乳粉中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐分析标准样品研制

研制乳粉中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐分析标准样品。获得原料并确认后，对原料添加目标物，混匀，喷雾干燥，分装，包装制成标准样品。对样品进行均匀性、稳定性检验，通过多家实验室联合定值的方式对样品进行定值，从而获得标准值及其不确定度。样品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐均匀性检测数据经F检验在95%置信水平时单元件不具有统计显著性，表明样品是均匀的；样品稳定性检测数据经t检验，表明样品在-20℃保存条件下18个月内量值稳定；对8家有能力的实验室联合定值数据统计分析得到样品中硝酸盐标准值为22.4 mg/kg，不确定度为0.95 mg/kg(k=2)；亚硝酸盐标准值为23.0 mg/kg，不确定度为0.93 mg/kg(k=2)。样品均匀性、稳定性、赋值和不确定度评估等均符合有证标准样品的要求，能够满足预期用途。     

离子色谱法快速测定土壤中的亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮

建立离子色谱法快速测定土壤中亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的方法。土壤样品采用250 mL 0.01 moL/L氯化钙溶液提取,于20℃水浴振荡60 min,静置离心。采用Ion Pac AS19离子色谱柱,以20 mmoL/L氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液,流量为1.0 mL/min,进样体积为25μL,以电导检测器进行检测。亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的质量浓度在0.20～5.00 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均为0.999 9,方法检出限分别为0.005,0.007mg/L。样品的加标回收率为95.0%～97.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.89%～2.11%(n=12)。该方法适用于土壤中亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮含量的快速测定。     

离子色谱法测定火腿中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱分离-电导检测法测定火腿中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析方法。样品经粉碎、溶剂沉淀除蛋白和固相萃取净化后,采用优化后的色谱条件测定。结果表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度分别在0.02-0.5mg/L和0.2-5mg/L内具有良好的线性关系,方法回收率92.8-98.2%。该方法检测这两种离子测定简便,稳定,满足火腿中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的同时测定。     

甲烷中甲硫醇气体标准物质的研制

以甲硫醇钠为原料，通过与稀硫酸反应制备甲硫醇。对甲硫醇和甲烷分别进行纯化，采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器与气相色谱法氦离子放电检测器对纯化后的甲硫醇和甲烷进行纯度分析，甲硫醇纯度（摩尔分数）为99.75%，甲烷纯度（摩尔分数）为99.997%。通过称量法制备了甲烷中甲硫醇气体标准物质。采用气相色谱法火焰光度检测器对标准物质进行了均匀性检验、稳定性考察。研制的甲烷中甲硫醇标准物质标称浓度为100μmol/mol,F检验和回归曲线法实验结果表明，在压力0.5～10 MPa范围内，该标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性，定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)，有效期为12个月。     

乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质研制

通过饲喂牛的方式获得乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1阳性乳品,经冷冻干燥、混匀、包装、分装、辐照灭菌制备了乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质。6家实验室均采用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法对乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质进行联合定值。分别采用F检验和t检验对标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,结果表明该标准物质均匀性与稳定性良好,均符合标准物质定值技术要求。对定值结果进行不确定度评定,乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质定值结果为(2.45±0.41)μg/kg,k=2。该标准物质可用于乳品中黄曲霉毒素M1的日常质量控制及定量检测。     

乳粉中脂肪成分分析标准物质的研制

研制乳粉中脂肪成分分析标准物质.选择与日常脂肪检测水平相当的乳粉,经过混匀、分装、真空密封、辐照灭菌制备了脂肪成分分析标准物质,按5 g/袋进行包装,共包装800个单元.采用碱水解法,分别从均匀性、长期稳定性、短期稳定性、以及6家实验室联合定值进行考察,联合定值实验室均采用碱水解法测定乳粉中脂肪.对定值结果进行不确定度...     

改进的离子色谱法测定乳制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

改进了国家标准方法GB 5009.33-2010《食品安全国家标准 食品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定》中离子色谱法用于乳制品中亚硝酸盐(以亚硝酸根计)和硝酸盐(以硝酸根计)的测定方法。乳制品经水提取后,加入3%乙酸溶液沉淀蛋白,离心后上清液用反相固相萃取柱净化,以NaOH为淋洗液,加入乙腈作为有机改进剂分离亚硝酸根和硝酸根,外加水模式抑制,离子色谱分析柱为AS 19,柱温30 ℃,池温35 ℃,检测波长设定为225 nm,进样量200 μL。在上述条件下,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的质量浓度分别在0.005～0.50和0.05～1.50 mg/L时与色谱峰面积之间的线性关系良好。在电导检测模式下,亚硝酸盐的检出限为0.2 mg/kg,硝酸盐的检出限为0.04 mg/kg;在紫外检测模式下,两者检出限分别为0.02 mg/kg和0.01 mg/kg。将该方法用于乳制品的检测,加标回收率为84.0%～104.1%。该法简便、快速、准确,适用于乳制品中低含量亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检测。     

离子色谱法测定肉制品中5种食品添加剂北大核心CSCD

采用离子色谱法同时测定肉制品中的亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、山梨酸、苯甲酸、安赛蜜。1.000 0g样品经10mL 20mmol·L^(-1) NaOH溶液提取,提取液过OnGuard Ⅱ Ag固相萃取小柱和0.22μm滤膜后,选用IonPac AS 19阴离子交换分析柱和IonPac AG 19阴离子保护柱进行色谱分离,以KOH淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,采用电导检测器。5种食品添加剂的线性范围为0.2~8.0mg·L^(-1),亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、山梨酸、苯甲酸、安赛蜜的检出限(3S/N)分别为10,15,60,50,11μg·kg^(-1)。加标回收率在82.5%~111%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于9.0%。     

离子色谱-紫外检测连续测定西瓜汁中NO-2和NO-3

食品卫生要求控制食品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量。在适宜的条件下 ,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐均可在人体内合成具有强烈致癌的亚硝胺类化合物 ;目前尚未发现能耐受亚硝胺而不致癌的动物。炎热的夏季 ,西瓜是最好的消暑解渴的瓜果 ;研究西瓜汁中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的含量对维护人体健康和指导科学施肥、提高瓜果质量 (无公害 )具有现实意义[1] 。ＮＯ- 2 和ＮＯ- 3测定方法有气相色谱法、液相色谱紫外法、比色法和离子色谱法等[2 ] 。这些方法前处理手续复杂、共存离子干扰以及ＮＯ- 2 和ＮＯ- 3相互干扰。本文试验用离子色谱紫外检测联用的方法 ,结…     

离子色谱电导-紫外检测器串联法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的4种阴离子EI北大核心CSCD

建立了电导-紫外检测器串联离子色谱法测定海洋沉积物孔隙水中的NO_2^-,NO-3,PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4,选用高通量色谱柱和保护柱,以1.9 mmol/L Na HCO3-3.2 mmol/L Na2CO3为淋洗液,采用电导和紫外检测器同时检测4种离子,抑制电导检测器检测PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4,紫外检测器检测NO_2^-和NO-3以消除高含量Cl-的影响。在优化的色谱条件下,单个样品测试时间为6 min,NO_2^-,NO-3,PO_4^(3-)和SO2-4的方法检出限分别为17.2,32.0,144和22.7μg/L。对2个真实样品进行检测,各离子的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%~5.3%,对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为95.6%~105.6%。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.