Bi2Mn0.1V0.9O5.35-δ薄膜的制备与性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3和Mn(CH3COO)2· 4H2O为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法在LaNiO3(LNO)/Si(100)衬底上制备了Bi2 Mn0.1 V0.9O5.35-δ (BIMNVOX.10)薄膜,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了薄膜的晶体结构和形...     

Al-Y共掺杂对ZnO纳米棒形成及光催化活性的影响

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Al(NO3)3·9H2O,Y(NO3)3·6H2O和Na OH为原料,采用溶液法制备了Al-Y共掺杂Zn O光催化剂(Al-Y/Zn O),并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)考察了Al,Y共掺杂对Zn O纳米棒形成及形貌的影响。结果表明,Al-Y共掺杂对Zn O晶粒大小基本没有影响,但会严重抑制Zn O纳米棒的生成,促使碱式硝酸锌(Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O)的生成。以甲基橙(MO)为模型污染物考察了Al-Y共掺杂对Zn O纳米棒光催化活性的影响。结果发现,适量的Al-Y共掺杂会显著提高Zn O纳米棒的光催化活性。     

Bi2Ti2O7薄膜的自组装法制备及表征

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,采用自组装单层膜技术,在负载有功能化三氯十八烷基硅烷(octadecyl-trichloro-silane,OTS)的FTO基板上制备了Bi2Ti2O7薄膜。基板表面的亲水性测试表明,紫外照射使OTS自组装单层膜表面由疏水转变为亲水,实现功能化。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析分别对Bi2Ti2O7薄膜的组成、结构和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,沉积溶液浓度为0.02 mol·L-1时,所得Bi2Ti2O7薄膜均匀致密。560℃热处理1 h、厚度为0.4μm的Bi2Ti2O7薄膜在100 kHz的介电常数为153,介电损耗为0.089。     

Cu网负载CeO2-TiO2微纳米复合材料（CeO2-TiO2）/Cu的水热制备与性能

以Cu网为载体,Ti(OBu)4和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,Na3PO4·12H2O为矿化剂,采用一步水热法制备了多种不同形貌的Cu网负载CeO2-TiO2微纳米复合材料(CeO2-TiO2)/Cu.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射分光光度计(UV-Vis DRS)对材料的形貌、结构及光吸收特性进行了表征,通过测试接触角表征了材料的浸润性.以20μmol/L亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为目标降解物,测试了材料在可见光照射下的催化性能.结果表明,制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型,CeO2为方铈矿型;CeO2晶体比TiO2晶体更易负载于Cu网;改变制备过程中Ce(NO3)3·6H2O的用量、Na3PO4·12H2O浓度、水热反应时间及温度可实现(CeO2-TiO2)/Cu的形貌调控;(CeO2-TiO2)/Cu显示出超亲水性及可见光催化活性.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoO3纳米材料

以La(NO3)3·6H2O, Sr(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料, 用EDTA作为胶溶剂, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoO3纳米粉体. 利用TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, TEM等技术手段对凝胶制备过程、热分解机制、粉体形貌进行了研究, 并探讨了最佳的煅烧温度. 研究结果表明, 溶胶-凝胶法可以制得均一钙钛矿结构的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3氧化物, 最佳热处理温度为700 ℃, 粒径约为20 nm.     

pH值对Bi_2MoO_6晶体形貌和可见光催化性能的影响

以(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O和Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,采用普通水热法制备Bi2Mo O6光催化剂,研究p H值对制备该光催化剂的影响。对所制备的系列样品,采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积分析仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)进行表征。结果表明:p H值对Bi2Mo O6晶体的物相组成、形貌和光催化性能均有显著影响。p H值为1~7时,所制备的样品为纯相Bi2Mo O6,p H值为9或11时,出现第二相Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55;随着p H值的升高,形貌依次为纳米棒、纳米片和无规则纳米颗粒。在可见光(λ≥420 nm)照射下,通过光催化降解罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,Rh B),探讨了制备Bi2Mo O6的p H值对其可见光催化活性的影响。当p H=7时,制备的样品光催化效果最好,光照50 min后对初始浓度为5 mg·L-1的罗丹明B溶液的降解率为85%。     

水滑石焙烧产物对弱酸艳红B吸附特性研究

以Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和AL(NO3)3 - 9H2O为原料,NaOH、NaCO溶液作混合沉淀剂,采用水热法可制得结晶度很高的、具有规整的层状结构水滑石.水滑石经500℃焙烧可使其结构完全被破坏得对应的焙烧产物,该焙烧产物对弱酸艳红B染料有很强的吸附能力.在200 mL 100 mg/L弱酸艳红B溶液中,加入40...     

铋杂对Ce-Zr固溶体储氧性能稳定性的影响

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,双氧水为氧化剂,在pH值为9.5～10.5条件下,采用氧化共沉淀法制备了不同比例组成的复合氧化物Ce1-x-yZrxBiyOσ.通过XRD,BET和Raman表征可知,该法制备的样品550 ℃焙烧后均可形成固溶体,当x0.15,y0.2时,高温焙烧后易分相.H2-TPR和CO脉冲测试结果显示Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ较易被还原,且1050℃焙烧4 h后储氧量仍可达625 μmol·(g cat)-1,这是由于Bi3+取代了Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ中部分Ce4+和Zr4+形成氧空位,增强了体相晶格氧的移动性,从而使Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ固溶体中的Ce4+和Bi3+同时被还原.     

稀土镧掺杂MnO2电极的制备及性能研究

以Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O为原料,利用直流电沉积法合成MnO2电极材料,在制备过程中向溶液中添加h(NO3)3·6H2O对MnO2电极进行改性.分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子吸收方法分析了电极的结构、形貌以及组成.通过BET分析,发现掺La后MnO2的比表面积明显增大.采用循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电技术测试了MnO2的电化学性能.结果表明,MnO2比容量为198.72 F·g-1,掺La后MnO2的电化学性能显著改善,其比容量为276.60 F·g-1.     

一维Bi_2Fe_4O_9纳米棒阵列的无模板水热合成

以物质的量的比为1∶1的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为反应原料,以NaOH为矿化剂,利用水热法在Ti基板上成功制备出一维Bi2Fe4O9纳米棒阵列。对该纳米棒阵列分别进行XRD、FE-SEM、HR-TEM和UV-Vis测试,得到Bi2Fe4O9纳米棒的直径为100 nm,长度为3~4μm,并表现出良好的光吸收性能,禁带宽度约为1.9 eV,对甲基紫溶液的光降解率达到86%,其活性明显高于市售P25(TiO2)。该纳米棒阵列的生长方式完全遵循奥斯瓦尔德熟化(Ostwald ripening)单晶生长机理。     

2-氨基-4-苯基-硒唑Ni（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）配合物的合成与表征

合成了2-氨基-4-苯基-硒唑（L）配体与过渡金属镍（Ⅱ）、铜（Ⅱ）的配合物Ni（L）（NO3）2（1）和Cu（L）（Ac）2·H2O（2）．用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外一可见光谱、核磁共振和热重分析进行了表征;确定了配合物的组成并推断了它们的结构。     

Methanation of syngas over coral reef-like Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts

Coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation of nickel acetate and aluminium nitrate with sodium carbonate aqueous solution in the medium of ethylene glycolye.Methanation of syngas was carried out over coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in a continuous flow type fixed-bed reactor.The structure and properties of the fresh and used catalysts were studied by SEM,N2 adsorption-desorption,XRD,H2-TPR,O2-TPO,TG and ICP-AES techniques.The results showed that the coral reef-like Ni/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited better activity than the conventional Ni/Al2O3-H2O catalysts.The activities of coral reef-like catalysts were in the order of Ni/Al2O3-673>Ni/Al2O3-573>Ni/Al2O3- 473>Ni/Al2O3-773.Ni/Al2O3-673-EG catalyst showed not only good activity and improved stability but also superior resistance to carbon deposition,sintering,and Ni loss.Under the reaction conditions of CO/H2(molar ratio)=1:3,593 K,atmospheric pressure and a GHSV of 2500 h-1,CH4 selectivity was 84.7%,and the CO conversion reached 98.2%.     

Ni／MgO／Al2O3催化剂中Ni前体对甲烷—二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

考察了以硝酸镍、氯化镍、硫酸镍、醋酸镍及硝酸六氨合镍5种Ni盐制备的Ni/MgO/Al2O3催化剂在CO2与CH4重整制合成气反应中的催化活性,发现Ni前体对活性有明显的影响,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,反应性较高;以硫酸镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,可能由于硫中毒等原因而显示出很低的活性;以氯化镍为前体制备的 Ni催化剂,其活性与制备方法有关,未经烧而直接还原的催化剂显示出较好的活性,X－射线粉末衍射（XRD）、BET比表面积及反应后的积量测定结果表明,以硝酸镍、醋酸镍、硝酸六氨合镍为前体制备的Ni催化剂,表面分散性好,比表面积大,积炭量少。     

由不同镍盐前体制备高分散Ni/SBA-15催化剂：活化氛围的影响

以硝酸镍和乙酸镍为镍前体,用浸渍法分别在空气和氢气氛围活化制得系列Ni/SBA-15催化剂,通过XRD、H₂-TPD、N₂物理吸附和在线质谱等物理化学手段对催化剂进行了表征,并结合微型高压反应釜萘加氢反应,评价了催化剂的加氢性能。结果表明,氢气氛围活化对硝酸镍为镍前体所制Ni/SBA-15催化剂的镍分散度和活性有显著促进作用,而空气氛围活化对乙酸镍为镍前体所制催化剂有明显促进作用。根据催化剂前体在不同氛围活化时的热分解产物,提出了活化氛围对不同镍前体制得Ni/SBA-15催化剂所产生的作用机理。     

Preparation and Characterization of Uniform Needle-like Particles of Nickel Basic Sulfate

Needle-like particles (maximum length, approximately 2 μm) of nickel basic sulfate (Ni(OH)(1.4)(SO(4))(0.3)) were prepared by forced hydrolysis at 100 degrees C for 2 days of aqueous solutions containing nickel(II) nitrate, nickel(II) sulfate, and sodium acetate in the appropriated concentrations. The needles were characterized in terms of their composition, crystal structure, and electrokinetic behavior. Their structural and compositional evolutions with temperature were also studied. It was found that a dehydroxylation process took place on heating at 500 degrees C after which the particles consisted of a mixture of crystalline NiO and an amorphous nickel sulfate. This compound decomposed at a higher temperature (800 degrees C) yielding NiO. The particles lost the needle-like shape after calcination at 500 degrees C. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Effect of cobalt precursors on the dispersion, reduction, and CO oxidation of CoO(x)/γ-Al2O3 catalysts calcined in N2

The present work tentatively investigated the effect of cobalt precursors (cobalt acetate and cobalt nitrate) on the physicochemical properties of CoO(x)/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts calcined in N(2). XRD, Raman, XPS, FTIR, and UV-vis DRS results suggested that CoO/γ-Al(2)O(3) was obtained from cobalt acetate precursors and CoO was dispersed on γ-Al(2)O(3) below its dispersion capacity of 1.50 mmol/(100 m(2) γ-Al(2)O(3)), whereas Co(3)O(4)/γ-Al(2)O(3) was obtained from cobalt nitrate precursors and Co(3)O(4) preferred to agglomerate above the dispersion capacity of 0.15 mmol/(100m(2) γ-Al(2)O(3)). Compared with Co(3)O(4)/γ-Al(2)O(3), CoO/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts were difficult to be reduced and easy to desorb oxygen species at low temperatures and presented high activities for CO oxidation as proved by H(2)-TPR, O(2)-TPD, and CO oxidation model reaction results. A surface incorporation model was proposed to explain the dispersion and reduction properties of CoO/γ-Al(2)O(3) catalysts.     

硫化态三组元NiMoP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的TPR表征及噻吩HDS活性的研究

A series of sulfided tertiary NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different contents of MoO3 were prepared by using molybdophosphoric acid of Keggin structure(H3PMo12O40) and nickel nitrate as origins of active phase components of molybdenum, phosphorus and nickel, and characterized by TPR technique, with their HDS activity being investigated with thiophene as a model substrate. For the sulfided Mo-0 catalyst containing no nickel as promoter, the only hydrogen sulfide evolution peak Ⅰ　is observed at 462 K and attributed to the hydrogenation of the so-called edge sulfur atoms chemisorbed on coordinatively unsaturated(cus) Mox+ sites on the MoS2 phase(MoS2 slab). With the introduction of nickel into the active phase of the sulfided Mo-0 catalyst and with the increase of the molybdenum loading, a new hydrogen sulfide evolution peak Ⅱ gradually develops at the low temperature side of the peak Ⅰ, at the same time accompanied by both the increase of the area ratio of the peak Ⅱ to the peak Ⅰ and the shift of the hydrogen sulfide evolution maximum rate to lower temperatures, which may imply the existence of two kinds of active centers related to molybdenum and nickel respectively and the synergic action between the two centers above. It should be noted that for the sulfided NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, the thiophene HDS rate and the quantity of hydrogen sulfide evolved during TPR process increase monotonously with the atomic ratio of molybdenum to nickel in the form of ［n(Ni)+n(Mo)］/n(Ni). On the basis of the results here, the conclusion may be reached that the two kinds of vacancies can be formed on the edge of Ni-Mo-S slab due to the loss of S during TPR process and vacancies or sites related to the H2S evolution peak II should be regarded as the mainly active reaction centers of thiophene HDS.     

Metal- and ligand-directed one-pot syntheses,crystal structures,and properties of novel oxo-centered tetra- and hexametallic clusters

Starting from closely related metal-ligand combinations, completely different oligomeric metal clusters are synthesized. Whereas, picoline-tetrazolylamide HL(1) (1) and zinc or nickel acetate afforded [2x2] grids [M(4)(L(1))(8)] (2), slightly different N-(2-methylthiazole-5-yl)-thiazole-2-carboxamide HL(2) (5 a) and nickel acetate yielded the monometallic complex [Ni(L(2))(2)(OH(2))(2)] (6). In contrast, reaction of 5 a with zinc acetate produced the tetrametallic zinc cluster [Zn(4)O(L(2))(4)(OAc)(2)] (7). Even more surprising, when 3-methyl-substituted HL(3) (5 b) instead of 2-methyl-substituted HL(2) (5 a) was allowed to react under identical conditions with zinc acetate, the cluster [Zn(4)O(L(3))(4)Cl(2)] (8) crystallized from dichloromethane. Clusters 7 and 8 are isostructural. As for 7, in 8 two of the edges of the tetrahedron of zinc ions are doubly bridged, two are singly bridged, and the other two are nonbridged. On the other hand, when iron(II) acetate under aerobic conditions was allowed to react with 5 a, the unprecedented complex [[Fe(3)O(L(2))(2)(OAc)(4)](2)O] (9) was isolated. Cluster 9 is composed of two trimetallic, triangular mu(3)-O(2-)-centered [Fe(3)O(L(2))(2)(OAc)(4)](+) modules, linked by an almost linear mu(2)-O(2-) bridge. The M?ssbauer spectrum together with cyclic voltammetric and square-wave voltammetric measurements of 9 are reported, and 6-9 were characterized unequivocally by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses.     

Intrinsic hydration of monopositive uranyl hydroxide,nitrate, and acetate cations

The intrinsic hydration of three monopositive uranyl-anion complexes (UO(2)A)(+) (where A = acetate, nitrate, or hydroxide) was investigated using ion-trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS). The relative rates for the formation of the monohydrates [(UO(2)A)(H(2)O)](+), with respect to the anion, followed the trend: Acetate > or = nitrate > hydroxide. This finding was rationalized in terms of the donation of electron density by the strongly basic OH(-) to the uranyl metal center, thereby reducing the Lewis acidity of U and its propensity to react with incoming nucleophiles, viz., H(2)O. An alternative explanation is that the more complex acetate and nitrate anions provide increased degrees of freedom that could accommodate excess energy from the hydration reaction. The monohydrates also reacted with water, forming dihydrates and then trihydrates. The rates for formation of the nitrate and acetate dihydrates [(UO(2)A)(H(2)O)(2)](+) were very similar to the rates for formation of the monohydrates; the presence of the first H(2)O ligand had no influence on the addition of the second. In contrast, formation of the [(UO(2)OH)(H(2)O)(2)](+) was nearly three times faster than the formation of the monohydrate.     

镍前驱体对非负载型镍催化剂上甲烷分解活性的影响

 分别以硝酸镍和乙酸镍为前驱体, 采用沉淀法制备了非负载型 Ni 催化剂, 运用 X 射线衍射、H2-程序升温还原及 CH4 程序升温表面反应对催化剂进行了表征, 并考察了 Ni 催化剂上 CH4 分解反应活性. 结果表明, 以乙酸镍为前驱体制得的 NiO 样品粒子尺寸较小, 较易被还原, 还原后得到的催化剂催化 CH4 分解活性和稳定性较高; 而以硝酸镍为前驱体制得的 NiO 样品粒子尺寸较大, 较难被还原, 还原后催化剂上 CH4 分解活性和稳定性较低. 制备过程中乙酸镍与溶剂乙二醇所形成的配合物是获得尺寸较小 NiO 样品的关键.