公路客运市场建设项目的系统评价研究

本文通过对公路客运市场的生产和经营状况、所处的经营环境以及运力和客运需求进行了分析 ,提出了客运市场建设项目的评价指标体系 ,并且利用系统评价模型进行评价 ,得出了满意的结果     

经营业绩与市场评价:基于上市公司行业特征的实证研究

从行业角度对中国上市公司 2 0 0 2年的经营业绩以及市场对公司的评价进行了实证研究 .结果显示 :不同行业上市公司的经营业绩以及市场评价都存在显著差异 ;总体上市场评价与公司业绩正相关 ,但绩优公司和绩差公司的市场评价差距不大 ,且部分行业的市场评价与公司业绩无关 .这说明中国证券市场具有较强投机性 ,许多投资者购买股票并不考虑上市公司的经营业绩 .     

企业经营敏捷性的评价指标体系和模糊综合评价

企业经营敏捷性由一系列指标来体现．4个一级指标分别是市场反应程度、企业组织桑性、企业管理适应性与企业文化创新性、企业经营业绩．4个一级指标又包含19个二级指标．运用模糊综合评价方法,构建了企业经营敏捷性的评价模型．依托实际案例,使用所建立的评价指标体系和评价模型,对实例企业进行了模糊综合评价,根据评价结果判断企业是否具备经营敏捷性．     

海运服务链中的运力定价和空箱调运责任研究

本文研究了单个承运商和两个货运代理在双向港口间提供往返货运服务的航运服务链。由于港口间货运需求的内在不平衡,货运公司在多港口间的空箱调运会产生巨大的空箱调运费用。分别构建了承运商承担和承运商与货运代理共同承担空箱调运的数学模型,通过数学模型和数值算例分析了不同市场条件下的空箱调运责任和运力定价策略。研究发现承运商和货运代理是否采用定价策略来平衡需求取决于双向港口间货运市场的潜在需求差异。同时,承运商与货运代理的空箱调运分摊为非此即彼策略,当空箱调运成本大于某阈值时,承运商独自承担空箱调运责任;反之,货运代理承担空箱调运责任。而且货运代理承担模式增加整个海运链的利润,但进一步加剧空箱的不平衡状况。     

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的西北地区能源空间转运格局效率及其变化分析

西北地区有着丰富的能源资源,对其能源空间转运格局进行效率评价及全要素生产率时空演变分析,对推动整个地区的发展有着重要意义.运用DEA中的BCC模型,对2016年西北地区的铁路和公路货运效率进行研究.利用Malmquist指数方法及ArcGIS软件,进一步分析2010-2016年西北地区铁路、公路货运全要素生产率的时空演变和地区差异.研究表明:1)2016年西北地区铁路货运效率总体水平较高,公路中等;存在地区差异性,东部整体高于西部;规模效率决定其有效性.2) 2010-2016年铁路和公路的Malmquist指数整体较稳定,技术进步变化对该指数影响最大.从时空演变来看,2010-2016西北地区铁路货运的Malmquist指数先升后降,地区差异先减小后增大;公路货运的Malmquist指数先降后升,地区差异先减小后增大最后又减小.     

商业银行经营业绩风险评价

随着我国加入WTO,银行业面临更为激烈的市场竞争,对商业银行进行经营业绩评价显得尤为迫切和重要.本文提出了商业银行经营业绩及经营风险评价的因子分析方法,并用该方法对商业银行经营业绩风险进行了实证分析,结果显示,因子分析方法是一种有效的综合评价方法.     

基于差分方程的货运市场占有率模型

合理估计产品的市场占有率是企业做出营销决策时需要考虑的最重要的因素之一。总结国内外部分有关市场占有率的研究献；建立关于铁路、公路货运量在全社会货运中市场占有率的差分方程组模型，运算后得出铁路、公路货运在整个货运市场中的占有率将趋向相对稳定的结论；通过利用历史统计数据计算，验证了该模型的可行性。     

国有企业经营者业绩的评价及指标设计

提出一种国有企业经营业绩评价指标设计的指导思想，并设计了国有企业经营评价的指标体系。采用层次分析中的分析比较矩阵确定权重，将灰色关联度，聚类分析方法和模糊数学方法相结合，建立了国有企业经营业绩的灰色评价模型，并运用该模型对10家国有企业的经营业绩进行了评价和分析。     

基于灰色预测模型的广东省货运总量预测研究

随着广东融入"一带一路"战略以来,广东货运总量呈现快速发展的态势,但同时货运总量增长过快导致物流基础设施承载负担过重的问题,因此对货运总量规模的测算和货运总量发展趋势的探讨显得尤为重要,利用2011-2017年广东货运总量及其构成等数据,运用EXCEL、MATLABR2018b和数学建模方法,建立灰色预测GM(1,1)模型并对模型进行验证,证明模型可用,然后分别对2018-2022年广东省货运总量及其构成进行预测.结果表明:1)广东省货运总量呈逐年增加趋势,在货运总量构成中,只有铁路货运量呈逐年衰减趋势.2)在五种运输方式中,货运量结构严重不均衡,公路货运量、水路货运量平均占比分别为72.554%、24.754%.铁路货运量、管道货运量和民航货运量三者平均占比之和仅占5.522%.这表明广东省运输方式和货运结构亟待优化,同时也反映政府在货运政策调适方面滞后.最后,从基础设施投入与货运网络体系优化方面提出相应的对策.     

基于随机Petri网的航空货运出港系统分析

航空货运出港作业是影响航空货运速度的重要环节。本文根据航空货运出港流程建立了出港系统的随机Petri网模型(SPN)和同构的马尔柯夫链(MC)。以国内某枢纽机场航空货站为例,计算了MC的稳定状态概率,分析了系统的运作效率和延时时间,并对提高航空货运出港系统运行效率提出了建议。     

Stochastic air freight hub location and flight routes planning

This paper introduced a stochastic programming model to address the air freight hub location and flight routes planning under seasonal demand variations. Most existing approaches to airline network design problems are restricted to a deterministic environment. However, the demand in the air freight market usually varies seasonally. The model is separated into two decision stages. The first stage, which is the decision not affected by randomness, determines the number and the location of hubs. The second stage, which is the decision affected by randomness, determines the flight routes to transport flows from origins to destinations based upon the hub location and realized uncertain scenario. Finally, the real data based on the air freight market in Taiwan and China is used to test the proposed model.     

The information value of logistics platforms in a freight matching market

The information asymmetry in the freight matching of the long-haul trucking industry usually pushes shippers to join a logistics platform that has better knowledge of truckers’ cost information. A logistics platform that is plugged into a freight transportation system helps shippers overcome their information disadvantage but produces the double marginalization effect. We investigate the equilibrium characteristics of a shipper and logistics platform in the freight matching market and find that the shipper prefers to cooperate with the logistics platform in a small-scale sales market but searches for truckers by himself in a large-scale sales market. We show that the information value of a logistics platform for the freight system consists of two aspects: (i) employ low-cost truckers for the shipper and avoid the shipper’s inefficient expansion of the selling quantity in a moderate-scale sales market with greatly heterogeneous truckers, and (ii) improve both the total profit and social welfare of the freight system in a small-scale sales market. We further find that the shipper’s private information may hurt the logistics platform and the logistics platform can mitigate her double marginalization disadvantage by improving value-added services or lowering the logistics price in a large-scale market. Our findings provide guidelines for the shipper and logistics platform on how to choose the appropriate transportation strategy and employment strategy in different logistics markets.     

The application of information and communication technologies in transport

This paper examines the possibilities that are opened today and for the whole decade from the application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), in the field of Transport. The various applications are examined, under the following three headings: operation and management of networks (all modes), information and guidance to the users (of the transport systems), operation and management of freight transport systems.For each of these, a concise and critical review is made of the various technologies that exist today in their final stages of development or at the stage of commercial implementation, and their applications. The review refers to various sub-categories of the above main three.The paper proceeds then to examine the prospects for the future with a medium time horizon of 2010. These prospects show that a number of areas of applications have well established technologies and are secured of commercial viability so that we can predict safely their full scale application in the course of this decade. Examples of such areas of applications are: traffic data information collection and dissemination systems, network control and traffic management strategies, vehicle control and driver assistance, systems for (Electronic or other) fee collection.And specifically for freight: freight resource management; terminal and port information and communication systems, freight and vehicle tracking and tracing, and “front” or “back-office” logistics systems.     

基于灰色预测模型的广州港货运发展研究

新冠肺炎疫情对广州港的货运发展产生了一定程度的影响,但目前仍然缺少相关的定量研究.基于灰色预测模型,利用港口货物吞吐量、外贸货物吞吐量、集装箱吞吐量三个货运指标,在新冠肺炎疫情没发生的这一假设下,推测2020年1-8月广州港的各货运发展指标值.基于预测值与实际值的比较,定量研究广州港的货运发展受新冠肺炎的影响值,反映新...     

Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in intermodal freight transport: an application to rail service design

Freight transport has undesirable effects on the environment. The most prominent of these is greenhouse gas emissions. Intermodal freight transport, where freight is shipped from origin to destination by a sequence of at least two transportation modes, offers the possibility of shifting freight (either partially or in full) from one mode to another in the hope of reducing the greenhouse emissions by appropriately scheduling the services and routing the freight. Traditional planning methods for scheduling services in an intermodal transportation network usually focus on minimizing travel or time-related costs of transport. This article breaks away from such an approach by addressing the issue of incorporating environment-related costs (greenhouse gases, to be specific) into freight transportation planning and proposes an integer program in the form of a linear cost, multicommodity, capacitated network design formulation that minimizes the amount of greenhouse gas emissions of transportation activities. Computational results based on an application of the proposed approach on a real-life rail freight transportation network are presented.     

Time Charters with Purchase Options in Shipping: Valuation and Risk Management

Abstract

The article studies the valuation and optimal management of Time Charters with Purchase Options (T/C–POPs), which is a specific type of asset lease with embedded options that is common in shipping markets. T/C–POPs are economically significant and sometimes account for more than half of the stock market value of listed shipping companies.

The main source of risk in markets for maritime transportation is the freight rate, and we therefore specify a single-factor continuous time model for the dynamic evolution of freight rates that allows us to price a wide variety of freight rate-related derivatives including various forms of T/C–POPs using contingent claims valuation techniques. Our model allows for the derivation of closed valuation formulas for some simple freight rate derivatives, whereas the more complex ones are analysed using numerical (finite difference) procedures. We accompany our theoretical results with illustrative numerical examples as we proceed.     

干散货运价波动的杠杆效应特征研究——基于非对称随机波动模型

由信息冲击引起的干散货运价的剧烈波动给航运实体市场带来巨大风险,同等强度的利空消息通常要比利好消息引起更大的市场波动,本文对干散货航运市场运价波动存在的杠杆效应特征进行研究,为航运企业和租船人等把握市场态势、规避风险提供重要依据。考虑运价收益分布的厚尾特征,改变传统的非对称随机波动模型中随机误差项的正态分布假定,建立基于student-t分布的改进的非对称随机波动模型,在贝叶斯分析的基础上通过MCMC方法进行参数估计。通过实证研究发现,在考虑了极端风险情况后,改进的厚尾分布的非对称随机波动模型对干散货运价波动的杠杆效应特征刻画更加准确和优越。     

Real-time control of freight forwarder transportation networks by integrating multimodal transport chains

Western European freight forwarders are continually being forced to increase the efficiency of their transportation processes because of the liberalization and deregulation of the European transport market. This paper proposes a new real-time-oriented control approach in order to expand load consolidation, reduce empty vehicle trips, and handle dynamic disturbances. This approach integrates multimodal transportation and multiple transshipments for the first time. Thus, it enables the flexible generation and adaptation of transportation processes. In order to be able to handle occurring disturbances, an optimization procedure that adapts the transportation processes is continually applied. Vehicle breakdowns or deceleration of vehicles, traffic congestion, and street blockages are integrated as possible disturbance scenarios. At the same time, dynamically incoming transportation requests are also dealt with. Moreover, cooperative agreements between freight forwarders, which are gaining increasing importance, are integrated by mapping hubs and external services. The efficiency of the new real-time approach is validated by several computational experiments. In particular, the use of the entire execution time for plan adaptation as well as the integration of multiple transshipments has shown promising results.     

“冰上丝绸之路”货物吸引的中国沿海港口空间分异及类型识别

通过构建港口货物吸引潜力模型,预测“冰上丝绸之路”建设完成后,中国沿海港口体系针对中国-西北欧海运贸易的货运空间格局并识别货运空间类型。结果显示:在空间格局方面,吸引潜力分布呈由北向南逐次递减趋势;液化天然气、煤炭、铁矿石、木材和潜力总值具有显著的空间正相关性,石油和集装箱在空间上表现为随机分布模式;环渤海和长三角已具有一定的港口层级结构特征,东南沿海、珠三角和西南沿海低值集聚特征较明显。在货运空间类型方面,港口体系结构的重心在北部港口地区,环渤海大型港口的综合性货流聚集能力要强于其他地区,沿海港口基本符合货运规模越大,其综合货运等级越高的趋势。