吡咯烷酮酸性离子液体中硼酸酯的催化合成

研究了硼酸与频哪醇和环己醇在离子液体1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐（[Hnmp]HSO4）、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[Bmim]BF4）及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim]PF6)中生成2-环己氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼烷的酯化反应。 考察了不同离子液体、反应温度、反应时间和离子液体与反应物物质的量比等对反应的影响。 结果表明,当n(硼酸)∶n(频哪醇)∶n(环己醇)∶n([Hnmp]HSO4)=1∶1∶1∶1,反应温度为70 ℃和反应时间为4 h时,硼酸酯的产率为72.5%,离子液体重复使用4次,催化活性无明显降低。     

新型异核双阳离子型磺酸功能化离子液体的合成及其催化活性

合成了三种基于1-吗啉基-3-咪唑基丙烷异核双阳离子的新型二磺酸功能化BrΦsted酸性离子液体:1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二(三氟甲烷磺酸)盐{A,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(OTf)2}、1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二硫酸氢盐{B,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(HSO4)2}及1-[4-(4-磺酸丁基)吗啉基-3-[3-(4-磺酸丁基)咪唑基]丙烷二磷酸二氢盐{C,[(C4SO3H)m(C4SO3H)i]p(H2PO4)2}.其结构经FT-IR、MS、NMR等确认.选择吗啉、甲基咪唑单磺酸功能化离子液体作为对照组,以苯甲醛与环己酮之间的交叉Aldol缩合反应考察了其催化活性.用Hammett方法测定了其酸性,实验结果表明,所合成的三种双磺酸功能化离子液体的催化能力比单磺酸功能化离子液体的强,其酸性次序与催化活性相一致.其中,阴离子为三氟甲烷磺酸根的离子液体对18种Aldol缩合反应底物有极好的适应性,并且催化活性最强,产率高达90%,在重复使用10次后,仍保持较高的反应活性.关键词二磺酸功能化离子液体;合成;催化活性;Hammett方法;交叉Aldol缩合反应;重复使用     

吡咯烷酮酸性离子液体的合成及其对酯化反应的催化活性

合成并表征了 2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnhp]HSO4)、 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnmp]HSO4)、 1-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([Hmim]HSO4)、 1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)和1-(3-磺酸基)-丙基-2-吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)等以HSO-4为阴离子的质子酸离子液体,并以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应考察了这些离子液体的催化活性.结果表明,当n(n-BuOH):n(MeCO2H):n([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4)=1.2:1:0.005,反应温度为120 ℃和反应时间为 1 h 时,酯收率可达99%以上;反应结束后离子液体与酯产物可分成两相,而且该离子液体重复使用8次,催化活性没有明显下降.探讨了阳离子结构及Brnsted酸性对催化活性的影响,考察了离子液体与酯化反应相关组分的互溶性.结果表明,离子液体的分相性能对催化效果有较大的影响,离子液体的催化活性与其酸性、溶解性密切相关.     

咪唑类酸性离子液体在Beckmann重排中的应用

以N-甲基咪唑和1,4-丁烷磺内酯反应制得1-甲基-3-磺酸丁基咪唑内盐（MBsIm）; MBsIm分别与H₂SO₄、 CF₃SO₃H和CF₃COOH反应合成了3种咪唑类酸性离子液体：1-甲基-3-磺酸丁基咪唑三氟甲烷磺酸盐（[MBsIm][OTf]）、 1-甲基-3-磺酸丁基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[MBsIm][HSO₄]）和1-甲基-3-磺酸丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐（[MBsIm][CF₃COO]）,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证。并考察了其在液相Beckmann重排反应中的催化作用。结果表明：[MBsIm][OTf]Z-nCl₂体系的选择性和收率达99％以上,重复使用3次后,转化率维持在90%以上。     

Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化合成长链脂肪酸甲酯

本文合成了以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑为阳离子,HSO4-、H2PO4-和BF4-为阴离子的Brφnsted酸性离子液体,并以长链脂肪酸与甲醇的酯化反应考察了这些Brφnsted酸性离子液体的催化性能。实验结果表明,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根鎓盐([bmim][HSO4])离子液体具有很高的催化活性,当n(醇)∶n(酸)∶n(离子液体)=6∶1∶0.25,反应温度为70℃,不分水酯化反应2h,长链脂肪酸甲酯的产率可达到93.4%以上,选择性达到100%;且产物酯与离子液体分离容易;离子液体经干燥处理后可以循环使用5次以上,催化活性没有明显降低。     

酸性离子液体的合成和光谱表征

合成了基于N-甲基咪唑、2-吡咯烷酮阳离子的两个Br nsted酸性离子液体系列:[Hmim]HSO4/BF4、[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4以及两种—SO3H功能化酸性离子液体1-(3-磺酸基)丙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C3SO3Hmim]HSO4)、N-(3-磺酸基)丙基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4)。其中,[Hnhp]HSO4/BF4,[C4SO4Hnnp]HSO4是本实验设计合成的新型酸性离子液体,而咪唑类离子液体用于对照。上述6种离子液体均以核磁共振、电喷雾质谱、红外光谱和紫外光谱分析法对结构加以表征并确认;并以它们作为溶剂和催化剂对乙酸、乙醇酯化反应进行初步试验,结果表明所合成的新型酸性离子液体(尤其是引入磺酸基的)是酯化反应较理想的绿色液体酸催化剂。     

磺酸功能化双核离子液体催化合成双酚F

合成并表征了4种具有Brnsted酸性的磺酸功能化咪唑类离子液体催化剂,考察了其在催化苯酚、甲醛合成双酚F反应中的催化活性.结果表明磺酸功能化双核离子液体双-(3-磺酸丙基-1-咪唑)亚丁基硫酸氢盐([DPSIM][HSO4]2)不仅催化活性最佳,还提高了4,4’-双酚F异构体的含量.以[DPSIM][HSO4]2为催化剂,在苯酚与甲醛摩尔比30∶1、离子液体催化剂质量浓度6.8%、反应温度90℃、反应时间60 min的优化条件下,双酚F收率可达94.1%,同时提出了其催化合成双酚F的反应机理.该离子液体催化剂腐蚀性低,易分离回收,在重复使用6次后,双酚F收率仍在70%以上.     

2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮在Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体中的微波合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为起始原料,合成了二种新型Br(o)nsted酸性功能化离子液体:1-(4-磺酸基)苄基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根盐(3a),N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐(3b),以其作为反应介质与催化剂,研究了2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的三组分、一锅法微波合成.结果表明,当n(2-氨基苯甲酸):n(酰氯):n(乙酸铵):n(3a或3b)=1:1.2:1.5:0.1时,反应6 min即可完成,产率81%～95%.离子液体经减压蒸馏、真空干燥可重复使用3次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮在BrФnsted酸性功能化离子液体中的微波合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶为起始原料,合成了二种新型BrФnsted酸性功能化离子液体:1-(4-磺酸基)苄基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢根盐(3a),N-(4-磺酸基)苄基吡啶硫酸氢根盐(3b),以其作为反应介质与催化剂,研究了2-取代-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮的三组分、一锅法微波合成.结果表明,当n(2-氨基苯甲酸):n(酰氯):n(乙酸铵):n(3a或3b)=1:1.2:1.5:0.1时,反应6min即可完成,产率81%～95%.离子液体经减压蒸馏、真空干燥可重复使用3次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

微波促进酸性离子液体催化水杨酸酯化

用自制的硫酸氢1-甲基-3-(3-磺酸基丙基)咪唑([MIMPS]HSO4)酸性离子液体作为水杨酸与醇的酯化反应催化剂,考察了温度、时间、物料配比和离子液体用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,优化的最佳反应条件为: 微波辐射时间20 min,反应温度95 ℃,醇与酸摩尔比3∶1(水杨酸的量为0.02 mol),[MIMPS]HSO4用量10 mmol,水杨酸甲酯的产率和选择性分别为91.9%和99.0%。 离子液体回收循环使用4次,催化效率不变。 与热催化酯化反应相比,微波辐射可缩短反应时间;水杨酸与不同碳链醇的酯化产率随着碳链的增加而降低,同碳链的伯醇酯化率比仲醇高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.