驱镉剂N－（d－葡萄糖基）－L－氨基酸类化合物的~1HNMR谱研究

ｄ－葡萄糖与Ｌ－氨基酸缩合制得一类新型驱隔剂，本文报道５种Ｎ－（－葡萄糖基）－Ｌ－氨基酸的１ＨＮＭＲ．当氨基酸侧链上有含羟基、巯基及苄基一类的富电荷基时，葡萄糖基上的质子都移向高场．这可能与这些基团的存在不利于Ｎ－取代氨基酸生成内盐有关．动物实验表明：与甘氨酸的衍生物比较，它们的驱镉性能也较优秀，本文推测，不利于生成内盐的基因也可能有助于发挥驱镉效应．     

N-磷酰化叉肽结构与NMR波谱

测定了N-磷酰化叉肽(2-5)在溶液中的NMR谱.发现它们具有非对映异位,分子无规卷曲及氢键相互作用.波谱分析表明,磷酰基的参与,主要影响其结合部位的氨基酸.由于肽平面的生成及分子内、分子间氢键影响的改变,致使叉肽中支链的Dipp-Ala磷酰基与β位羰基的相对位置发生变化.磷酰基与N-C_α基团仍处于反式位置,这可能是该氨基酸侧链无极性基团的缘故.     

D-葡萄糖热裂解生成丙烯醛的理论研究

用新一代密度泛函方法(XYG3)考察了D-葡萄糖热裂解生成丙烯醛的各种可能途径. 该反应最有利的路径为: 葡萄糖首先异构成果糖,然后经周环Grob碎片化及电环化脱水,最终生成丙烯醛. 预测丙烯醛主要源自D-葡萄糖上C4、C5和C6,与¹³C同位素标记实验相符.     

新显色试剂1-(4-磺基苯)-3-(2-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镉(Ⅱ)的显色反应

合成了一种新三氮烯类显色剂1-(4-磺基苯)-3-(2-吡啶)-三氮烯(简称SPPT),并研究了在Triton X-100存在下,于pH为9.18的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中与镉的显色反应.结果表明,试剂与镉生成橙红色配合物.方法用于废水中微量镉的测定,结果令人满意.     

氮丙啶化合物的NMR与立体构型

本文报导了N-(x-溴代丙烯酰)对氨基苯磺酸与四种氨基酸(乙氨酸,β-丙氨酸,L-丙氨酸和D,L-苯丙氨酸)的反应产物的结构,测定了它们的~1H,~(13)C-NMR谱。采用NMR的各种技术对谱线进行归属。根据NMR谱的差别,讨论了该类氮丙啶化合物的立体构型与N-取代基性质的关系,确定了四种氮丙啶化合物的构型。     

甲酰基及乙酰基吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啡啉的13C NMR谱图研究

测定了一系列N-甲酰基、N-乙酰基环胺的¹³C NMR谱,对甲酰基、乙酰基对于环胺上的C原子的影响进行了讨论,影响因素主要在于C-N键的部分双键性,以及基团的空间效应.     

四种4-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯类电致发光材料电子结构和光谱性质的理论计算

用从头算HF和密度泛函B3LYP方法对4种4-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯类化合物4-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯(a)、2-氯-4'-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯(b)、2,6-二氯-4'-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯(c)及2,6-二甲氧基-4'-N,N-二苯胺基均二苯乙烯(d)进行全优化,并用CIS优化a及d分子的激发态结构.用TDDFT方法计算吸收和发射光谱,考查了溶剂对吸收光谱的影响.结果表明,该类化合物在基态与激发态的跃迁,主要是电子云分布从离域到定域的转变.吸收及发射光谱的计算结果与实验值一致,溶剂对四种化合物的吸收光谱影响不大,而对化合物b及c的强度影响较大.     

N-甲酰基化合物的NMR谱的研究

测定了一系列N-甲酰基化合物的NMR波谱,对其一般特征进行了对比、讨论,尤其注意到由于C-N键的双键性而产生的异构体的性质以及氢键对于异构体的稳定作用.对于复杂的N-甲酰基化合物可根据简单的N-甲酰基化合物的谱图进行讨论.     

Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级研究

通过变温I-V测试方法对中波Si基碲镉汞光伏探测器的深能级进行了研究. 首先在产生-复合电流为主导电流机理范围内对Si基碲镉汞探测器的I-1/(k_BT)曲线拟合,得到-0.01 V偏压下单元Si基碲镉汞器件的深能级E_g/4.然后对不同偏压下的实验数据进行了拟合、比较,发现不同偏压下起主导作用的深能级与该偏压下的暗电流机理有较好的对应关系. 最后对-0.01 V偏压下不同面积器件的深能级进行了拟合、比较,发现 关键词： Si基碲镉汞 深能级 产生-复合电流 理想因子     

取代亚胺中亚胺基^15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算苯甲醛亚胺、N-苯基亚胺、N-甲基亚胺、N-异丙基亚胺中亚胺基氮原子15N NMR化学位移的经验公式:δcal=δ0n Δα Δβ Δγ c.按亚胺基氮原子和碳原子上两类取代基的不同分别结合最小二乘法通过线性回归各得到5种取代基参数,计算结果分别以其化学位移数据为样本点作回归检验,置信度为99.5%,最大误差Δδ≤3.1,大约有95%的15N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于3.0(相对误差小于0.3%).初步分析了芳香族亚胺苯环上对位取代基对亚胺基氮原子化学位移的影响.     

Solid state 19F NMR parameters of fluorine-labeled amino acids. Part II: aliphatic substituents

A representative set of amino acids with aliphatic 19F-labels has been characterized here, following up our previous compilation of NMR parameters for single 19F-substituents on aromatic side chains. Their isotropic chemical shifts, chemical shift tensor parameters, intra-molecular 19F dipole-dipole couplings and temperature-dependent T1 and T2 relaxation times were determined by solid state NMR on twelve polycrystalline amino acid samples, and the corresponding isotropic 19F chemical shifts and scalar couplings were obtained in solution. Of particular interest are amino acids carrying a trifluoromethyl-group, because not only the 19F chemical shift but also the intra-CF3 homonuclear dipolar coupling can be used for structural studies of 19F-labeled peptides and proteins. The CF3-groups are further compared with CH2F-, CD2F-, and CD3-groups, using both 19F and 2H NMR to describe their motional behavior and to examine the respective linebroadening effects of the protonated and deuterated neighbors. We have also characterized two unnatural amino acids in which a CF3-label is rigidly connected to the backbone by a phenyl or bicyclopentyl moiety, and which are particularly well suited for structure analysis of membrane-bound polypeptides. The 19F NMR parameters of the polycrystalline amino acids are compared with data from the correspondingly labeled side chains in synthetic peptides.     

三种低聚肽的物理化学性质的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函理论对三种由不同氨基酸组成的低聚肽进行结构优化,并对其平均结合能和振动红外光谱进行分析,三种低聚肽分别为甘氨酸低聚肽、甘-丙氨酸低聚肽和甘-色氨酸低聚肽.本文主要研究,在肽链骨架相同而侧链基团不同的情况下,低聚肽的物理化学性质变化.结果表明,随着氨基酸残基数量的增加,三种低聚肽的结构稳定性都会增强,同时三种低聚肽也存在着尺寸效应,即官能团的振动都存在红移和奇偶振荡现象.侧链基团的引入会对低聚肽骨架的几何结构产生影响,在肽链生长过程中,侧链基团空间位阻大的分子优先自组装.本研究对应用红外光谱测定肽链基团和合成低聚肽等方面有一定指导意义.     

三种低聚肽的物理化学性质的密度泛函研究

运用密度泛函理论对三种由不同氨基酸组成的低聚肽进行结构优化,并对其平均结合能和振动红外光谱进行分析,三种低聚肽分别为甘氨酸低聚肽、甘-丙氨酸低聚肽和甘-色氨酸低聚肽.本文主要研究,在肽链骨架相同而侧链基团不同的情况下,低聚肽的物理化学性质变化.结果表明,随着氨基酸残基数量的增加,三种低聚肽的结构稳定性都会增强,同时三种低聚肽也存在着尺寸效应,即官能团的振动都存在红移和奇偶振荡现象.侧链基团的引入会对低聚肽骨架的几何结构产生影响,在肽链生长过程中,侧链基团空间位阻大的分子优先自组装.本研究对应用红外光谱测定肽链基团和合成低聚肽等方面有一定指导意义.     

20种氨基酸近红外光谱及其分子结构的相关性

旨在研究20种氨基酸的分子结构与其近红外光谱的相关性,为氨基酸近红外光谱在动物科学、食品和医药等方面的推广应用奠定一定的理论基础。应用岛津傅里叶变换红外光谱仪IRPrestige-21及其近红外附件FlexIRTM Near-Infrared Fiber Optics module,采集20种氨基酸标准物质在1 000～2 502 nm波长范围内的近红外光谱,分辨率8 cm-1,每个样品扫描3次,每次扫描50遍,取其平均值为氨基酸标准品的近红外光谱。根据氨基酸侧链基团的不同,分别比较脂肪族氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸和杂环氨基酸中各氨基酸分子结构与其近红外光谱的相关性。研究表明,20种氨基酸在1 000～2 502 nm区域有非常明显的近红外光谱吸收且差异显著。分子量较大的脂肪族氨基酸其近红外光谱受侧链基团的影响较大,而甘氨酸近红外光谱受羧基和氨基的影响较大;两种芳香族氨基酸近红外光谱的差异主要来自于苯环,酪氨酸苯环上的—OH基团降低了苯分子的对称性,导致更多振动吸收峰的出现;杂环氨基酸因其侧链上杂环分子基团构成不同,其近红外光谱在1 600～1 800 nm区域差异较大。综上,20种氨基酸主要存在4个特征光谱区：第1特征光谱区为1 050～1 200 nm主要由C—H基团的二级倍频构成;第2特征光谱区为1 300～1 500 nm主要由C—H基团的组合频构成;因侧链基团分子构成不同,在第3特征光谱区1 600～1 850 nm和第4特征光谱区2 000～2 502 nm表现出差异较大的特征吸收峰。因此,可以利用此4个近红外光谱特征区域对氨基酸进行定量和定性分析,提高氨基酸近红外光谱模型预测的准确性。     

Asymmetric MRI magnet design using a hybrid numerical method

Two-dimensional 1H/13C polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle experiments were applied to single crystal samples of amino acids to demonstrate their potential utility on oriented samples of peptides and proteins. High resolution is achieved and structural information obtained on backbone and side chain sites from these spectra. A triple-resonance experiment that correlates the 1H-13Calpha dipolar coupling frequency with the chemical shift frequencies of the alpha-carbon, as well as the directly bonded amide 15N site, is also demonstrated. In this experiment the large 1H-13Calpha heteronuclear dipolar interaction provides an independent frequency dimension that significantly improves the resolution among overlapping 13C resonances of oriented polypeptides, while simultaneously providing measurements of the 13Calpha chemical shift, 1H-13C dipolar coupling, and 15N chemical shift frequencies and angular restraints for backbone structure determination.     

Effects of alkyl side chains on properties of aliphatic amino acids probed using quantum chemical calculations

Effects of alkyl side chains (R‐) on the electronic structural properties of aliphatic amino acids are investigated using quantum mechanical approaches. The carbon (C 1s) binding energy spectra of the aliphatic amino acids are derived from the C 1s spectrum of glycine (the parent spectrum) by the addition of spectral peaks, depending on the alkyl side chains, appearing in the lower energy region IP < 290 eV (where IP is the ionization potential). The two glycyl parent spectral peaks of the amide 291.0 eV [C₍₂₎] and carboxylic 293.5 eV [C₍₁₎] C atoms are shifted in the aliphatic amino acids owing to perturbations depending on the size and structure of the alkyl chains. The pattern of the N 1s and O 1s spectra in glycine is retained in the spectra of the other amino acids with small shifts to lower energy, again depending on the alkyl side chain. The Hirshfeld charge analyses confirm the observations. The alkyl effects on the valence binding energy spectra of the amino acids are concentrated in the middle valence energy region of 12–16 eV, and hence this energy region of 12–16 eV is considered as the `fingerprint' of the alkyl side chains. Selected valence orbitals, either inside or outside of the alkyl fingerprint region, are presented using both density distributions and orbital momentum distributions, in order to understand the chemical bonding of the amino acids. It is also observed that the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of the aliphatic amino acids are reduced with the growth of the alkyl side chain.     

五种氨基酸钆络合物的ESR波谱

迄今未见任何稀土氨基酸络合物的ESR波谱报道,本文在合成Gd³⁺分别与甘氨酸、β-丙氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺五种氨基酸络合物的基础上,测定了不同温度下,水溶液、粉末及分子筛吸附样品的ESR谱,讨论了络合物中晶体场强,对称性及成键特性。     

Solid state 19F NMR parameters of fluorine-labeled amino acids. Part I: aromatic substituents

Structural parameters of peptides and proteins in biomembranes can be directly measured by solid state NMR of selectively labeled amino acids. The 19F nucleus is a promising label to overcome the low sensitivity of 2H, 13C or 15N, and to serve as a background-free reporter group in biological compounds. To make the advantages of solid state 19F NMR fully available for structural studies of polypeptides, we have systematically measured the chemical shift anisotropies and relaxation properties of the most relevant aromatic and aliphatic 19F-labeled amino acids. In this first part of two consecutive contributions, six different 19F-substituents on representative aromatic side chains were characterized as polycrystalline powders by static and MAS experiments. The data are also compared with results on the same amino acids incorporated in synthetic peptides. The spectra show a wide variety of lineshapes, from which the principal values of the CSA tensors were extracted. In addition, temperature-dependent T(1) and T(2) relaxation times were determined by 19F NMR in the solid state, and isotropic chemical shifts and scalar couplings were obtained in solution.     

X射线光谱法研究Cd2+-氨基酸配合物

本文研究了重金属离子Cd^2 －Glu配合物的合成方法，用X射线光谱对Cd^2 －氨基酸配合物进行了鉴定。     

Photochirogenesis: photochemical models on the absolute asymmetric formation of amino acids in interstellar space

Proteins of all living organisms including plants, animals, and humans are made up of amino acid monomers that show identical stereochemical L-configuration. Hypotheses for the origin of this symmetry breaking in biomolecules include the absolute asymmetric photochemistry model by which interstellar ultraviolet (UV) circularly polarized light (CPL) induces an enantiomeric excess in chiral organic molecules in the interstellar/circumstellar media. This scenario is supported by a) the detection of amino acids in the organic residues of UV-photo-processed interstellar ice analogues, b) the occurrence of L-enantiomer-enriched amino acids in carbonaceous meteorites, and c) the observation of CPL of the same helicity over large distance scales in the massive star-forming region of Orion. These topics are of high importance in topical biophysical research and will be discussed in this review. Further evidence that amino acids and other molecules of prebiotic interest are asymmetrically formed in space comes from studies on the enantioselective photolysis of amino acids by UV-CPL. Also, experiments have been performed on the absolute asymmetric photochemical synthesis of enantiomer-enriched amino acids from mixtures of astrophysically relevant achiral precursor molecules using UV-circularly polarized photons. Both approaches are based on circular dichroic transitions of amino acids that will be highlighted here as well. These results have strong implications on our current understanding of how life's precursor molecules were possibly built and how life selected the left-handed form of proteinogenic amino acids.