ON PSEUDOGYMNOSOLENACEAE OF LATE PRECAMBRIAN IN CHINA

In this paper are summarized the distribution, horizon, time ranges, and assemblagecharacteristics of Pseudogymnosolenaceae Liang, Cao, Zhang et Qiu (fam. nov.) of Late Pre-cambrian in 10 areas belonging to 9 units of administration (provinces, cities and one auto-nomous region) in East China. The systematic classification and biological origin of thesestromatolites are also briefly discussed. The new family belongs to the micro-stromatolite type and is characterized by a smalland fine individuality, with a diameter mostly shorter than 1 cm, rarely 1--2 cm, a pseudo-columnar structure and an aspect of synchronous growing. It includes about 11 genera and54 species.     

STUDIES ON THE PHLOEM OF EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES IN VITRO

Inside the peeled bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. the immature secondary phloemwhich included ray cells and other living cells of the phloem, under cultures for vitro, coulddevelop callus from which it further differentiated discontinuously into meristematic zoneor formed some tracheids directly. Later on clusters of tracheid-like elements appeared.The callus coming from the phloem of male trees also differentiated into the primordia ofadventitious buds and roots. However, no sieve cell-like elements were developed in thephloem callus after culture in vitro.     

STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF B CHROMOSOMES IN RYE

The morphological structure, classification and meiotic behaviour as well as the possible origin of the extra centric fragment produced after intercellular chromatin migration (cytomixis) in pollen mother cells during synizesis in rye have been studied by the squash and Giemsa·C-banding techniques. The results showed that the structures of extra centric fragments are metacentric, submetacentric, telocentric or subtelocentric, being quite different from each other. Their originations are stochastic, because any chromosome can be formed by the fragment. The meiotic behaviour of extra centric fragments is identical with that of B chromosomes. We consider that extra centric fragments are B chromosomes. The fragments originated from the fragmentation of A chromosomes at synizesis during cytomixis. Thus we consider that cytomixis could be one of the origins of B chromosomes.     

ON THE ORIGIN OF STRESS PEAK IN UNI-AXIAL STRETCHING OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS

Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows a stress peak on theenineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl_3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for differenttimes. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching de-creased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a smallstress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak afterswelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in theinitial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modu-lus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of largerbinding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruptionof the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understand-ing of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon ofanti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.     

STUDIES ON GEOCHEMISTRY OF TUNGSTEN-BEARING FORMATIONS IN SOUTH CHINA

The studies on the representative stratigraphic geochemistry have already verified the existence of tungsten-bearing formations in the metallogenetic province of South China. Up till now, it has been established that there are tungsten-bearing formations mainly in the Proterozoic erathem, Cambrian, Devonian and Carboniferous systems. All of them are commonly characterized by high tungsten abundance, certain trace elements combination and distribution type although the tungsten contents of the tungsten-bearing formations are different from the tectonic elements and the passage of time. The preliminary concentration of tungsten in the tungsten-bearing formations has laid the foundation for extensive and diverse tungsten mineralizations in South China.     

ON THE AGE OF BADAOWAN FORMATION IN NORTHERN XINJIANG

The Badaowan Formation, as one of the most important coal-bearing formotions in northern Xinjiang, has long been regarded as Jurassic (about 137-195 M. Y.). While it seems, according to the present palynologieal materials, that there is no doubt as to the Triassic age (about 195-230 M. Y.). The palynological assemblage comprises over 23 genera and 30 species, including 2 new genera and 6 new species.     

ADSORPTION OF PHENOL IN NON-AQUEOUS SYSTEM BASED ON HYDROGEN-BONDING

1 INTRODUCTIONHydrogen-bonding adsorbents are functional polymers for adsorption and separation via theformation of hydrogen bond between the adsorbentS and adsorbates. Because hydrogen bond is astrong intermolecular (or intramolecular) force, hydrogen-bonding adsorbents have strong potentto adsorbing adsorbates with which can form hydrogen bond. In our previous work, three seriesof hydrogen-bonding adsorbents have been studied, which were adsorbents with hydrogendonator, adsorbentS with …     

INHIBITIVE ACTION OF INORGANIC COMPOUND ON CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID

The inhibitive action of CaSO_4 towards corrosion of aluminium in 1 mol/L HCl hasbeen inveetigated by using fluorometrio and weight loss techniques.The results show thatthe inhibitor exhibits an outstanding function of inhibition,especially at higher tempe-ratures,and it was found to be predomiantly of cathodic rate control.Ths mechanism ofinhibition and the effect of CdSO_4 on the corrosion kinetics are also discussed.     

EFFECT OF DISPERSION OF MICA IN MATRIX ON YOUNG''''S MODULUS OF MICA FILLED POLYETHYLENE

The correlation between Young's modulus of mica-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene(LDPE) and the state of dispersion of plasma-treated mica in the polymer matrices was studied. The modulus and the number average diameter of mica aggregates in matrix were determined with tensile testing and image analysis respectively. The interface structure of the filler/matrix and the bulk structure of matrix were examined through the dielectric spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic viscoelastic spectrometry. The results show that the Young's modulus of the filial polyethylene depends to a great extent upon the state of dispersion of filler in matrix, but it is independent of the interface structure and bulk structure. The better the dispersion, the higher the Young's modulus.     

STUDIES ON THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF NON-ELECTROLYES IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS Ⅲ. THR EFFECTS OF SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS ON THE SOLUBILITIES OF CAPROIC ACID IN WATER

The solubilities of caproic acid in aqueous solutions of sodium salts of fivefatty acids (C_1 to C_5) have been measured at 25℃. All these salts increase thesolubilities of caproic acid. The reason for salting-in is due to partial displacement of the salt by thecaproic acid producing a new acid. But the new acid may distribute itself betweenthe aqueous salt, solution phase and the caproic acid phase thus rendering the actualsolubilities less than the calculated values.     

THE EFFECT OF ACID TREATMENT ON THE STABILITY OF POLYMORPHS IN BETA ZEOLITE

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STUDIES ON THE PROBLEM OF CONVERGENCE IN SCF ITERATIVE PROCESS OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

The divergence in SCF iterative process of quantum chemistry is the most common source of dif-ficulty for the calculations such as ab initio, INDO, CNDO, etc. We propose a new iterative formula call-ed "Diagonal Shift Formula" (DSF), and give its theoretical ptoOf. ln' Practice. Lundreds of mole-cules, laIge and small, and even the ones with unreasonable structures, have all successfully converged inat most l5 iterative steps. Thus the DSF metkod kas been proved to possess the general convergent capac-ity and fine numerical stability both in mathematics and practice. By CNDO we bave succe'sfully cal-culatcd the largest molecule in China, and the most important biomoIecu1e ATP which was once re-ported never converged. Both molecu1es have converged smoQthly by DSP method.     

STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HONEY-BEE SPIROPLASMA IN CHINA

Spiroplasma has been successfully isolated from the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and cultivated in R-2 medium in China. The isolate, CH-1 is obtained through triple cloning. CH-1 shows a helical morphology and a contractile movement. It is 0.17 μm in diameter and its length varies considerably with different growth periods. CH-1 forms granular-type and/or fried-egg-shaped colonies, 75—210 μm in diameter, on R-2 medium. It grows normally at temperatures ranging 25—35℃ (the optimum being 28—32℃). The optimal pH for growth is 7.0. The best growth occurs in medium containing 0.25 mol/L of sucrose. Under the optimal condition, its growth reaches the stationary phase 48 h after subculture. CH-1 cannot grow in serum-free medium and its growth is inhibited by digitonin. CH-1 can metabolize glucose, fructose, maltose, and trehalose. It can dehydrate arginine, CH-1 does not have an ability to utilize urea, nor dehydrate gelatin, nor reduce methylence blue. The taxonomic position of CH-1 has also been discuss     

FURTHER STUDIES ON EXPANSION OF CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS IN IRREGULAR GRIDS

In this paper a new computation scheme of the expansion of Chebyshev polynomials in irregular grids is proposed. It is an extension of the previous scheme proposed by Zhou. This scheme could adapt itself to complex change of data and is more useful to the weather analysis and forecast than the previous one.     

IN SITU SYNTHESIS OF A-TYPE ZEOLITE MEMBRANE ON ALUMINA SUPPORT

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RESULTS OF AND DISCUSSION ON URANIUM-SERIES COMPARISON PROJECT IN CHINA

The results of a statistical analysis of the Uranium-series Comparison Project in China (USCP) haveshown that a good agreement among the participating laboratories has been achieved and that the analyt-ical techniques applied to dating of carbonate samples are correct. In regard to their consistency, theresults of the USCP in China are none the worse than those of the USIP-Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Some problems ofgreat interest in the field of uranium series disequilibrium geochronology are also discassed in this paper.     

STUDY ON THE LOESS OF MIAODAO ISLANDS IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

Miaodao Islands, lying across the Bohai Gulf between Jiaodong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula.are also called Changshan Islands. They consist of eighteen big and small islands, aligned in NNEdirection. The largest of them is the South Changshan Island, which lies at the southernmost end. Thedistance between South Changshan Island and Penglai County is 7 km, and Miaodao Islands have anarea of 12.75 km~2. Because of the fall of the sea level, Miaodao Islands formed a land bridge linkingJiaodong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula during the Quaternary period, thus playing an importantrole in the development of mankind and exchange of culture (Fig. 1). Miaodao Islands have been in a structural uplift for a long time, and their outlines are controlledby structural lines in NE, NNE, NW and EW directions. Most of the islands are composed of quartzite of Sinian Age. The coast of each island is bordered with cliffs. The quartzite gravels, fine in textureand multicoloured, on the beach are well rounded. The height     

EFFECT OF CATIONS ON PROPERTIES OF ZEOLITE MATERIAL PREPARED IN A NONAQUEOUS SYSTEM

The influence of the type of alkali metal cations on the properties ofzeolite synthesized in a nonaqueous system was studied.The results indicatedthat different cations induced different topological structure of zeolite with thesame composition,and influenced the physicochemical and catalytic propertiesof zeolite in CO hydrogenation to light olefin.KNaZSM-48 and CsNaZSM-48supported iron catalysts had special activity for CO conversion and selectivity toC_2—C_4 olefins(64% and 61% respectively).     

IR STUDIES ON SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF RHODIUM IN HYDROFORMYLATION CATALYSTS

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INHIBITION OF STREPTOMYCIN-DEPENDENT MUTATION IN Escherichia coli ON THE LYTIC GROWTH OF BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA

Spontaneous streptomycin-dependent mutants (Str~DA) were isolared from Escherichia coli C600. OnC600 Str~D, the lytic growth of phage λ Nam and λcI857 was inhibited. After E. coli lysogenic strain1.1485 (λcI857) mutated to Str~DA, induction of λ was decreased greatly. On Str~DA of E. coli strainsC600 and 1.1485 (λcI857), the plating efficiencies and burst sizes of phage T4 and T7 remained nor-mal. Since Str~DA is a mutation in the structural gene for ribosomal protein S12, the results obtained inthe present study suggest that ribosomes of the Str~DA mutants inhibit the Iytic growth of λ phage. The possibility that Str~DA ribosomes inhibit the expression of λ N gene is discussed based on thecomparison of the genetic background of λcI857 and λNam.