Hβ分子筛催化剂的制备及其在合成2-乙基蒽醌中的应用

制备了系列Hβ分子筛催化剂Cat T(T为焙烧温度)和系列负载型催化剂CatR550[R=H2SO4(a),(NH4)2S2O8(b)和(NH4)2SO4(c)]。以邻苯二甲酸酐(2)和乙苯(3)经Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应合成2-乙基葸醌(1)为探针反应,考察了T和R对其催化活性的影响。结果表明:最佳焙烧温度为550℃;最佳R为c。以Cat550为催化剂对合成1的反应条件进行了优化,考察了反应温度,反应时间,Cat550用量及r[n(2)∶n(3)]对酰化反应的影响。在最佳反应条件[2 40 mmol,n(2)∶n(3)=1∶25,Cat550用量2.0 g,于250℃反应5 h]下,2的转化率为30.6%,1的选择性为33.8%,1的收率为10.3%。以Catc550为催化剂,在c(c)为1.75 mol·L-1时,在相同的最佳反应条件下,2的转化率为39.0%,1的选择性为43.4%,1的收率为16.9%。     

H_2SO_4/AC无溶剂催化合成香豆素衍生物

以浓硫酸改性活性炭[H2SO4/AC(Cat)]为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,取代酚和乙酰乙酸甲酯(2)经Pechmann缩合反应合成了5个香豆素衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和IR确证。以间甲酚(1a)和2合成4,7-二甲基香豆素(3a)为例,考察原料配比[r=n(1a)∶n(2)]、反应温度、Cat用量及反应时间对Pechmann反应的影响。在最佳反应条件[1a 5 mmol,r=1.0∶2.0,Cat 18%,于120℃反应3 h]下,3a收率80%。     

对甲苯磺酸与碘协同催化合成月桂酸甲酯

以甲醇(1)和月桂酸(2)为原料,碘和对甲苯磺酸协同催化合成了月桂酸甲酯(3),其结构经IR确证。考察了催化剂、反应时间、反应温度和物料比r[n(1)∶n(2)]对3产率的影响。结果表明:在最优反应条件(2 10mmol,r=15∶1,3 mol%TsOH,6 mol%I2,于60℃反应90 min)下,3产率93.5%。     

wo3催化h2o2氧化环己酮合成己二酸

以WO3为催化剂,在无有机溶剂和相转移催化剂的情况下,用H2O2氧化环己酮合成己二酸。探讨了催化剂用量、H2O2用量、反应温度和时间等条件对反应的影响。在优化条件下:n(环己酮)∶n(H2O2)∶n(WO3)=100∶500∶2,反应温度为120℃,反应6 h,己二酸分离收率可达80.3%,纯度为99.8%;催化剂重复使用5次后己二酸收率仍可达70.2%。     

负载型蒙脱土催化芦竹碱的微波合成

以吲哚(1)、甲醛(2)和二甲胺(3)为原料,固载蒙脱土(MMT)/路易斯酸(L)为催化剂,通过微波辐射合成了芦竹碱(4),其结构经1H NMR确证。考察了MMT/L、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂和物料比r[n(1)∶n(2)∶n(3)]对4产率的影响。结果表明:在最优反应条件[甲醇为溶剂,MMT/Zn Cl2为催化剂,MMT/Zn Cl218 mg,1 1mmol,r=1.0∶1.3∶1.3,于50℃反应10 min]下合成4,产率93.8%。MMT/Zn Cl2循环使用3次,4产率60.0%     

对硝基邻苯二乙醚合成技术研究

以邻苯二酚与溴乙烷为原料、聚乙二醇为相转移催化剂合成邻苯二乙醚,再经过冰醋酸和硝酸硝化得到对硝基邻苯二乙醚。研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比和催化剂用量等对反应收率的影响,获得了合成邻苯二乙醚的优化工艺条件:n(C6H4(OH)2)∶n(NaO H)∶n(C2H5Br)=1∶2.6∶2.4,反应温度80℃,反应时间4h,催化剂用量2g,该反应条件下邻苯二乙醚平均收率88%。混酸硝化条件下合成对硝基邻苯二乙醚的较佳工艺条件为n(C10H14O2)∶n(HNO3)=1∶1.2,乙酸25mL,反应时间30min,反应温度20℃,该反应条件下对硝基邻苯二乙醚平均收率为99%。     

氯化磷酸二苯酯的合成和结构表征

以苯酚、三氯氧磷为原料,以无水三氯化铝为催化剂合成了氯化磷酸二苯酯;采用正交试验研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和原料配比对反应收率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件;并利用红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了产物的结构.结果表明,影响反应收率的几种因素的排序为:反应温度>原料配比>催化剂用量>反应时间;最佳反应条件为:温度70℃、反应时间15h、原料配比(n苯酚∶n三氯氧磷)2∶1、催化剂用量0.8g(相对于苯酚的质量分数为4.25%).与此同时,采用加水后处理方法可以提高产品收率和可操作性.     

磷钨酸改性分子筛PW-β/MCM-41催化合成对甲氧基苯乙酮

以碱处理的β分子筛为硅铝源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,制得β/MCM-41微-介孔复合分子筛(1),考察了NaOH溶液浓度和CTAB用量对1的影响。结果表明:用1.5 mol·L~(-1)NaOH溶液和10%CTAB溶液处理原料,1质量较好。以磷钨酸(PW)改性1制备了PW-β/MCM-41催化剂(2,PW负载量35%),其结构经FT-IR和XRD表征。以苯甲醚(AN)和乙酸酐(AA)合成对甲氧基苯乙酮(p-MOAP)为模板反应研究了2的催化性能,并考察了2的用量,物料比r[n(AA)∶n(AN)],反应温度和反应时间对p-MOAP收率的影响。结果表明:在最优条件(AN 0.05 mol,r=1.5,2 0.5 g,于105℃反应3.5 h)下,p-MOAP收率80.5%,选择性97.9%。     

硫酸氢钾催化一锅法合成1-乙酰胺烷基-2-萘酚

以硫酸氢钾为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下催化2-萘酚和乙酰胺分别与苯甲醛、对硝基苯甲醛、水杨醛、茴香醛、香兰素等五种芳香醛的三组分反应,利用一锅法合成了系列1-乙酰胺烷基-2-萘酚.以1-乙酰胺基苯甲基-2-萘酚(AAN)的合成为模板反应考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、原料配比及反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响.结果表明,硫酸氢钾催化合成AAN反应的适宜条件为:n(2-萘酚)∶n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰胺)∶n(硫酸氢钾)=1∶1.2∶1.2∶0.05,90℃下反应40min,AAN的收率达92.1%.硫酸氢钾对其他四种反应也有较理想的催化作用,目标产物收率为69.1%～94.0%.     

环保增塑剂柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯的合成

以柠檬酸和2-乙基己醇为原料,用结晶硫酸高铈为催化剂合成环保增塑剂柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应结果的影响,对合成的产品进行了红外光谱分析。实验结果表明,硫酸高铈催化合成柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯的最佳反应条件为n(2-乙基已醇)∶n(柠檬酸)=3.60∶1,催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的1.5%,反应时间为90 m in,反应温度为150℃~160℃,在最佳反应条件下,柠檬酸三(2-乙基)己酯收率在98%以上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.