微波化学中微波的热与非热效应研究进展

微波作为一种传输介质和加热能源已广泛应用于各学科领域,如食品加工、药物合成、橡胶和塑料固化等,但是对在反应过程中微波的非热效应学术界一直存在争议.本文在微观和宏观两方面详细地阐述了微波化学中的热效应和非热效应作用机理.并具体介绍了微波热效应与非热效应在化学领域的应用实例.     

微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发，简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用。     

微波化学的应用研究进展

对近年来发表在化工和化学及相关领域内公开出版物中微波化学的相关论文进行分析讨论,介绍了微波及其加热机理和国内外微波有机化学、无机化学及其它方向上的研究现状和进展,阐述了数值模拟计算在微波化学中的应用。引用参考文献46篇。     

微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发 ,简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用     

微波化学

本文从微波的概念、微波的产生、传输及其加热原理和主要特点出发,简单介绍微波技术在化学中的应用.     

微波化学

微波通常是指频率大约 3× 1 0 8～ 3× 1 0 11Ｈｚ(波长 1ｍ到 1ｍｍ)的电磁波。现在 ,微波技术已广泛应用于包括化学在内的许多领域 ,微波化学就是研究微波在化学中应用的一门交叉学科。在我国 ,已出版了有关微波化学的专著[1] ,专门会议也已开了 3届。1　微波与物质的相互作用　　微波作为一种电磁波 ,其与物质的相互作用和一般电磁波有共同之处 ,也可以发生反射、吸收等。在这里我们主要讨论微波能被物质吸收的作用。这种吸收从作用机理上讲可分为 2类 ,一类是吸收微波能引起分子内部能级变化 ,主要是转动能级变化的情况 ,这一类可用量…     

微波对酶催化反应的影响及其微波效应的研究进展

综述了近年来微波对酶催化反应的影响,包括对酶催化反应速度与转化率或产率的影响,对酶促反应选择性与专一性的影响,对酶结构和活性的影响.总结了研究微波效应的几种技术方法及其在酶催化反应中的应用情况.     

能源与环境应用中的微波催化研究进展

微波是一种能量传递方式。与传统电加热相比,微波加热具有加热速度快、热惯性小、选择性加热等特点,因而被视为一种优质的能量来源。微波催化是一种使用微波对反应系统供能,从而推动催化反应进行的化学过程。近年来,许多研究者致力于探索和发展微波催化技术,包括利用微波技术提升化学反应速率、开发具有出色微波吸收能力的催化剂、建立节能环保的微波催化系统等。本文首先介绍了微波的相关理论,讲述了材料对微波的吸收原理;然后从微波催化降解挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs）、微波催化污水处理、微波催化生物质热解和微波催化碳氢化合物转化等方面综述了微波催化在能源环境中的应用;最后对微波催化过程的机理展开了讨论。     

有机微波化学研究进展

本文综述了近几年来微波技术在有机合成方面的研究和应用进展。初步探讨了微波催化有机反应的作用机理, 并展望了有机微波化学的发展前景。     

微波辅助水解反应的研究进展

相比于传统的加热方式,微波加热最大的优点是缩短了反应时间,提高了反应收率和选择性.本文简介了微波加热的特点、原理和促进反应的机理.重点总结了微波加热在有机水解反应中的研究进展,并展望了微波的工业化前景.     

The microwave-to-flow paradigm: translating high-temperature batch microwave chemistry to scalable continuous-flow processes

The popularity of dedicated microwave reactors in many academic and industrial laboratories has produced a plethora of synthetic protocols that are based on this enabling technology. In the majority of examples, transformations that require several hours when performed using conventional heating under reflux conditions reach completion in a few minutes or even seconds in sealed-vessel, autoclave-type, microwave reactors. However, one severe drawback of microwave chemistry is the difficulty in scaling this technology to a production-scale level. This Concept article demonstrates that this limitation can be overcome by translating batch microwave chemistry to scalable continuous-flow processes. For this purpose, conventionally heated micro- or mesofluidic flow devices fitted with a back-pressure regulator are employed, in which the high temperatures and pressures attainable in a sealed-vessel microwave chemistry batch experiment can be mimicked.     

微波技术在组合化学合成反应中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微波技术在组合化学的无溶剂平行合成反应、固相合成反应和液相合成反应中的应用，并根据研究的结果，提出微波技术在组合化学中进一步应用的前景。参考文献27篇。     

Numerical simulation of combustion stability of liquid rocket engine based on chemistry dynamics

Combustion instability of O2/kerosene, O2/kerosene/hydrogen, and O2/kerosene/hydro-gen spray flame is numerically studied. The numerical results of combustion self-oscillation are consistent with the historical experiments. Hydrogen is helpful to stabilizing oxygen/hydrocarbon combustion. High gas injecting velocity of the coaxial injector would increase the combustion stability. Contrary to the former expectation, the most sensitive region for combustion instability is not where the heat releases most intensely but is the low-temperature premixed region near the injectors. According to the simulation, the technology steps, such as adding catalyzer to decrease the reaction activity energy, or improving the injector design to reduce the premixed low temperature region, would improve the combustion stability.     

Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis

Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.     

A simple non-invasive optical pyrometric method for plotting temperature—Time profiles of high temperature reactions in microwave ovens

A simple optical pyrometric method is described, based on a photocell with red and blue filters calibrated by the disappearing filament technique. The method, which is cheap, non-invasive and reproducible, is used for measurement of the rate of heating of solid materials such as coke, CuO or Fe₃O₄ in a microwave oven. All materials were heated under dinitrogen in a silica reaction vessel over 3 min in a 650 W oven. Coke (which contains graphitic phases) and magnetite heat smoothly to maximum temperatures of 1180 and 1050°C respectively. CuO heats erratically with plasma discharges from the surface, however when covered with a layer of coke the oxide heats smoothly achieving a maximum temperature of 1210°C. The observations are discussed.     

微波有机合成反应的新进展

综述了近来微波辐射技术在有机合成应用中的新进展。着重介绍了微波有机合 成反应技术及其在重要有机合成反应中的应用。     

Reactions of hydrogen peroxide vapor dissociated in a microwave plasma

Analysis of the plasma emission from a low-pressure microwave cavity discharge through flowing hydrogen peroxide vapor showed that both H and OH were produced in proportions which varied with the applied power. When the dissociated vapor was condensed at 195 K only water was obtained; at 77 K, H₂O₂ and H₂O₄ were also obtained. Their formation could not be increased by increasing the H atom or OH radical concentration in the plasma. When the reaction time of the dissociated vapor between the plasma exit and the cold surface was increased, the rate of H₂O₂ formation increased mostly at the expense of water formation. It appears that, as in the case of the reaction of H with O₂, the rate of H₂O₂ formation is dependent on the concentration of O₂ produced in the spatial afterglow by the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radicals.