Optical bistability using quantum coherence in a microwave-driven four-level atomic system

The behavior of the optical bistability (OB) is investigated in an optical system which consists of a four-level atomic system with a microwave drive field and an optical cavity. It is found that the optical bistability can be accomplished by adjusting different physical parameters in both steady and transient process. Due to the existence of the microwave drive field, the optical bistability can be also obtained even under weak coherent coupling field condition. Since the intensity and phase of microwave drive field can be conveniently modulated, this optical system provides a new experimental method to test the optical bistability theory.     

两腔级联纠缠增强的理论分析

高纠缠度的纠缠源是实现高保真度量子信息传输与处理的保障,因为受到光学元器件自身性能不完美的限制,通过有效的操控手段来提高光场的纠缠度是十分必要的.连续变量Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场可以利用工作在阈值以下的非简并光学参量放大器来获得.将两个非简并光学参量放大器级联,可以利用第二个光学腔来操控第一个光学腔输出的纠缠态光场,在一定条件下实现光场的纠缠增强.本文通过理论分析设计出两种光学腔级联的实验系统,其中,纠缠产生装置采用具有三共振结构的半整块驻波腔,输出到目前为止世界上单腔获得两组份纠缠态光场纠缠度的最高值,操控光学腔采用驻波腔或四镜环形腔的结构.详细对比分析了不同结构的操控腔对纠缠增强效果的影响,得出利用不同腔形作为操控腔的最佳实验方案.同时分析了级联腔输出光场的纠缠度随不同物理参量的变化关系,得出进一步优化的最佳实验系统参量,为实验获得更高纠缠度的纠缠态光场提供了依据.     

Tunable Single-Passband Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Sagnac Loop and Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

A tunable single-passband microwave photonic filter is proposed and demonstrated, based on a laser diode(LD)array with multiple optical carriers and a Fabry-Perot(F-P) laser diode. Multiple optical carriers in conjunction with the F-P LD will realize a filter with multiple passbands. By adjusting the wavelengths of the multiple optical carriers, multiple passbands are merged into a single passband with a broadened bandwidth. By varying the number of the optical carrier, the bandwidth can be adjusted. The central frequency can be tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the multiple optical carriers simultaneously. A single-passband filter implemented by two optical carriers is experimentally demonstrated.     

Experiments with twisted light

The generic – that is, stable under perturbations – nodes of the field in a monochromatic light beam are optical vortices. We describe here their connection to Chladni's nodal lines in the oscillations of metal plates, as well as a few experiments that have been performed with optical vortices. We will describe how optical vortices can be generated experimentally; how it can be shown that they possess orbital angular momentum; how individual photons can be sorted according to their vortex state; and how optical vortices can be used to demonstrate higher-dimensional quantum entanglement.     

光学形式量子化算符法与矩阵法的对应关系

本文从光学位置坐标算符和正则动量算符的定义以及线性光学系统光学算符的幺正性假设出发,由线性系统的普遍性质建立光学系统算符表示和矩阵表示的关联方程,进而利用该方程实现了光学算符和光学矩阵的互为导出,因此证明了光学算符法和矩阵法的等效对应关系。最后,本文说明了光学算符的物理意义。 关键词：     

光学元件波前畸变对驱动器光路设计的影响

高功率激光驱动器光路设计要考虑像传递、鬼像规避和杂散光管理等多项优化措施.基于衍射光学传播理论,从输出负载能力提升的角度研究大口径光学元件波前特性对驱动器光路设计参数优化的影响.研究表明,驱动器末级光路的排布间隔如果控制在6 m以上,将非常有助于提高激光驱动器的输出负载能力.一般情况下,波前峰谷值达到0.34λ的单块大口径光学元件能使高功率激光的近场光束质量最大下降约10%,达到1.36λ后最大下降约21%;波前分布特性不同的多片大口径光学元件的波前相消叠加有利于降低中频波前部分对装置负载能力的影响,但是,大口径光学元件的非线性效应会加重中频波前对装置输出负载能力的影响;在限定大口径元件损伤阈值20J/cm~2的前提下,光路排布紧凑的激光驱动器末级输入激光通量控制在16.8J/cm~2之下不易损伤光学元件.相对宽松的光路设计可以进一步提高末级输出激光的平均通量水平,非常有利于激光驱动器装置输出负载能力的提升.     

Embedded dots inside glass for optical film using UV laser of ultrafast laser pulse

Microstructures are usually fabricated on the surface of optical sheets to improve the optical characteristics. In this study, a new fabrication process with UV (ultraviolet) laser direct writing method is developed to embed microstructures inside the glass. Then the optical properties of glass such as reflection and refraction indexes can be modified. Single- and multi-layer microstructures are designed and embedded inside glass substrate to modify the optical characteristics. Both luminance and uniformity can be controlled with the embedded microstructures. Thus, the glass with inside pattern can be used as a light guide plate to increase optical performance. First, an optical commercial software, FRED, is applied to design the microstructure configuration. Then, UV laser direct writing with output power 2.5-2.6 W, repetition rate 30 kHz, wave length: 355 nm, and pulse duration 15 ns is used to fabricate the microstructures inside the glass. The effect of dot pattern in the glass such as the dot pitch, the layer gap, and the number of layer on the optical performance is discussed. Machining capacity of UV laser ranges from micron to submicrometer; hence with this ultrafast laser pulse, objectives of various dimensions such as dot, line width, and layers can be easily embedded in the glass by one simple process. In addition, the embedded microstructures can be made with less contamination. Finally, the optical performance of the glasses with various configurations is measured using a Spectra Colorometer (Photo Research PR650) and compared with the simulated results.     

A new method to improve power efficiencies of optical systems with Cassegrain-telescope receivers

We presented a new method to improve power efficiencies of the optical systems with Cassegrain telescope receivers by using vortex sources with optimized parameters. A typical model of optical systems with Cassegrain telescope receivers was established and power losses in the optical system under the H-V 5/7 turbulence model were analyzed in detail. The calculating results showed that power efficiency of the optical system can be improved from 76.48% to 97.25%. A reduced-scaled experiment was carried out and the experimental results showed that power efficiency of the optical system can be improved from 71.89% to 90.60%.     

Tunable coupling of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of two identical dielectric cylinders and a silver film

The propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) is intrinsically limited by the metallic ohmic loss that is enhanced by the strongly confined electromagnetic field. In this paper, we propose a new class of hybrid plasmonic waveguides(HPWs) that can support long-range SPP propagation while keeping subwavelength optical field confinement. It is shown that the coupling between the waveguides can be well tuned by simply varying the structural parameters. Compared with conventional HPWs, a larger propagation length as well as a better optical field confinement can be simultaneously realized. The proposed structure with better optical performance can be useful for future photonic device design and optical integration research.     

基于光谱密度的差分吸收光谱法气体测量系统的校准研究

差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)是基于朗伯比尔定律的光谱法测量气体的重要方法,按此原理建立的测量系统是测量痕量气体的主要方法。用于测量痕量气体的DOAS系统的关键是其检出限的校准,传统的方法是使用标准气体进行校准。但是由于标准气体自身的量值确定问题,在ppb甚至ppt级的不确定度大于10%,而一般的ppt级的DOAS测量系统本身的不确定度也会高于标准气体,导致传统方法失效。提出一种基于光谱密度的DOAS系统校准方法,利用朗伯比尔定律将DOAS系统的检出限和光谱密度建立关系。由于光谱密度作为光学量值可以测量到10-6甚至更高,所以通过该方法可以实现DOAS系统在ppb乃至ppt级的校准。本方法需要根据待校准的测量系统光学结构的基本参数计算其总的标准光学密度值,然后把标准光学密度片放入测量系统光程中,测得其光学密度值,根据前后两次光学密度计算测量系统的测量偏差,进而分析计算测量系统的标准不确定度和标定的扩展不确定度,所得到的标定的扩展不确定度即为测量系统的检出限。该方法完全基于光学测量,不需引入标准气体评估,基于光学密度的精密测量和测量系统光学结构的装调误差,实现测量系统在较小不确定度水平上的标定,提高检出限标定的精度。本方法在开放光程式的DOAS系统上进行了实验验证。     

Using diffractograms to evaluate optical systems with coherent illumination

A new approach to measuring aberrations of an optical system with coherent illumination is introduced. The optical system is evaluated by use of a so-called weak phase object and by digital image recording and processing. Based on the contrast transfer function theory for coherent systems, the main aberrations of the optical system can be determined. This is a convenient approach to evaluating and measuring complex optical systems with numerous optical elements after assembly and can serve as a simple performance test of an optical instrument in the field.     

红外耦合光学系统设计

红外目标模拟器由红外目标图像发生器和投影光学系统组成。该红外光学系统是一个要求与2个导引光学系统的光学技术参数相匹配的长焦距、大视场和具有像方远心光路的中红外光学系统。叙述用于红外目标模拟器的红外耦合光学系统的设计原理，提出它与导引光学系统一起可组成放大倍率M=4.5×的红外投影光学系统，并指出IR CRT产生的图像通过红外投影光学系统可成像在导引接收器上。针对给出的红外耦合光学系统的设计特点和技术要求，光学材料选取硅（Si） 锗（Ge） 硅（Si），采用简单的柯克三片式结构完成光学系统设计。设计评价结果表明，该系统的光学性能和成像质量均满足设计指标要求。     

Quantum temporal correlations and entanglement via adiabatic control of vector solitons

It is shown that optical pulses with an average position accuracy beyond the standard quantum limit can be produced by adiabatically expanding an optical vector soliton followed by classical dispersion management. The proposed scheme is also capable of entangling positions of optical pulses and can potentially be used for general continuous-variable quantum-information processing.     

Dynamically controlled optical nonreciprocity of a double-ladder system with spontaneously generated coherence in moving atomic optical lattice

A four-level double-ladder cold atoms system with spontaneously generated coherence trapped in a moving optical lattice is explored to achieve optical nonreciprocity. When spontaneously generated coherence(SGC) is present, the remarkable contrast optical nonreciprocity of light transmission and reflection can be generated at each induced photonic bandgap in the optical lattice with a velocity of a few m/s. However, when the SGC effect is absent, the optical nonreciprocity becomes weak or even vanishing due to the strong absorption. It is found that the optical nonreciprocity is related to the asymmetric Doppler effect in transmission and reflection, meanwhile the degree and position of optical nonreciprocity can be tuned by the SGC effect and the Rabi frequency of the trigger field.     

Optical pulling force on nanoparticle clusters with gain due to Fano-like resonance

We demonstrate that, in a simple linearly-polarized plane wave, the optical pulling forces on nanoparticle clusters with gain can be induced by the Fano-like resonance. The numerical results based on the full-wave calculation show that the optical pulling forces can be attributed to the recoil forces for the nanoparticle clusters composed of dipolar nanoparticles with three different configurations. Interestingly, the recoil forces giving rise to optical pulling forces are exactly dominated by the coupling term between the electric and magnetic dipoles excited in the nanoparticle clusters, while other higher-order terms have a negligible contribution. In addition, the optical pulling force can be tailored by modulating the Fano-like resonance via either the particle size or the gain magnitude, offering an alternative freedom degree for optical manipulations of particle clusters.     

All-Optical Switching between Optical Bistability and Multistability via Exciton Spin Relaxation

All-optical coherent control of optical bistability(OB) and optical multistability(OM) in the 4.8 nm Zn Se single-quantum well based on excitons and biexciton transitions is investigated. By applying a pair of phase-locked laser pulses all-optical coherent control can be obtained. Theoretical analysis with density matrix and Maxwell equations then yield the optical bistability and optical multistability. It is shown that by controlling the coherent and incoherent processes, the intensity threshold of OB and OM can be modified. Also, it is found that the switching between OB and OM or vice versa can be occurred for some controllable parameters.     

LCD投影系统光学引擎的计算机仿真分析

光学引擎是决定LCD投影系统色度、光度品质的核心部件之一。根据投影系统光学引擎的结构特点，结合色度学原理，利用光路追踪法编制了光学引擎的色度、光度仿真分析软件。仿真分析软件具有双向功能：对引擎的光学系统可进行色度光度计算，并可根据色度、光度指标优化光学引擎结构。将仿真与实际的光学引擎进行了对比实验，得到多组投影视场的色坐标对比数据，最后用软件优化了一个光学引擎，得到该引擎结构的优化数据。实验结果表明：该软件可提高光学引擎的设计效率。     

Optical soliton with group delay in microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides

This paper derives the dispersion relation of microring coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) without any approximation by using the transfer matrix method. Based on the established dispersion relation of CROWs it obtains the slow group velocity and dispersion coefficient. It finds that the effect of dispersion on optical pulses can be adjusted to balance the effect of nonlinearity by changing coupling coefficient or loss, so optical soliton with group delay can be obtained in microring CROWs. The optical soliton with group delay is of great significance for applications of microring CROWs in delay lines and optical buffers of future all-optical communication systems.     

Polarization maintaining fibers for application in magnetic field measurements

Optical fibers may be applied in measurements of electrical current, particularly as so-called optical current transformers. Electric current sensors, in which optical fibers are used are small, light, cheap and safe. Their sensitivity is, however, due to the restricted magnetootpic properties of optical fibers, rather small. Moreover, these sensors are susceptible to deformations of the optical fiber. An increase of their sensitivity consists in lengthening the distance of optical fiber on which the magnetic field acts. However, this can lead to an increase of disturbances caused by changes of internal stresses. The negative effects can be reduced by applying optical fibers with a higher magnetooptic sensitivity and a lower susceptibility to mechanical stresses and deformations. The present paper deals with side-hole optical fibers with a decreased birefringence reducing the susceptibility to deformations. The optical fibers consist of a multicomponent glass with a higher value of the refractive index, thanks to which the sensitivity to the effect of the external magnetic field is increased. In future such optical fibers are planed to be applied in magnetooptic sensors.     

Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a uniform wavelength period

We have realized a first optical filter composed of optical delay lines and couplers that has a periodic response with respect to wavelength, whereas a conventional optical filter is known to have a periodic response to relative optical frequency. This new filter can be constructed by using a phase-generating coupler (PGC) that supplies the optical delay lines with a wavelength-dependent nonlinear phase. The PGC, which is also composed of optical delay lines and couplers, can simultaneously provide a desired phase and an arbitrary amplitude coupling ratio. We applied our transformation method to a conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as an example of an optical frequency filter and converted it to an optical wavelength filter. We fabricated the designed MZI on a silica-based planar lightwave circuit and successfully realized what is believed to be the first MZI with a uniform wavelength period.