钙钛矿型氧化物负载纳米金属催化剂结构的动态调变及其催化氧化CO反应性能

研究了钛酸钡和钛酸钙担载的Ag和Pt纳米催化剂的表面结构随氧化-还原处理过程的动态变化及其对CO完全氧化反应性能的影响.发现氧化物担载的Ag催化剂在氧化处理后其催化活性较还原处理的高; X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征结果表明,氧化处理能够提高载体表面Ag颗粒的分散度,而还原处理导致Ag颗粒的聚集,从而降低了催化氧化CO反应的活性.氧化-还原处理改变了担载Ag纳米粒子的尺寸并影响其CO氧化反应活性.与此相反,氧化物担载的Pt催化剂在还原处理后所表现出的CO氧化反应活性较氧化处理的高; 对比研究发现,氧化和还原处理后Pt纳米粒子的尺寸基本相同,但是氧化处理的样品中Pt表面物种以氧化态为主,而还原处理后Pt表面物种主要为金属态.Pt纳米粒子表面化学状态随氧化-还原处理的调变是导致表面催化活性差异的主要原因.     

担载钒氧化物催化剂对丙烷选择氧化性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了SBA-15担载的钒基氧化物催化剂,使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析、氮气吸附、紫外激光拉曼、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）光谱对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并评价了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化的活性与选择性.实验结果表明SBA-15载体对丙烷选择氧化的活性优于常规的SiO₂载体.SBA-15担载的低载量催化剂是高分散的催化剂体系,在低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<2.5%）时,催化剂具有规则的六方介孔结构.低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<0.1%）时,隔离四配位的钒氧化物是丙烷选择氧化生成醛类化合物的活性物种;高钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）>2.5%）时,聚合六配位的钒氧化物和微晶钒氧化物是丙烷脱氢或深度氧化的活性物种.     

Keggin型多元杂多酸催化合成苯乙酮环乙二缩酮

合成了一系列具有Keggin结构的P-V-Mo-W四元杂多酸H3+xPVxMoyW12-x-yO40.nH2O(其中,x=1,2和3),采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射等方法表征了杂多酸的结构;以磷钒钼钨杂多酸为催化剂合成苯乙酮环乙二缩酮.考察了催化剂的种类、醇酮摩尔比、带水剂的种类和反应条件(催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应温度、反应时间)对苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮反应的影响.在优化条件下,即苯乙酮0.1 mol、乙二醇0.14 mol、催化剂H6PV3MoW8O400.4 mmol、在110℃反应6 h、带水剂环己烷15 mL,苯乙酮的转化率达到84.1%、苯乙酮环乙二缩酮的选择性达到99.4%.     

TiO_2和ZrO_2担载的钒氧化物对柴油炭黑催化燃烧的原位紫外激光拉曼光谱研究

利用紫外激光拉曼(UV-Raman)光谱表征了担载TiO2或ZrO2表面的钒氧化物催化剂的分子结构,采用原位UV-Raman光谱考察了V4/TiO2和V4/ZrO2催化剂对柴油炭黑催化燃烧的真实反应状态.结果表明:随着反应温度的升高,TiO2发生了从锐钛矿相到金红石相的晶相转移;然而,ZrO2载体没有观察到明显的相转移过程发生.担载钒氧化物的结构也与钒的载量有关,当钒的载量m(m是每100个载体金属离子中所含的钒离子数)等于4时,钒氧化物在TiO2或ZrO2载体上达到了单层饱和分散,此时催化剂的氧化还原能力最强.所以,在TiO2或ZrO2担载的钒氧化物催化剂中,V4/TiO2和V4/ZrO2是各自系列催化剂中对炭黑燃烧活性最高的催化剂.在炭黑的催化燃烧过程中,原位UV-Raman光谱检测到表面含氧络合物(SOC)的形成,而且SOC主要以羧基功能团的形态存在.反应气体中NO的存在能够促进SOC的生成.     

SBA-15介孔分子筛担载的钒基氧化物催化剂对乙烷选择氧化性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了SBA-15担载的钒基(V/SBA-15)和钾修饰的钒基氧化物(K-V/SBA-15)催化剂, 使用氮气吸附、小角X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和紫外激光拉曼光谱对这些催化剂的结构进行表征, 并评价了这些催化剂对乙烷选择氧化的活性与选择性. 实验结果表明介孔结构SBA-15对乙烷选择氧化的活性优于常规的SiO2; 对于SBA-15担载的V/SBA-15和K-V/SBA-15催化剂, 极低钒担载量(nV:nSi≤0.1:100)时隔离的四配位钒氧化物是乙烷选择氧化生成醛类化合物的活性物种, 高钒担载量(nV:nSi≥2.5:100)时聚合的和微晶态的钒氧化物是乙烷氧化脱氢或深度氧化的活性物种.     

不同载体负载的 Rh 基催化剂催化甲烷溴氧化反应

 在常压固定床反应器上考察了不同载体担载的 Rh 催化剂上的甲烷溴氧化反应, 发现在惰性载体 SiC 和 SiO2 担载的 Rh 催化剂上溴代甲烷选择性较高, 而以金属氧化物 ZrO2 和 TiO2 为载体的 Rh 催化剂上易发生深度氧化. 程序升温还原实验表明, 惰性载体担载的 Rh 催化剂更难还原. 热力学数据分析表明, 在所考察的温度区间内, 提高反应温度有利于一溴甲烷水汽重整反应的进行. 惰性载体担载的 Rh 催化剂活性高可归因于 Rh 适中的氧化还原能力, 抑制了溴甲烷水汽重整反应的进行. 由于 Rh/SiC 显示出较高的甲烷转化率和溴代甲烷选择性, 因此对该催化剂的 Rh 载量和反应条件进行了优化. 结果表明, 在 620 oC, 气、液空速分别为 900 和 3.0 ml/(g•h) 条件下, 甲烷单程转化率和溴代甲烷总选择性分别保持在 20% 和 90% 以上, 并且连续反应 100 h 未发生催化剂失活.     

纳米孔Pt-(Re,Sn)/HZSM5-HMS催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应的实验和动力学研究

在200-350℃考察了Pt-(Sn,Re)/HZSM5-HMS催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应.采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附、吸附吡啶红外光谱、H2化学吸附、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和热重等技术对催化剂进行了表征.在不同的H2和正庚烷分压条件下考察了正庚烷异构化反应动力学,研究了反应条件对催化性能的影响.结果表明,双金属催化剂和三金属催化剂表现出比单金属催化剂更高的催化性能.200℃时Pt-Sn/HZSM5-HMS催化剂表现出最高的异庚烷选择性(＞74％)和多支链异构体选择性(40％).     

纳米孔Pt-(Re,Sn)/HZSM5-HMS催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应的实验和动力学研究（英文）

在200–350°C考察了Pt-(Sn,Re)/HZSM 5-HMS催化剂上正庚烷异构化反应.采用X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、H2程序升温还原、NH_3程序升温脱附、吸附吡啶红外光谱、H_2化学吸附、N_2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和热重等技术对催化剂进行了表征.在不同的H_2和正庚烷分压条件下考察了正庚烷异构化反应动力学,研究了反应条件对催化性能的影响.结果表明,双金属催化剂和三金属催化剂表现出比单金属催化剂更高的催化性能.200 oC时Pt-Sn/HZSM 5-HMS催化剂表现出最高的异庚烷选择性(74%)和多支链异构体选择性(40%).     

TiO2和ZrO2担载的钒氧化物对柴油炭黑催化燃烧的原位紫外激光拉曼光谱研究

利用紫外激光拉曼（UV-Raman）光谱表征了担载TiO2或ZrO2表面的钒氧化物催化剂的分子结构,采用原位UV—Raman光谱考察了V4/TiO2和V4/ZrO2催化剂对柴油炭黑催化燃烧的真实反应状态．结果表明：随着反应温度的升高,TiO2发生了从锐钛矿相到金红石相的晶相转移;然而,ZrO2载体没有观察到明显的相转移过程发生．担载钒氧化物的结构也与钒的载量有关,当钒的载量m（m是每100个载体金属离子中所含的钒离子数）等于4时,钒氧化物在TiO2或ZrO2载体上达到了单层饱和分散,此时催化剂的氧化还原能力最强．所以,在TiO2或ZrO2担载的钒氧化物催化剂中,V4／TiO2和V4／ZrO2是各自系列催化剂中对炭黑燃烧活性最高的催化剂．在炭黑的催化燃烧过程中,原位UV—Raman光谱检测到表面含氧络合物（SOC）的形成,而且SOC主要以羧基功能团的形态存在．反应气体中NO的存在能够促进SOC的生成．     

钴基催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢的催化作用

比较了氧化钴、氧化镍分别对乙烯、乙烷氧化的催化性能,结果发现：乙烯在氧化钴较氧化镍上更易进一步深度氧化生成CO2．通过对新制担载型Co-基催化剂随反应温度反复升、降温的乙烷氧化脱氢(ODHE)性能研究,展现了氧化钴活性相与SiO2载体相互作用对催化性能的影响．Weiss原位磁研究结果表明：SiO2担载的氧化钴催化剂较难还原,即使在反应气中氧被完全耗完时,钴仍停留在Co^2 的价态上．通过对数十个担载和未担载、不同载体、不同担载量的Co-基催化剂的ODHE性能考察表明：在Co-基催化剂上ODHE反应机理一般遵从Hetero-homogeneous机理．     

Isomerization of n-hexane over silica-supported heteropoly acids promoted by the reduced Ce-Ni oxides

The structure and catalytic properties of silica-supported heteropoly acids promoted by the reduced Ce-Ni oxides are first studied by using chemical analysis XRD, FT-Raman, XPS, EPR, TG, surface area measurements, and microreactor test. It is found that silica-supported heteropoly acids have isomerization activity, but are very easy to deactivate by coke deposition. With the promotion of the reduced Ce-Ni oxides, however, the better activity and the higher selectivity to isomers could be obtained, suggesting that the reduced Ce-Ni oxides really have hydrogenating/dehydrogenating functions. Moreover, it is found that the presence of the reduced Ce-Ni oxides is not only beneficial for eliminating the coke deposition, but also effective for maintaining the structure of silica-supported heteropoly acids during reaction. The effect of the composition of the mechanical mixtures of silica-supported heteropoly acids and the Ce-Ni oxides on the catalytic properties has been explored.     

SiO2 负载壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂催化芳香醛酮还原为芳香烃

 制备了 SiO2 负载的壳聚糖席夫碱钯催化剂, 利用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱和热重等方法对催化剂进行了表征, 并考察了该催化剂催化羰基加氢为亚甲基的反应性能, 以二苯甲酮为底物, 系统地研究了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 该催化剂具有较高的催化芳香羰基加氢为亚甲基的活性和选择性, 且反应可在较低的温度和常压的温和条件下进行. 关键词：壳聚糖; 席夫碱;     

Acetone oxidation using ozone on manganese oxide catalysts

Supported manganese oxide catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of alumina foam blocks washcoated with alumina and silica. The manganese content based on the weight of the washcoats was 10 wt % calculated as MnO2. Fourier transform profiles of the Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra for these samples gave three distinctive peaks at 0.15, 0.25, and 0.32 nm and were close to the profiles of Mn3O4 and beta-MnO2. The number of surface active sites was determined through oxygen chemisorption measurements at a reduction temperature (Tred = 443 K) obtained from temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments. Acetone catalytic oxidation was studied from room temperature to 573 K, and was found to be highly accelerated by the use of ozone on both catalysts with substantial reductions in the reaction temperature. The only carbon-containing product detected was CO2. The alumina-supported catalyst was found to be more active than the silica-supported catalyst in acetone and ozone conversion, with higher turnover frequencies (TOFs) for both reactions. The pressure drop through the foam was low and increased little (0.003 kPa/10 000 h(-1)) with space velocity. In situ steady-state Raman spectroscopy measurements during the acetone catalytic oxidation reaction showed the presence of an adsorbed acetone species with a C-H bond at 2930 cm(-1) and a peroxide species derived from ozone with an O-O bond at 890 cm(-1).     

硅胶负载的亚胺环钯催化剂的制备、表征及催化性能

利用SiO2表面硅羟基与有机硅烷作用制得氨基化SiO2,再与邻甲氧基苯甲醛反应,可得到键合在SiO2微粒表面的席夫碱配体,该配体与Li2PdCl4甲醇溶液反应得到SiO2负载的亚胺环钯催化剂.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线固体粉末衍射和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并用于催化碘代苯(PhI)与丙烯酰胺(AM)反应生成反式-肉桂酰胺的反应中,考察了溶剂、温度、原料比、缚酸剂及其用量、催化剂用量和反应时间对催化性能的影响,从而得到适宜的反应条件,并探讨了反应机理.     

Photocatalytic reduction of an azide-terminated self-assembled monolayer using CdS quantum dots

Ordered, tightly packed aryl-azide-terminated, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were created on gold substrates from a new disulfide precursor. These monolayers were reduced at least partially in an aqueous environment using approximately 2 nm CdS quantum dots (Qdots) as photocatalysts to give mixed monolayers of arylamine- and aryl azide-terminated species. The CdS photocatalysts were made available for the reaction by exposure of the azide-terminated SAM to Qdots initially in solution or by preadsorption of the CdS nanoparticles on the SAM. In either case, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), grazing angle Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements were used to show the occurrence of the photocatalytic reduction. As further evidence for the presence of arylamine-terminated thiolate in the reduced SAM, these arylamine groups were successfully tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The use of Qdot photocatalysts to functionalize surfaces may lead to a means to pattern surfaces at the nanoscale.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen over highly dispersed titanium, vanadium, and chromium oxides on silica

Photocatalytic oxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen at room temperature was investigated over various silica-supported metal oxides with low loading. The photocatalytic active site is assumed to be the isolated tetrahedrally coordinated metal oxides in the ligand-to-metal charge-transferred state, such as (Mdelta- -OLdelta+). Photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene into propylene oxide was promoted over silica-supported V and Ti oxides at steady state. Over silica-supported Cr oxide, the propylene oxide formation rate was remarkably decreased with the time course in the reaction. The oxidation state and the coordination environment of the supported Ti, V, and Cr oxide species were determined by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DRS) and electron spin resonance (ESR). During the photocatalytic oxidation, the oxidation state of the Ti4+ species was not varied. On the other hand, the V5+ species was partially reduced to V4+ and the Cr6+ species was successively reduced to Cr5+ and Cr3+. An isotopic tracer study of the C3H6-18O2 reaction suggests the difference of the active oxygen species between TiO2/SiO2 and V2O5/SiO2. The active oxygen species on TiO2/SiO2 is derived from molecular oxygen. On the other hand, the photogenerated products on V2O5/SiO2 incorporate the lattice oxygen of the surface metal oxide species. It is suggested that the kinds of terminal ligand (hydroxyl or oxo) of the tetrahedrally coordinated metal oxides on silica decide the active oxygen species in the photocatalytic oxidation. A photoinduced hole center on the monohydroxyl (SiO)3Ti-OH species activates molecular oxygen that reacts with propylene. In the case of the monooxo (SiO)3V=O and dioxo (SiO)2Cr=O2 species, the photoactivated lattice oxygen (OL-) directly reacts with propylene.     

Cu-Ce-O mixed oxides from Ce-containing layered double hydroxide precursors: Controllable preparation and catalytic performance

Cu/Zn/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors have been synthesized using an anion exchange method with anionic Ce complexes containing the dipicolinate (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) ligand. Cu-Ce-O mixed oxides were obtained by calcination of the Ce-containing LDHs. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and low temperature N₂ adsorption/desorption measurements. The results reveal that the inclusion of Ce has a significant effect on the specific surface area, pore structure, and chemical state of Cu in the resulting Cu-Ce-O mixed metal oxides. The resulting changes in composition and structure, particularly the interactions between Cu and Ce centers, significantly enhance the activity of the Ce-containing materials as catalysts for the oxidation of phenol by hydrogen peroxide.     

三甲基硅基淀粉醚的合成

本文以淀粉和三甲基氯硅烷(TMS-Cl)为原料,在吡啶中合成了三甲基硅基淀粉醚(TMSS).详细研究了反应温度、时间、吡啶以及三甲基氯硅烷(TMS-Cl)用量等对TMSS产率的影响.红外及核磁图谱表明,三甲基硅基被成功地引入淀粉的分子骨架.     

Self-sustained kinetic oscillations in CO oxidation over silica-supported Pt

Isothermal self-sustained kinetic oscillations in CO oxidation over silica-supported Pt at near-atmospheric pressure were studied by combined in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The use of a specially designed reactor and careful choice of the physical properties of the catalyst and reaction conditions made it possible to eliminate diffusion limitations, to determine the maximum CO oxidation rate per Pt site in the purely kinetic regime and to clarify the mechanism of the oscillations. Specifically, our results indicate that during the high reactive periods the reaction mainly occurs on the oxide surface.     

Electronic and chemical properties of nanostructured cerium dioxide doped with praseodymium

Nanostructured doped ceria is a prospective material for catalytic applications such as the construction of membranes with mixed electronic and ionic conductivity for effective syngas production. In this article, the surface properties of nanostructured ceria doped with praseodymium have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed carbon monoxide. The effects of supporting 1.4 wt % Pt as well as structural changes upon the reduction of the samples with methane have been investigated. While in samples without supported platinum, mainly praseodymium cations are reduced in a methane atmosphere; stronger reduction of cerium cations was found in the case of surface modification with Pt. The structural differences correlate with results from temperature-programmed reaction experiments with methane. Explanations are discussed in terms of different reaction mechanisms.