全氟烷基磺酸盐和全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐的多相化催化研究

传统的Lewis酸催化剂在环境的压力下受到挑战,全氟烷基磺酸盐和全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐作为均相、高效的Lewis酸催化剂在有机合成中受到人们的关注.为了简化分离操作,人们对全氟烷基磺酸盐和全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐的多相化进行了研究,并已取得巨大进展.本文综述了全氟烷基磺酸盐和全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐分别负载在有机载体、无机载体以及离子液体上的多相化催化最新研究进展,简要概括了其制备方法和催化活性,并对其催化应用前景进行了展望.     

全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐催化芳香化合物硝化反应的研究

利用系列全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐[M(NPf₂)_n]作为一种新型的Lewis酸催化剂，用于催化芳香化合物与等摩尔65% (m∶m)硝酸的硝化反应. 通过考察不同的催化剂、反应时间、反应温度和反应介质效应等因素对甲苯硝化的影响，以及比较1 mol% Yb[N(C₄F₉SO₂)₂]₃催化不同结构的取代芳烃硝化反应的效果，表明全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐不仅具有环境友好和原子经济的特点，而且是一类比常规Lewis酸更有效的、芳香化合物硝化反应的催化剂.     

全氟烷基磺酰亚胺配合物及其催化应用

介绍了全氟烷基磺酰亚胺(PFSI)配合物的结构、性质及制备,综述了一些全氟烷基磺酰亚胺配合物作为Lewis酸催化剂的最新应用进展,并对其催化应用前景进行了展望.     

二氧化硅负载全氟丁基磺酰亚胺的制备与耐水性研究

酸官能团C4F9SO2NHSO2-通过两步溶胶-凝胶法,链接到SiO2载体上,制备得到一种新型的有机-无机杂化固体酸(PSFSI-MSMA15/SiO2).反应以对苯乙烯磺酰基全氟丁基磺酰亚胺钠(1)为原料,与3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MSMA)共聚形成预聚体(2),2与原硅酸四乙酯水解缩合,获得PSFSI-MSMA15/SiO2,负载的酸官能团通过FT-IR,TG/DTG及XPS表征,酸负载量约0.62 mmol/g,热稳定性可达到210℃.实验结果表明,酸组分在水体系中稳定,是一种耐水性强酸.催化性能及可循环性在进一步研究中.     

全氟烷基磺酰碘的化学

报导了全氟烷基亚磺酸银与碘之间在二氯甲烷中的低温反应(-30℃). 生成相应的全氟烷基磺酰碘. 并用^1^9F NMR证实其结构, 磺酰碘与各种稀烃反应则可产生二种系列的加成物RfSO2CH2CHIR和RfCH2CHIR.     

全氟磺酰氟树脂热裂解的研究

全氟磺酰氟树脂是四氟乙烯和全氟3,6-二氧杂、4-甲基、7-辛烯磺酰氟(1)的共聚物(2):     

微波辐射下Zr(SO4)2·4H2O/SiO2催化合成芳香磺酰亚胺

微波辐射无溶剂条件下,以Zr(sO4)2·4H2O/SiO2固体酸为催化剂,芳香醛与芳香磺酰胺反应合成了一系列芳香磺酰亚胺化合物.此方法具有操作简便,催化剂价廉易得、活性高、可回收重复使用、对环境友好等优点.     

季铵盐型离子液体中全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐催化的芳烃硝化反应

全氟烷基磺酰亚胺盐与季铵型离子液体（Cu(N(C4F9SO2)2)2/[N4446][NTf2] 或 In(NTf2)3/[N4446][NTf2]）组成的新催化体系,可以很好的催化芳香族化合物的硝化反应。以氯苯的硝化为例,用硝酸和醋酸酐混合物为硝化试剂,在2mol%的Cu(N(C4F9SO2)2)2或In(NTf2)3催化剂催化下,室温下反应10分钟,氯苯的转化率就可分别达到87.6% 和 90.6%,反应产物的邻/对位比为4.3和4.8。并且这种催化剂与离子液体组成的催化体系很容易被回收,并可以连续使用5次以上。     

全氟烷基磺酰卤化学

本文介绍了全氟烷基磺酰卤化学的现状和进展,并对全氟烷基磺酰氟、磺酰氯、磺酰溴、磺酰碘的制备,特性,反应性及应用作了比较与论述,得到了一定的规律性。     

全氟烷基膦酸锂电解液的制备与性能研究

选取氯代二异丙基膦(C6H14PCl)为原料, 利用电化学氟化方法, 得到全氟烷基膦酸[(C3F7)2PF3], (C3F7)2PF3与氟化锂(LiF)反应得到全氟烷基膦酸锂(Li[(C3F7)2PF4]), 将其溶于碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)质量比为1∶1的混合溶剂中得到电解液, 考察电解液的电导率、抗水性及氧化分解电位. 以LiCoO2为正极, 锂片为负极组装两电极模拟电池体系, 测试得到电池的放电平台为3.7 V; 电池的首次放电比容量为107 mA•h•g－1; 当循环放电40次后, 容量衰减较快, 电池循环50周后, 效率仍保持102%. 交流阻抗图谱表明电解液放电时的阻抗约为140 Ω. 研究结果表明, 全氟烷基膦酸锂有望成为新型锂离子二次电池的电解质盐.     

Dilithium bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]diimide salts as electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries

A series of four different dilithium salts of structure F₃CSO₂N(Li)SO₂-(CF₂)_x-SO₂N(Li)SO₂CF₃, with x = 2, 4, 6, 8 were synthesized and characterized in polyethylene-oxide-based solid polymer electrolytes. Each salt may be thought of as two bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]imide anions linked together by a perfluoroalkyl chain of a particular length. Taken together, this homologous series provides an opportunity to study the effects of linker chain length and degree of fluorination in dianionic (and ultimately polyanionic) salts on the properties, particularly the conductivity, of the salts in various solvating media. SPEs in polyethylene oxide were characterized using scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for SPEs prepared using ethylene-oxide-oxygen-to-lithium (EO:Li) ratios of 10:1 and 30:1. Trends in SPE ionic conductivity with anion structure revealed an unexpected trend whereby ionic conductivity is generally rising with increased length of the perfluoroalkylene linking group in the dianions. This trend could be the result of a decrease in dianion basicity that results in diminished ion pairing and an enhancement in the number of charge carriers with increasing anion fluorine content, thereby increasing ionic conductivity.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel electrolyte based on bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]triimide trianion

The facile preparation and characterization on a novel trisodium salt based on bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]triimide trianion were reported for the first time. High oxidation potential was observed for the new salt in organic solvent. Ionic conductivities of this new salt and other monomeric sodium salts were determined in different organic solvents over a temperature range between 10 and 100 °C.     

Alkylation of Hydroquinone with tert-Butyl Alcohol over Bis[（perfluoroalkyl）sulfonyl]imides Supported on MCM-41

Bis[（perfluoroalkyl）sulfonyl]imides [HN（SO2Rf）2, and Rf represents the perfluorinated alkyl group] supported on MCM-41 were synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA and N2-adsorption techniques. The supported catalysts, HN（SO2Rf）2/MCM-41, were used as the catalysts for the tert-butylafion of hydroquinone （HQ） with tert-butyl alcohol （TBA） in the liquid phase. A high yield （52.0%） of 2-tert-butyl hydroquinone （TBHQ） could be obtained in the presence of 5 tool% HN（SO2C4F9）2/MCM-41 under the optimized reaction conditions and the heterogeneous catalyst could be recycled at least 6 times without substantial loss of activity.     

4-[(1,3-二氧代丁基)氨基]苯甲酸稀土配合物的合成、表征及发光性质

在乙醇体系中,由主配体4-[(1,3-二氧代丁基)氨基]苯甲酸(H2L,C11H11NO4)、稀土硝酸盐及辅助配体邻菲啰啉(phen)反应合成了两个系列8个配合物[Ln2(L)3(H2O)4]n(Ln=Sm(1),Eu(2),Tb(3),Dy(4));[Ln2(NO3)2(L)2(phen)2]n(Ln=Sm(5),Eu(6),Tb(7),Dy(8))。用元素分析、红外光谱、摩尔电导、热重分析进行表征,确定了产物的化学组成,推断了相应的结构。测定了室温时固体产物的激发和发射光谱,结果表明:由主辅配体共同配位的三元配合物的发光强度好于无辅助配体参与的二元配合物。测定了三元配合物的荧光寿命,其中铕和铽配合物显示较长的荧光寿命。     

Thermal and structural studies of two new TlI three-dimensional coordination polymers, [Tl2(μ-CSB)] n and [Tl2(μ-ADC)] n,CSB2− =4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-benzenecarboxylate and ADC2− =acetylendicarboxylate

Two new 3D coordination polymers, [Tl₂(μ₁₀-CSB)] _n (1) [CSB?=?4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1-benzenecarboxylate] and [Tl₂(μ₉-ADC)] _n (2) [ADC?=?acetylendicarboxylate], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. Thermal behavior and structures of 1 and 2 have been studied. Single-crystal X-ray data of 1 show that the thallium atoms have an irregular coordination sphere containing a stereochemically active lone pair with TlO₅ environment. The single-crystal X-ray data of 2 showed that there are two different Tl environments. One Tl is six-coordinate with a weak Tl?···?Tl interaction with a distance of 3.904?Å. The other type of Tl in the TlO₅C₂Tl units is eight-coordinate with one weak Tl?···?Tl and two short Tl?···?C interactions.     

[C3mim][NTf2]/DEC/[Li][NTf2]体系的基础性质

The hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C₃mim][NTf₂]) was synthesized according to traditional methods. By adding different amounts of diethyl carbonate (DEC) solvent and lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([Li][NTf₂]) salt to [C₃mim][NTf₂] IL, eight solution systems were prepared. First, the thermodynamic properties of the eight solution systems were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The semi-stable temperature of the system gradually disappeared with increasing lithium salt content, but the melting point temperature was not apparent in the experiment. These results indicate that DEC and lithium salts can dissolve in ILs within the tested temperature range. The basic properties of the eight systems, including thermodynamic and dynamic properties, were systematically studied at different temperatures. The variation in the self-diffusion coefficient of lithium ion ([Li]⁺) as a function of DEC concentration, density changes, viscosity, conductivity, and the viscosity/conductivity activation energy of the eight systems was calculated by the Vogel Fulcher Taman (VFT), Final Vogel Fulcher Taman (FVFT), and Arrhenius equations. The effect of temperature on the properties of the system was studied in detail. Within the temperature range measured herein, the deviation between the fitting equation and experimental value was small. Consequently, these equations were successfully used to calculate the properties of the system at various temperatures. All fitting parameters of the corresponding equations are provided herein. The viscosity for all systems decreased rapidly with increasing temperature, which increased the conductivity. Based on these experiments, the influence of DEC on the system microstructure was discussed in the context of the molecular dynamics simulation results. In particular, the interaction between [Li]⁺ and [NTf₂]^-/DEC was examined. In all solution systems, [NTf₂]^- coordinates to [Li]⁺ through only the O atom and not the N atom. Radial distribution function (RDF) analysis showed that the interaction between [Li]⁺ and [NTf₂]^- weakened with increasing DEC concentration. DEC molecules were observed in the first solvation layer of [Li]⁺ coordinating to [Li]⁺ through the carbonyl O atom. Although the interaction between [Li]⁺ and DEC was weakened, competition between [NTf₂]^- and DEC in the first solvation layer of [Li]⁺ was observed by the coordination number analysis of the O atom around [Li]⁺. Therefore, the introduction of DEC is beneficial for Li⁺ diffusion, which is consistent with the experimental results.     

以4-[(羧甲基)硫代]-苯甲酸为配体的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、结构以及荧光性质

在混合溶剂热条件下,以4-[(羧甲基)硫代]-苯甲酸(CMTB)为配体合成了[Pb(CMTB)H2O]n(1)和[Cd(CMTB)]n(2)两个配位聚合物,并用X-射线单晶结构分析、电感耦合等离子光谱和红外光谱对其进行了表征。化合物1属于三斜晶系,空间群为P1,晶胞参数为a=0.645 08(13)nm,b=0.847 83(17)nm,c=0.956 30(19)nm,α=90.37(3)°,β=92.75(3)°,γ=106.40(3)°,Z=2;化合物1具有二维层状结构,每1个Pb(Ⅱ)与来自4个配体的5个氧原子以及1个来自水分子的氧原子配位,形成了1个变形八面体的几何构型。化合物2为单斜晶系,空间群是P21,晶胞参数为a=0.786 27(16)nm,b=0.600 55(12)nm,c=1.001 3(2)nm,β=91.14(3)°,Z=2。化合物2是一个二维层状化合物,Cd(Ⅱ)与5个氧原子和1个硫原子配位形成了六配位的八面体构型。同时,我们对两个配合物的荧光性质进行了研究。