Link between a natural centralizer and the smallest essential ideal in structural matrix rings

In a structural matrix ring M_n (ρ R) over an arbitrary ring R we determine the centralizer of the set of matrix units in M_n (ρR) associated with the anti-symmetric part of the reflexive and transitive binary relation ρ on {1,2,…,n}. If the underlying ring R has no proper essential ideal, for example if R is a field, then we show that the largest ideal of M_n (ρR) contained in the mentioned centralizer coincides with the smallest essential ideal of M_n (ρR).     

The eta invariant and equivariant bordism of flat manifolds with cyclic holonomy group of odd prime order

We study the eta invariants of compact flat spin manifolds of dimension n with holonomy group \mathbbZ_p{\mathbb{Z}_p}, where p is an odd prime. We find explicit expressions for the twisted and relative eta invariants and show that the reduced eta invariant is always an integer, except in a single case, when p = n = 3. We use the expressions obtained to show that any such manifold is trivial in the appropriate reduced equivariant spin bordism group.     

Brauer algebras of simply laced type

The diagram algebra introduced by Brauer that describes the centralizer algebra of the n-fold tensor product of the natural representation of an orthogonal Lie group has a presentation by generators and relations that only depends on the path graph A _{n − 1} on n − 1 nodes. Here we describe an algebra depending on an arbitrary graph Q, called the Brauer algebra of type Q, and study its structure in the cases where Q is a Coxeter graph of simply laced spherical type (so its connected components are of type A _{n − 1}, D _n , E₆, E₇, E₈). We find its irreducible representations and its dimension, and show that the algebra is cellular. The algebra is generically semisimple and contains the group algebra of the Coxeter group of type Q as a subalgebra. It is a ring homomorphic image of the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebra of type Q; this fact will be used in later work determining the structure of the Birman-Murakami-Wenzl algebras of simply laced spherical type.     

Semistability of Logarithmic Cotangent Bundle on Some Projective Manifolds

In this article, we investigate the semistability of logarithmic de Rham sheaves on a smooth projective variety (X, D), under suitable conditions. This is related to existence of Kähler–Einstein metric on the open variety. We investigate this problem when the Picard number is one. Fix a normal crossing divisor D on X and consider the logarithmic de Rham sheaf Ω _X (log D) on X. We prove semistability of this sheaf, when the log canonical sheaf K _X  + D is ample or trivial, or when ?K _X  ? D is ample, i.e., when X is a log Fano n-fold of dimension n ≤ 6. We also extend the semistability result for Kawamata coverings, and this gives examples whose Picard number can be greater than one.     

Second Homology Groups and Universal Coverings of Steinberg Leibniz Algebras of Small Characteristic

It is known that the second Leibniz homology group HL ₂ (𝔰𝔱𝔩 _n (R)) of the Steinberg Leibniz algebra 𝔰𝔱𝔩 _n (R) is trivial for n ≥ 5. In this article, we determine HL ₂(𝔰𝔱𝔩 _n (R)) explicitly (which are shown to be not necessarily trivial) for n = 3, 4 without any assumption on the base ring.     

Specht Modules and Simple Modules for Centralizer Algebras of the Symmetric Group

Let Σ_n be the symmetric group on n letters. For l ≤ n identify Σ_l with a subgroup of Σ_n in the natural way. Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p. This article begins to develop a theory for modules over the centralizer algebras kΣ_n^Σ_l that is analogous to James's theory of permutation modules, Specht modules, and simple modules over kΣ_n. We make a conjecture about how to construct all simple kΣ_n^Σ_l-modules, we develop tools to test the conjecture, and we prove that it is correct for all n when l < p.     

A survey on Büchi’s problem: new presentations and open problems

In a commutative ring with a unit, a Büchi sequence is a sequence such that the second difference of the sequence of its squares is the constant sequence (2). Sequences of elements x _n satisfying x _n ² = (x + n)² for some fixed x are Büchi sequences, which we call trivial. Since we want to study sequences whose elements do not belong to certain subrings (e.g., for fields of rational functions F(z) over a field F, we are interested in sequences that are not over F), the concept of trivial sequences may vary. Büchi’s problem for a ring asks whether there exists a positive integer M such that any Büchi sequence of length M or more is trivial.     

Finite time blow-up for the Yang-Mills heat flow in higher dimensions

We consider the -gradient flow associated with the Yang-Mills functional, the so-called Yang-Mills heat flow. In the setting of a trivial principal SO(n)-bundle over in dimension n greater than 4, we show blow-up in finite time for a class of SO(n)-equivariant initial connections. Received November 18, 1999; in final form December 23, 1999 / Published online February 5, 2001     

Angle orders,regular n-gon orders and the crossing number

A finite poset P(X,<) on a set X={ x ₁,...,x _m} is an angle order (regular n-gon order) if the elements of P(X,<) can be mapped into a family of angular regions on the plane (a family of regular polygons with n sides and having parallel sides) such that x _ij if and only if the angular region (regular n-gon) for x _i is contained in the region (regular n-gon) for x _j. In this paper we prove that there are partial orders of dimension 6 with 64 elements which are not angle orders. The smallest partial order previously known not to be an angle order has 198 elements and has dimension 7. We also prove that partial orders of dimension 3 are representable using equilateral triangles with the same orientation. This results does not generalizes to higher dimensions. We will prove that there is a partial order of dimension 4 with 14 elements which is not a regular n-gon order regardless of the value of n. Finally, we prove that partial orders of dimension 3 are regular n-gon orders for n3.This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, grant numbers A0977 and A2415.     

Partitions of finite vector spaces into subspaces

Let V_n(q) denote a vector space of dimension n over the field with q elements. A set of subspaces of V_n(q) is a partition of V_n(q) if every nonzero element of V_n(q) is contained in exactly one element of . Suppose there exists a partition of V_n(q) into x_i subspaces of dimension n_i, 1 ≤ i ≤ k. Then x₁, …, x_k satisfy the Diophantine equation . However, not every solution of the Diophantine equation corresponds to a partition of V_n(q). In this article, we show that there exists a partition of V_n(2) into x subspaces of dimension 3 and y subspaces of dimension 2 if and only if 7x + 3y = 2ⁿ ? 1 and y ≠ 1. In doing so, we introduce techniques useful in constructing further partitions. We also show that partitions of V_n(q) induce uniformly resolvable designs on qⁿ points. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 329–341, 2008     

Counting Hyperbolic Manifolds with Bounded Diameter

Let ρ _n (V) be the number of complete hyperbolic manifolds of dimension n with volume less than V . Burger et al [Geom. Funct. Anal. 12(6) (2002), 1161–1173.] showed that when n ≥ 4 there exist a, b > 0 depending on the dimension such that aV log V ≤ log ρ _n (V) ≤ bV log V, for V ≫ 0. In this note, we use their methods to bound the number of hyperbolic manifolds with diameter less than d and show that the number grows double-exponentially with volume. Additionally, this bound holds in dimension 3.     

Mackey and Frobenius Structures on Odd Dimensional Surgery Obstruction Groups

C. T. C. Wall formulated surgery-obstruction groups L _n (Z[G]) in terms of quadratic modules and automorphisms. C. B. Thomas showed that the Wall-group functors L _n (Z[–],w|_–) are modules over the Hermitian-representation-ring functor G₁(Z, –) if the orientation homomorphism w is trivial. A. Bak generalized the notion of quadratic module by introducing quadratic-form parameters, and obtained various K-groups related to quadratic modules and automorphisms. One of the authors established that some Bak groups W _n (Z[G], w) are equivariant-surgery-obstruction groups and showed in the case of even dimension n that the Bak-group functor W _n (Z)[–], _–; w|_–) is a w-Mackey functor as well as a module over the Grothendieck–Witt-ring functor GW₀(Z, –), where w is possibly nontrivial. In this paper, we prove the same facts in the case of odd dimension n.     

D4型量子包络代数的Gelfand-Kirillov维数

本文研究了D₄ 型量子包络代数的Gelfand-Kirillov 维数的计算问题. 利用文献[1] 中给出的Gelfand-Kirillov 维数的计算方法和文献[2] 中给出的D₄ 型量子包络代数的Groebner-Shirshov 基计算了D₄型量子包络代数的Gelfand-Kirillov 维数, 得到的主要结果是D₄ 型量子包络代数的Gelfand-Kirillov 维数为28. 希望此结果为计算D_n型量子包络代数的Gelfand-Kirillov 维数提供一些思路.     

On Two Families of Hopf Algebras of Dimension 2 m

Abstract

In this paper we construct two families of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 2 ⁿ⁺¹, n ≥ 3. They are all constructed as Radford's biproducts. For these examples and their duals we compute their grouplike elements, centers, character algebras and Grothendieck rings. Comparing these facts we are able to show that depending on the dimension, representatives of one of the families are selfdual. We also prove that Hopf algebras from these families are neither triangular nor cotriangular and that their cocycle deformations are trivial.     

On Krull and Valuative Dimension of Tensor Products of Algebras

This article is concerned with the dimension theory of tensor products of algebras over a field k. In fact, we provide formulas for the Krull and valuative dimension of A? _k B when A and B are k-algebras such that the polynomial ring A[n] is an AF-domain for some positive integer n. Also, we compute dim _v (A? _k B) in the case where A ? B.     

Asymptotic behaviour of equicoercive diffusion energies in dimension two

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behaviour of a given equicoercive sequence of diffusion energies F _n , , defined in L ²(Ω), for a bounded open subset Ω of . We prove that, contrary to the dimension three (or greater), the Γ-limit of any convergent subsequence of F _n is still a diffusion energy. We also provide an explicit representation formula of the Γ-limit when its domains contains the regular functions with compact support in Ω. This compactness result is based on the uniform convergence satisfied by some minimizers of the equicoercive sequence F _n , which is specific to the dimension two. The compactness result is applied to the period framework, when the energy density is a highly oscillating sequence of equicoercive matrix-valued functions. So, we give a definitive answer to the question of the asymptotic behaviour of periodic conduction problems under the only assumption of equicoerciveness for the two-dimensional conductivity.     

On the notion of essential dimension for algebraic groups

We introduce and study the notion of essential dimension for linear algebraic groups defined over an algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero. The essential dimension is a numerical invariant of the group; it is often equal to the minimal number of independent parameters required to describe all algebraic objects of a certain type. For example, if our groupG isS _n , these objects are field extensions; ifG=O _n , they are quadratic forms; ifG=PGL _n , they are division algebras (all of degreen); ifG=G ₂, they are octonion algebras; ifG=F ₄, they are exceptional Jordan algebras. We develop a general theory, then compute or estimate the essential dimension for a number of specific groups, including all of the above-mentioned examples. In the last section we give an exposition of results, communicated to us by J.-P. Serre, relating essential dimension to Galois cohomology.Partially supported by NSA grant MDA904-9610022 and NSF grant DMS-9801675     

FINITELY GENERATED MODULES AND POWER STABLY FREE DIMENSION

In this paper, we define the power stably free dimension for rings. Using its relations with other dimensions, we get a classification of rings. Moreover, we give the equivalent characterizations of a ring with power stably free dimension 0, 1 respectively.

For a commutative ring R in which each f. g. module has a finite power stably free dimension, we show that R[x ₁, …, x_n ] is connected and all f. g. projective modules over R[x ₁, …, x_n ] are power free.