On cyclic <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-gonal Riemann surfaces with several <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-gonal morphisms

Let p be a prime number, p > 2. A closed Riemann surface which can be realized as a p-sheeted covering of the Riemann sphere is called p-gonal, and such a covering is called a p-gonal morphism. If the p-gonal morphism is a cyclic regular covering, the Riemann surface is called a cyclic p-gonal Riemann surface. Accola showed that if the genus is greater than (p − 1)² the p-gonal morphism is unique. Using the characterization of p-gonality by means of Fuchsian groups we show that there exists a uniparametric family of cyclic p-gonal Riemann surfaces of genus (p − 1)² which admit two p-gonal morphisms. In this work we show that these uniparametric families are connected spaces and that each of them is the Riemann sphere without three points. We study the Hurwitz space of pairs (X, f), where X is a Riemann surface in one of the above families and f is a p-gonal morphism, and we obtain that each of these Hurwitz spaces is a Riemann sphere without four points.     

On q-n-gonal Klein Surfaces

We consider proper Klein surfaces X of algebraic genus p ≥ 2, having an automorphism φ of prime order n with quotient space X/（φ） of algebraic genus q. These Klein surfaces axe called q-n-gonal surfaces and they are n-sheeted covers of surfaces of algebraic genus q. In this paper we extend the results of the already studied cases n ≤ 3 to this more general situation. Given p ≥ 2, we obtain, for each prime n, the （admissible） values q for which there exists a q-n-gonal surface of algebraic genus p. Furthermore, for each p and for each admissible q, it is possible to check all topological types of q-n-gonal surfaces with algebraic genus p. Several examples are given： q-pentagonal surfaces and q-n-gonal bordered surfaces with topological genus g = 0, 1.     

On the uniqueness of (<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>)-gonal automorphisms of Riemann surfaces

Let X be a compact Riemann surface of genus g ≥  2. A cyclic subgroup of prime order p of Aut(X) is called properly (p, h)-gonal if it has a fixed point and the quotient surface has genus h. We show that if p > 6h + 6, then a properly (p, h)-gonal subgroup of Aut(X) is unique. We also discuss some related results.     

On Macbeath-Singerman symmetries of Belyi surfaces with PSL(2,p) as a group of automorphisms

The famous theorem of Belyi states that the compact Riemann surface X can be defined over the number field if and only if X can be uniformized by a finite index subgroup Γ of a Fuchsian triangle group Λ. As a result such surfaces are now called Belyi surfaces. The groups PSL(2,q),q=p ⁿ are known to act as the groups of automorphisms on such surfaces. Certain aspects of such actions have been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we deal with symmetries. Singerman showed, using acertain result of Macbeath, that such surfaces admit a symmetry which we shall call in this paper the Macbeath-Singerman symmetry. A classical theorem by Harnack states that the set of fixed points of a symmetry of a Riemann surface X of genus g consists of k disjoint Jordan curves called ovals for some k ranging between 0 and g+1. In this paper we show that given an odd prime p, a Macbetah-Singerman symmetry of Belyi surface with PSL(2,p) as a group of automorphisms has at most     

On gonality of Riemann surfaces

A compact Riemann surface X is called a (p, n)-gonal surface if there exists a group of automorphisms C of X (called a (p, n)-gonal group) of prime order p such that the orbit space X/C has genus n. We derive some basic properties of (p, n)-gonal surfaces considered as generalizations of hyperelliptic surfaces and also examine certain properties which do not generalize. In particular, we find a condition which guarantees all (p, n)-gonal groups are conjugate in the full automorphism group of a (p, n)-gonal surface, and we find an upper bound for the size of the corresponding conjugacy class. Furthermore we give an upper bound for the number of conjugacy classes of (p, n)-gonal groups of a (p, n)-gonal surface in the general case. We finish by analyzing certain properties of quasiplatonic (p, n)-gonal surfaces. An open problem and two conjectures are formulated in the paper.     

On A(X) → TC(X) for some X

Let X be a connected based space and p be a two-regular prime number. If the fundamental group of X has order p, we compute the two-primary homotopy groups of the homotopy fiber of the trace map A(X) → TC(X) relating algebraic K-theory of spaces to topological cyclic homology. The proof uses a theorem of Dundas and an explicit calculation of the cyclotomic trace map K(ℤ[C_p])→ TC(ℤ[C_p]).     

Kp,q-factorization of complete bipartite graphs

Let K _m,nbe a complete bipartite graph with two partite sets having m and n vertices, respectively. A K _p,q-factorization of K _m,n is a set of edge-disjoint K _p,q-factors of K _m,n which partition the set of edges of K _m,n. When p = 1 and q is a prime number, Wang, in his paper “On K _1,k -factorizations of a complete bipartite graph” (Discrete Math, 1994, 126: 359—364), investigated the K _1,q -factorization of K _m,nand gave a sufficient condition for such a factorization to exist. In the paper “K _1,k -factorizations of complete bipartite graphs” (Discrete Math, 2002, 259: 301—306), Du and Wang extended Wang’s result to the case that q is any positive integer. In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for K _m,n to have a K _p,q-factorization. As a special case, it is shown that the Martin’s BAC conjecture is true when p : q = k : (k+ 1) for any positive integer k.     

The gonality of Riemann surfaces under projections by normal coverings

A compact Riemann surface X of genus g≥2 which can be realized as a q-fold, normal covering of a compact Riemann surface of genus p is said to be (q,p)-gonal. In particular the notion of (2,p)-gonality coincides with p-hyperellipticity and (q,0)-gonality coincides with ordinary q-gonality. Here we completely determine the relationship between the gonalities of X and Y for an N-fold normal covering X→Y between compact Riemann surfaces X and Y. As a consequence we obtain classical results due to Maclachlan (1971) [5] and Martens (1977) [6].     

Central Units in ℤCp,q

Let C_{p, q} be the semi-direct product of a cyclic group of order q by a cyclic group of order p, and ?C_{p, q} the integral group ring of C_{p, q}. In this article, firstly, we describe the group of normalized central units of ?C_{p, q} as a direct product of two subgroups that we call units of first kind and of second kind. For a class of prime numbers that we call good primes, we construct a multiplicatively independent set which generates the group of units of first kind. Finally, we construct a set of multiplicatively independent units which generates the units of second kind for a larger class of primes.     

Defining equations for cyclic prime covers of the Riemann sphere

We determine a method to find explicit defining equations for each compact Riemann surface which admits a cyclic group of automorphisms C _p of prime order p such that the quotient space has genus 0.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-Besselian Frames in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of q-Besselian frame and （p, σ）-near Riesz basis in a Banach space, where a is a finite subset of positive integers and 1/p＋1/q = 1 with p 〉 1, q 〉 1, and determine the relations among q-frame, p-Riesz basis, q-Besselian frame and （p, σ）-near Riesz basis in a Banach space. We also give some sufficient and necessary conditions on a q-Besselian frame for a Banach space. In particular, we prove reconstruction formulas for Banach spaces X and X^＊ that if {xn}n=1^∞ C X is a q-Besselian frame for X, then there exists a p-Besselian frame {y＆＊}n=1^∞ belong to X^＊ for X^＊ such that x = ∑n=1^∞ yn^＊（x）xn for all x ∈ X, and x^＊ =∑n=1^∞ x^＊（xn）yn^＊ for all x^＊ ∈ X^＊. Lastly, we consider the stability of a q-Besselian frame for the Banach space X under perturbation. Some results of J. R. Holub, P. G. Casazza, O. Christensen and others in Hilbert spaces are extended to Banach spaces.     

Tightening Turyn’s bound for Hadamard difference sets

This work examines the existence of (4q ²,2q ²−q,q ²−q) difference sets, for q=p ^f , where p is a prime and f is a positive integer. Suppose that G is a group of order 4q ² which has a normal subgroup K of order q such that G/K ≅ C _q ×C ₂×C ₂, where C _q ,C ₂ are the cyclic groups of order q and 2 respectively. Under the assumption that p is greater than or equal to 5, this work shows that G does not admit (4q ²,2q ²−q,q ²−q) difference sets.     

Completeness of Normal Rational Curves

The completeness of normal rational curves, considered as (q + 1)-arcs in PG(n, q), is investigated. Previous results of Storme and Thas are improved by using a result by Kovács. This solves the problem completely for large prime numbers q and odd nonsquare prime powers q = p ^2h+1 with p prime, , where p ₀(h) is an odd prime number which depends on h.     

On *-Clean Group Rings II

A ring with involution * is called *-clean if each of its elements is the sum of a unit and a projection (*-invariant idempotent). Recently, Gao, Chen, and Li obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for RG to be *-clean, where R is a commutative local ring and G is one of C₃, C₄, S₃, and Q₈. Most recently, Li, Yuan, and Parmenter gave a complete characterization of when the group algebra FC_p is *-clean, where F is a field and C_p is a cyclic group of prime order p. In this article, we extend the above mentioned result from FC_p to F_qC_p^k, where F_q is a finite field and C_p^k is a cyclic group of an odd prime power order p^k. For the general case when G = C_n is cyclic group of order n, we also provide a necessary condition and a few sufficient conditions for F_qC_n to be *-clean.     

On the classes of hereditarily ℓp Banach spaces

Let X denote a specific space of the class of X _α,p Banach sequence spaces which were constructed by Hagler and the first named author as classes of hereditarily ℓ_p Banach spaces. We show that for p > 1 the Banach space X contains asymptotically isometric copies of ℓ_p. It is known that any member of the class is a dual space. We show that the predual of X contains isometric copies of ℓ_p where 1/p + 1/q = 1. For p = 1 it is known that the predual of the Banach space X contains asymptotically isometric copies of c ₀. Here we give a direct proof of the known result that X contains asymptotically isometric copies of ℓ₁.     

Generalized Mukai conjecture for special Fano varieties

Let X be a Fano variety of dimension n, pseudoindex i _X and Picard number ρ_X. A generalization of a conjecture of Mukai says that ρ_X(i _X −1)≤n. We prove that the conjecture holds for a variety X of pseudoindex i _X ≥n+3/3 if X admits an unsplit covering family of rational curves; we also prove that this condition is satisfied if ρ_X> and either X has a fiber type extremal contraction or has not small extremal contractions. Finally we prove that the conjecture holds if X has dimension five.     

Continuation of a linear operator to an involution operator

A bounded linear operatorA:X→X in a linear topological spaceX is called ap-involution operator,p≥2, ifA ^p=I, whereI is the identity operator. In this paper, we describe linearp-involution operators in a linear topological space over the field ℂ and prove that linear operators can be continued to involution operators. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp. 671–676, May, 1997. Translated by M. A. Shishkova     

Finite groups with seminormal Sylow subgroups

In this paper, we prove the following theorem： Let p be a prime number, P a Sylow psubgroup of a group G and π = π（G） ／ {p}. If P is seminormal in G, then the following statements hold： 1） G is a p-soluble group and P＇ ≤ Op（G）; 2） lp（G） ≤ 2 and lπ（G） ≤ 2; 3） if a π-Hall subgroup of G is q-supersoluble for some q ∈ π, then G is q-supersoluble.     

A congruence for the Fourier coefficients of a modular form and its application to quadratic forms

Let F(z)=∑ _n=1^∞ A(n)q ⁿ denote the unique weight 6 normalized cuspidal eigenform on Γ₀(4). We prove that A(p)≡0,2,−1(mod 11) when p≠11 is a prime. We then use this congruence to give an application to the number of representations of an integer by quadratic form of level 4.