量子点的荧光共振能量转移在生物分析中的应用

量子点良好的光谱特性和自身优点,使其可以作为生物荧光探针,而替代传统荧光染料。近年来这方面的研究已经取得了一定的进展。目前,量子点在共振能量转移方面的研究,进一步扩展了它在生物分析中的应用。介绍了量子点基于共振能量转移原理在生物分析中的应用,即利用量子点设计的两种类的蛋白-蛋白特异性结合分析和3种生物传感器的模型设计。     

CdSe量子点/核壳结构的制备及在敏化太阳能电池中的应用进展

综述了CdSe量子点和核-壳型量子点的制备及其在敏化太阳能电池方面的应用进展.     

量子点电化学发光及其在生物分析中的应用

量子点作为一种新型的电化学发光体具有独特的理化性质,是电化学发光分析领域的研究热点之一.本文简要介绍了量子点电化学发光的机理,回顾了近几年来功能化量子点作为电化学发光体在免疫分析、核酸分析、适体分析、细胞表面聚糖分析等方面的应用,并对其今后的发展方向作了展望.     

近红外荧光探针及其在生物分析中的应用进展

本文评述了自1999年以来近红外荧光探针和标记试剂及其在生物分析中的应用进展。包括:菁染料、噻嗪和噁嗪染料、含四吡咯基团染料(酞菁和卟啉)、罗丹明类、BODIPY、稀土离子配合物和量子点等。描述了它们在荧光测定和毛细管分离荧光检测以及免疫荧光分析方面的应用。引用文献75篇。     

量子点在生物化学分析中的应用

量子点（quantumdots,QDs）由于其优异的光学和电学特性,作为新型的荧光试剂探针对生物大分子进行标记,成为近年来迅速发展的纳米材料在生化分析领域的重要应用之一。文章简述了量子点的基本特性,对制备和修饰量子点的各种方法进行比较总结,重点阐述量子点在生物化学分析中的新进展,尤其是对生物大分子的识别和标记作了详细的总结,并提出研究中存在的一些待解决的问题以及今后量子点的研究方向。     

基于量子点标记的适配体技术在分析检测中的研究进展

由于光学性质独特,量子点成为近年来发展起来的极具应用前景的半导体纳米材料,作为荧光标记物在生物和化学领域备受关注。随着生物技术的发展,适配体以其高特异性、强亲和力等特点被用作生物探针或生物传感元件,在分析检测中得到广泛应用。将量子点与适配体结合构建的纳米生物识别体系,互补结合适配体和量子点的特殊性质,可实现对靶标物质的超灵敏、高选择性及快速检测。本文概述了量子点的合成、修饰及其与适配体的偶联,重点介绍了近几年基于量子点标记的适配体技术在生物分子、病原微生物、细胞、真菌毒素等方面的应用,并展望了该技术在分析检测领域的发展趋势。     

量子点光刻技术及其显示应用

量子点显示器件具有高光谱纯度、宽色域、高亮度等优势,被认为是显示行业未来的一个重要发展方向。发展量子点高精度光刻图案化技术对实现其在显示领域的应用具有重要的意义。本文阐述了量子点光刻技术的最新进展,主要包括光刻胶辅助剥离光刻和直接光刻技术。在直接光刻技术方面,着重介绍混入光刻胶光刻和配体工程光刻,并对图案化的量子点发光层在光致发光和电致发光中的应用进展进行评述。同时,介绍量子点光刻中存在的问题并展望其在超高分辨率显示领域的应用前景。     

量子点在生物化学传感中的应用研究进展

综述了荧光量子点在生物化学传感中的研究应用进展,重点介绍离子、酶以及糖类的传感,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景。     

基于量子点的检测技术在法庭科学物证鉴定中的应用研究进展

由于具有独特的纳米尺寸效应和高灵敏度的光电效应,碳量子点以及半导体量子点技术已经被广泛应用于材料科学、生物和医药等领域。本文在简述量子点结构、合成方法等基础上,着重介绍了基于量子点的检测技术在法庭科学领域毒物、毒品和微量物证鉴定中的应用,旨在分析基于量子点的检测技术研究与应用现状,展望其在法庭科学领域中的应用前景。     

水溶性量子点的制备及应用

高量子产率的水溶性量子点在众多领域如发光晶体、薄膜光激发器件,尤其是生物荧光标记中展现出巨大的潜在应用价值.量子点荧光明亮、稳定,激发光谱宽,发射光谱窄,且发射波长可通过改变材料的粒径大小和组成来调控,因而在生物样本尤其是活组织的多色成像中极为有用,能有效避免因样本自身发光和光散射导致的信号干扰.量子点的研究已成为一门新兴的交叉科学,是目前最有吸引力的研究领域之一.近年来,水溶性量子点作生物荧光标记物的研究取得了长足的进展.本文简述了量子点的结构特征及光学特性,重点综述了水溶性量子点的制备方法及应用研究进展,特别是它在生物、医学中作荧光探针的最新研究.     

超快速液相色谱法测定甲基苯丙胺

建立了用超快速液相色谱(UFLC)仪测定甲基苯丙胺含量的方法。采用XR-ODS柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸-甲醇(85∶15),流速为0.4 mL/min,检测波长为215 nm。该法在1~5000μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2=0.9998,日内与日间保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差均小于6%,样品的加标回收率为92.4%~116.7%,检出限为0.68μg/mL。该方法适用于甲基苯丙胺的定性定量分析。     

Polymeric microfluidic system for DNA analysis

The application of micro total analysis system (μTAS) has grown exponentially in the past decade. DNA analysis is one of the primary applications of μTAS technology. This review mainly focuses on the recent development of the polymeric microfluidic devices for DNA analysis. After a brief introduction of material characteristics of polymers, the various microfabrication methods are presented. The most recent developments and trends in the area of DNA analysis are then explored. We focus on the rapidly developing fields of cell sorting, cell lysis, DNA extraction and purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA separation and detection. Lastly, commercially available polymer-based microdevices are included.     

Solid‐phase extraction with the metal–organic framework MIL‐101(Cr) combined with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for the fast analysis of triazine herbicides

MIL‐101(Cr) is an excellent metal–organic framework with high surface area and nanoscale cavities, making it promising in solid‐phase extraction. Herein, we used MIL‐101(Cr) as a solid‐phase extraction packing material combined with fast detection of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) for the analysis of triazine herbicides. After systematic optimization of the operation parameters, including the gas temperature of DART, the moving speed of the 1D platform, solvent for desorption, amount of MIL‐101(Cr) extraction time, eluent volume and salt concentration, this method can realize the simultaneous detection of five kinds of triazine herbicides. The limits of detection were 0.1～0.2 ng/mL and the linear ranges covered more than two orders of magnitude with the quantitation limits of 0.5～1 ng/mL. Moreover, the developed method has been applied for the analysis of lake water samples and the recoveries for spiked analytes were in the range of 85～110%. These results showed that solid‐phase extraction with metal–organic frameworks is an efficient sample preparation approach for DART‐MS analysis and could find more applications in environmental analysis.     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in nanoliter droplets: towards high-sensitivity detection of mercury (II) ions

We report a new method for the trace analysis of mercury (II) ions in water. The approach involves the use of droplet-based microfluidics combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. This novel combination provides both fast and sensitive detection of mercury (II) ions in water. Specifically, mercury (II) ion detection is performed by using the strong affinity between gold nanoparticles and mercury (II) ions. This interaction causes a change in the SERS signal of the reporter molecule rhodamine B that is a function of mercury (II) ion concentration. To allow both reproducible and quantitative analysis, aqueous samples are encapsulated within nanoliter-sized droplets. Manipulation of such droplets through winding microchannels affords rapid and efficient mixing of the contents. Additionally, memory effects, caused by the precipitation of nanoparticle aggregates on channel walls, are removed since the aqueous droplets are completely isolated by a continuous oil phase. Quantitative analysis of mercury (II) ions was performed by calculating spectral peak area of rhodamine B at 1,647 cm⁻¹. Using this approach, the calculated concentration limit of detection was estimated to be between 100 and 500 ppt. Compared with fluorescence-based methods for the trace analysis of mercury (II) ions, the detection sensitivities were enhanced by approximately one order of magnitude. The proposed analytical method offers a rapid and reproducible trace detection capability for mercury (II) ions in water.     

高效液相色谱法定量分析奥曲肽

建立奥曲肽的高效液相色谱定量分析方法。色谱柱为Eclipse plus C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.25%高氯酸水溶液(体积比为30∶70),流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,柱温为25℃。奥曲肽的质量浓度在4.38~219 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1.1 ng,定量限为2.19 ng。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.26%~0.46% (n=5),加标回收率为97.41%~100.26%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于奥曲肽原料药与制剂的定量分析。     

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of explosives residues: a review of recent advances, challenges, and future prospects

In this review we discuss the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of detection of residues of explosives. Research in this area presented in open literature is reviewed. Both laboratory and field-tested standoff LIBS instruments have been used to detect explosive materials. Recent advances in instrumentation and data analysis techniques are discussed, including the use of double-pulse LIBS to reduce air entrainment in the analytical plasma and the application of advanced chemometric techniques such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis to discriminate between residues of explosives and non-explosives on various surfaces. A number of challenges associated with detection of explosives residues using LIBS have been identified, along with their possible solutions. Several groups have investigated methods for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of LIBS for detection of explosives, including the use of femtosecond-pulse lasers, supplemental enhancement of the laser-induced plasma emission, and complementary orthogonal techniques. Despite the associated challenges, researchers have demonstrated the tremendous potential of LIBS for real-time detection of explosives residues at standoff distances. Figure This review discusses the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the problem of explosive residue detection. LIBS offers the capability for real-time, standoff detection of trace amounts of residue explosives on various surfaces     

转基因作物检测新技术研究进展

随着生物技术的发展,转基因作物的种植面积显著增加,公众对转基因产品的安全性也更加关注。因此,加强对转基因作物及其产品的检测尤为重要。现有的常规转基因检测方法已不能满足快速、灵敏、高通量及准确定量的要求。本文就转基因检测技术的研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了蛋白质组学技术、生物分子互作技术及近红外光谱分析技术等新技术在转基因检测中的应用前景。     

Ion chromatograph with three-dimensional printed absorbance detector for indirect ultraviolet absorbance detection of phosphate in effluent and natural waters

An ion chromatography system employing a low-cost three-dimensional printed absorbance detector for indirect ultraviolet detection towards portable phosphate analysis of environmental and industrial waters has been developed. The optical detection cell was fabricated using stereolithography three-dimensional printing of nanocomposite material. Chromatographic analysis and detection of phosphate were carried out using a CS5A 4 × 250 mm analytical column with indirect ultraviolet detection using a 255 nm light-emitting diode. Isocratic elution using a 0.6 mM potassium phthalate eluent combined with 1.44 mM sodium bicarbonate was employed at a flow rate of 0.75 mL/min. A linear calibration range of 0.5 to 30 mg/L PO₄³⁻ applicable to environmental and wastewater analysis was achieved. For retention time and peak area repeatability, relative standard deviation values were 0.68 and 4.09%, respectively. Environmental and wastewater samples were analyzed with the optimized ion chromatography platform and the results were compared to values obtained by an accredited ion chromatograph. For the analysis of environmental samples, relative errors of <14 % were achieved. Recovery analysis was also carried out on both freshwater and wastewater samples and recovery results were within the acceptable range for water analysis using standard ion chromatography methods.     

Chemometrics on Microchips: Towards the Classification of Wines

The coupling of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) microchip with electrochemical detection with a chemometric approach was used for the classification of wines. Cabernet Sauvignon wine samples from 3 different geographical regions were used for verifying the discriminating power of the microchip electrophoretic technique using high separation voltage (3000 V) with analysis time of only 60 seconds. Electrophoretic data were transformed into initial 14 variables, concerning peak's area and peak's height. Principal component analysis was applied to optimize the information given by the electrophoretic data sets. Results of classification using LDA and CART were promising and the preliminary model was able to classify samples on the basis of their geographical origin. While the coupling of microchips with chemometrics approaches is illustrated for a former tentative of the classification of wines it could be readily extended to a wide range of other important applications.     

Recent advances in miniaturization of portable liquid chromatography with emphasis on detection

Liquid chromatography is a prominent analytical technique in separation science and chemical analysis, applied across numerous fields of research and within industrial applications. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in the miniaturization of this technique, which has been particularly enabled through new miniature and portable detection technologies for in-field, at-site, and point-of-need (collectively ‘out-of-lab’) analyses. Accordingly, significant advances have been made in recent years in the development of miniaturized liquid chromatography with photometric, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric detection, enabling the development of field-deployable and portable instruments for various applications. Herein, recent developments in the miniaturization of detection systems for inclusion within, and/or coupling with, portable liquid chromatographic systems, are reviewed in detail together with critical comments and expected future trends in this area.