot fluctuations are presented.     

不用导引磁场的虚火花束源拉曼自由电子激光器的数值计算

采用非线笥模型对拉曼自由电子激光器进行数值模拟,发现虚火花束源自由电子激光器苛以去掉导引磁场,用小周期摇摆器,实现器件的小型化和高功率。     

High-gain lasing and polarization switch with a distributed optical-klystron free-electron laser

This Letter reports the first experimental results from the world's first distributed optical-klystron (DOK) free-electron laser (FEL), the DOK-1 FEL, at Duke University. The DOK-1 FEL is a hybrid system, comprised of four wigglers: two horizontal and two helical. With the DOK-1 FEL, we have obtained the highest FEL gain among all storage ring based FELs at 47.8% (+/-2.7%) per pass. We have also demonstrated that the FEL gain can be enhanced by increasing electron bunching using wigglers with a different polarization. Furthermore, we have realized controlled polarization switches of the FEL beam by a nonoptical means through the manipulation of a buncher magnet.     

Effects of Background Plasma on Free Electron Laser with Planar Wiggler

Dispersion equation of planar-wiggler free-electron laser with background plasma is derived using linear fluid theory. The characteristic of this plasma FEL is analyzed in detail. It is shown that reasonable background plasma density tends to improve FEL growth rate. We also find there exits a critical plasma density for FEL operating. When the background plasma density is higher than critical density, the FEL can no longer be excited.