8-羟基喹啉铁配合物对锐钛矿型TiO2（101）表面的敏化机理

用密度泛函理论和DMol3程序包对锐钛矿型TiO2(101)表面复合三(8-羟基喹啉-5-羧酸)铁的敏化机理进行了研究.计算结果表明,该染料敏化剂经式结构的HOMO(最高占据分子轨道)-LUMO(最低未占据分子轨道)能隙非常小,很容易受到激发;TiO2纳米晶吸附染料后,HOMO、LUMO和费米能级都升高,导致吸附染料后开路电压VOC升高.并进一步探讨了(8-羟基喹啉-5-羧酸)铁在TiO2(101)表面复合过程及作用机理.     

8-羟基喹啉衍生物及其锌配合物的合成

<正>自从1987年美国Kadak公司C.W.Tang及其合作者[1]首次用8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)作为发光层,得到了在较低直流电压(约10V)驱动下高亮度(1000cd/m2)的有机电致发光材料以来,以8-羟基喹啉为配体的有机金属电致发光材料的研究就一直成为人们重点关注的内容[2-5];近年来,人们不断对8-羟基喹啉配体进行化学修饰[6-12],在喹啉环结构上引入不同基团,改变分子轨道中HOMO和LUMO能级差,使配合物发光峰改变,成功合成出各种发不同荧光的有机电致发光材料。     

表面引发接枝聚合法制备接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2及其8-羟基喹啉功能化转变研究

通过用表面引发接枝聚合和高分子反应制备8-羟基喹啉型复合螯合微粒.首先使用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性,制得改性微粒AMPS-SiO2;使改性微粒AMPS-SiO2表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化-还原引发体系,实施了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)在硅胶微粒表面的高效引发接枝聚合,制得了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2.又以5-氯甲基-8-羟基喹啉(CHQ)为试剂,使接枝的PHEMA发生大分子反应,实现了接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2的8-羟基喹啉功能化转变,制得了复合微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2.采用多种手段对两种微粒进行了表征,重点研究了氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝体系的接枝聚合机理,并研究了CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间取代反应的机理,还初步考察了功能微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子的螯合吸附性能.研究结果表明,氨基-过硫酸盐表面引发接枝聚合体系具有很高的引发活性,在室温(30℃)即可制得高接枝密度(40 g/100g)的接枝微粒PHEMA/SiO2;CHQ与接枝PHEMA的醇羟基之间的取代反应遵循SN1的反应历程,使用强极性溶剂有利于反应的进行.微粒HQ-PHEMA/SiO2对重金属离子呈现很强的螯合吸附能力,是一种功能复合微粒.     

L-(8-羟基-5-甲基喹啉)半胱氨酸修饰电极的制备及其对汞离子选择性检测

利用Shifft碱反应将L-半胱氨酸和5-甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉一步合成L-(8-羟基-5-甲基喹啉)半胱氨酸,通过金-硫键将L-(8-羟基-5-甲基喹啉)半胱氨酸自组装到金电极表面制备L-(8-羟基-5-甲基喹啉)修饰金电极。L-(8-羟基-5-甲基喹啉)半胱氨酸分子中的羟基氧和氮可与Hg2+形成稳定的五元环配合物,因此该修饰电极能选择性吸附Hg2+,结合方波伏安法用于Hg2+电化学检测。在0.01mol/L HCl中,富集时间为160s,Hg2+浓度在1.0×10-9~1.0×10-8 mol/L、1.0×10-8~1.0×10-7 mol/L浓度范围内与方波伏安峰电流分段呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为0.92×10-9 mol/L。     

8-羟基喹啉锰配合物电子结构和光谱性质的含时密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法, 对8-羟基喹啉锰配合物进行结构优化, 探讨了配合物的结构、分子轨道能级和组成、电荷分布和转移等; 采用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法对配合物的电子结构进行计算, 获得其吸收光谱. 结果表明, Mn(Ⅲ)与8-羟基喹啉中的N原子和O原子形成不对称六配位的稳定配合物, 金属锰对前线轨道的贡献很大, 在HOMO轨道中占28.53%, 在LUMO轨道中占68.30%; 中心金属锰(Ⅲ)强烈地参与发光, 电子在基态与激发态之间的跃迁, 主要是中心金属锰及8-羟基喹啉配体间的电荷转移, 在可见光区存在2个强度较大的吸收峰, 分别位于756.8 nm和532.7 nm处. 通过对双分子体系的研究发现, 相邻2个分子之间能够进行微量电荷的转移, 分子间的相互作用对前线轨道组成有明显的影响.     

TiO2表面吸附三氟乙酸的密度泛函理论研究

探求全氟羧酸(Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids,PFCAs)的降解方法及其降解机理是当前亟待解决的问题.基于密度泛函理论的Materials Studio(MS)程序包中的CASTEP计算程序,优化了锐钛矿TiO2(101),(001),(110),(210);金红石TiO2(110),(001),(101),(210)和板钛矿TiO2(210),(101),(001),(110)晶面的几何结构,结果发现锐钛矿(101)晶面、金红石(110)晶面和板钛矿(210)晶面的能量最低,为最稳定的吸附面.对在最稳定三种TiO2吸附面上吸附三氟乙酸(Trifluoroacetic Acid,TFA)的18种吸附方式优化结构的吸附能计算表明,TFA被垂直吸附在板钛矿型TiO2(210)表面且羧基端H被Ti原子吸附的吸附方式吸附能最大,吸附结构最稳定,为TFA在TiO2表面吸附的最佳方式.分态密度计算表明,板钛矿(210)面与TFA间存在弱的共价相互作用,吸附后其表面结构的带隙因TFA中的O和F的2p轨道进入,带隙由吸附前的3.06 eV降低到吸附后的2.80 eV,光催化吸收波长由吸附前的385 nm增加到吸附后的443 nm,提高了可见光的吸收效率.     

2-(5,7-二氯/二溴-8-喹啉氧甲基)-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯的便捷合成(英文)

在K2CO3作为碱、乙腈作为溶剂的条件下,将2-氯甲基-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯(3)分别与5,7-二氯-8-羟基喹啉(4a)和5,7-二溴-8-羟基喹啉(4b)发生Williamson反应,以高收率得到结构新颖的二氯或二溴取代的双喹啉类目标化合物2-(5,7-二氯/二溴-8-喹啉氧甲基)-4-苯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯(2a,2b);其结构经波谱数据和元素分析证实.     

二氢吲哚类染料用于染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂的比较

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对四种二氢吲哚染料进行研究, 从中筛选出相对优秀的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂. 对前线分子轨道的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的前线分子轨道结构非常有利于染料激发态向TiO2电极的电子注入. 对真空中的紫外和可见光吸收光谱的计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配较好. 对染料分子的能级计算表明, 二氢吲哚染料的能级结构比较适合于I-/I-3作电解液的TiO2纳米晶太阳能电池的光敏剂. 二氢吲哚染料最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO) 能级均比TiO2晶体导带边能级高, 能够保证激发态染料分子高效地向TiO2电极转移电子. 二氢吲哚染料最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)的能级比I-/I-3能级低, 保证了失去电子的染料分子能够顺利地从电解液中得到电子. 与实验数据比较, 得出在提高染料敏化太阳能电池转换效率方面, 对染料的关键要求是LUMO能级的位置. 染料分子的稳定性是染料敏化太阳能电池使用寿命的关键因素. 通过对化学键键长的比较表明, 二氢吲哚染料的分子稳定性基本相同. 对计算结果的分析表明, 二氢吲哚染料1(ID1)的LUMO能级最高, 分子稳定性最好, 在酒精溶液中的吸收光谱与太阳辐射光谱匹配很好, 在同类染料中是较好的染料敏化太阳能电池光敏剂.     

四硫富瓦烯作为染料敏化太阳能电池有机染料电子给体的理论研究(英文)

为了研究四硫富瓦烯(TTF)基团对有机染料敏化剂光电性能的影响,以咔唑染料Dye 1为原型,引入TTF基团作为电子给体,设计了咔唑染料Dye 2.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)分别计算模拟了纯染料分子和吸附团簇(TiO2)9后的形貌、分子轨道能级以及紫外-可见吸收光谱,采用周期性密度泛函理论计算模拟染料分子在二氧化钛(101)面吸附的表面形貌.结果发现:在有机染料中引入TTF基团有助于有机染料敏化剂在二氧化钛表面的抗团聚作用和分子内的电荷转移;最为重要的是,TTF基团的强给电子能力极大地增强了有机染料敏化剂的光捕获能力.所有的计算结果表明,TTF基团是一种非常有潜力改善染料敏化剂光电性能的给电子基团.     

8-羟基喹啉银(铂)金属配合物电子光谱与非线性光学性质

运用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法对8-羟基喹啉(银、铂)(AgQ、PtQ₂)金属配合物及其衍生物的非线性光学性质进行理论计算研究. 结果表明: 引入取代基使铂配合物的最强吸收波长产生较大红移. 最低能量跃迁吸收来自最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)到最低空分子轨道(LUMO)的d→π^*和π→π^*跃迁, 属于金属配体电荷转移(MLCT)与配体配体电荷转移(LLCT). 金属银和铂掺杂8-羟基喹啉使其三阶非线性光学系数γ值明显增大, 并且在配合物上引入―Ph, ―PhOCH₃, ―PhF₂, ―PhF₅基团将进一步增大γ值. 引入基团的供电子性越强, γ值增大的幅度越大, 引入基团的吸电子性越强, γ值增大的幅度越小.     

The effect of conjugated spacer on novel carbazole derivatives for dye‐sensitized solar cells: Density functional theory/time‐dependent density functional theory study

The ground‐state structure and frontier molecular orbital of D‐π‐A organic dyes, CFT1A, CFT2A, and CFT1PA were theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) on B3LYP functional with 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. The vertical excitation energies and absorption spectra were obtained using time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT). The adsorptions of these dyes on TiO₂ anatase (101) were carried out by using a 38[TiO₂] cluster model using Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional with the double numerical basis set with polarization (DNP). The results showed that the introduction of thiophene–thiophene unit (T–T) as conjugated spacer in CFT2A could affect the performance of intramolecular charge transfer significantly due to the inter‐ring torsion of T–T being decreased compared with phenylene–phenylene (P–P) spacer of CFP2A in the researhcers' previous report. It was also found that increasing the number of π‐conjugated unit gradually enhanced charge separation between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of these dyes, leading to a high‐efficiency photocurrent generation. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps were calculated to be 2.51, 2.37, and 2.50 eV for CFT1A, CFT2A, and CFT1PA respectively. Moreover, the calculated adsorption energies of these dyes on TiO₂ cluster were ～14 kcal/mol, implying that these dyes strongly bind to TiO₂ surface. Furthermore, the electronic HOMO and LUMO shapes of all dye–TiO₂ complexes exhibited injection mechanism of electron via intermolecular charge‐transfer transition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Density functional study of the interfacial electron transfer pathway for monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface

Density functional theory (DFT) in connection with ultrasoft pseudopotential (USP) and generalized gradient spin-polarized approximations (GGSA) is applied to calculate the adsorption energies and structures of monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface and the corresponding electronic properties, that is, partial density of states (PDOS) for surface and bulk layers of the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface and monolayer-adsorbed InN, to shed light on the possible structural modes for initial photoexcitation within the UV/vis adsorption region followed by fast electron injection through the InN/TiO(2) interface for an InN/TiO(2)-based solar cell design. Our calculated adsorption energies found that the two most probable stable structural modes of monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface are (1) an end-on structure with an adsorption energy of 2.52 eV through N binding to surface 2-fold coordinated O (O(cn2)), that is, InN-O(cn2), and (2) a side-on structure with an adsorption energy of 3.05 eV through both N binding to surface 5-fold coordinated Ti (Ti(cn5)) and In bridging two surface O(cn2), that is, (O(cn2))(2)-InN-Ti(cn5). Our calculated band gaps for both InN-O(cn2) and (O(cn2))2-InN-Ti(cn5) (including a 1.0-eV correction using a scissor operator) of monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface are red-shifted to 1.7 eV (730 nm) and 2.3 eV (540 nm), respectively, which are within the UV/vis adsorption region similar to Gratzel's black dye solar cell. Our analyses of calculated PDOS for both surface and bulk layers of the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface and monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface suggest that the (O(cn2))(2)-InN-Ti(n5) configuration of monolayer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface would provide a more feasible structural mode for the electron injection through the InN/TiO(2) interface. This is due to the presence of both occupied and unoccupied electronic states for monolayer-adsorbed InN within the band gap TiO(2) anatase (101) surface, which will allow the photoexcitation within the UV/vis adsorption region to take place effectively, and subsequently the photoexcited electronic states will overlap with the unoccupied electronic states around the lowest conduction band of the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface, which will ensure the electron injection through the InN/TiO(2) interface. Finally, another thing worth our attention is our preliminary study of double-layer-adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface, that is, (O(cn2))(2)-(InN)(2)-Ti(cn5), with a calculated band gap red-shifted to 2.6 eV (477 nm) and a different overlap of electronic states between double-layer-adsorbed InN and the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface qualitatively indicated that there is an effect of the thickness of adsorbed InN on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface on both photoexcitation and electron injection processes involved in the photoinduced interfacial electron transfer through InN/TiO(2). A more thorough and comprehensive study of different layers of InN adsorbed in all possible different orientations on the TiO(2) anatase (101) surface is presently in progress.     

Pt(PPh3)2-η2C60络合物的分子轨道研究

近年来,自Kratschmer 等人采用并不复杂的方法就能制备出宏观量的C_(60),人们对它的兴趣也从结构的研究逐渐转向化学性质的研究.C_(60)是目前自然界已知对称性最高的球状分子,每个C 原子都以接近sp~2杂化轨道和相邻的三个C 原子相联.C_(60)的NMR 化学位移以及闭壳层的电子结构和较宽的HOMO-LUMO 间隙,都说明它具有典型的芳香化合物——苯的某些特性.另外,掺杂(碱金属元素)后,它具有的导电性又表现出石墨具有的某些特点.     

Nitrogen atom transfer from iron(IV) nitrido complexes: a dual-nature transition state for atom transfer

The mechanism of nitrogen atom transfer from four-coordinate tris(carbene)borate iron(IV) nitrido complexes to phosphines and phosphites has been investigated. In the absence of limiting steric effects, the rate of nitrogen atom transfer to phosphines increases with decreasing phosphine σ-basicity. This trend has been quantified by a Hammett study with para-substituted triarylphosphines, and is contrary to the expectations of an electrophilic nitrido ligand. On the basis of electronic structure calculations, a dual-nature transition state for nitrogen atom transfer is proposed, in which a key interaction involves the transfer of electron density from the nitrido highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the phosphine lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Compared to analogous atom transfer reactions from a 5d metal, these results show how the electronic plasticity of a 3d metal results in rapid atom transfer from pseudotetrahedral late metal complexes.     

Computational study of iron(II) systems containing ligands with nitrogen heterocyclic groups

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the higher energy HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) orbitals of four iron(II) diimine complexes are metal centered and the lower energy LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) are ligand centered. The energy of the orbitals correlates with electrochemical redox potentials of the complexes. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal ligand centered (LC) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) at higher energy than experimentally observed. TDDFT calculations also reveal the presence of d-d transitions which are buried under the MLCT and LC transitions. The difference in chemical and photophysical behavior of the iron complexes compared to that of their ruthenium analogues is also addressed.     

Adsorption configurations and energetics of BClx (x=0-3) on TiO2 anatase (101) and rutile (110) surfaces

This study investigates the adsorption and reactions of boron trichloride and its fragments (BClx) on the TiO2 anatase (101) and rutile (110) surfaces by first-principles calculations. The results show that the possible absorbates on the TiO2 anatase and rutile surfaces are very similar. The single- and double-site adsorption configurations are found for both anatase and rutile surfaces. The particular adsorbate feature on the anatase surface is its in-plane double-site adsorption by Ti and O from its sawtooth surface. The potential energy surface shows that BCl3 can be adsorbed on the O site for both the anantase and rutile surfaces and the most of the BClx reaction on both anatase and rutile surfaces are endothermic, except for the dissociative reaction on the rutile surface. The energy levels of the BClx reactions between the anatase and rutile surfaces show that the rutile surface has lower energy levels than those of anatase surface. This result reveals that the BClx dissociative adsorption more easily occurs on rutile surface than on anatase surface.     

Structural and spectroscopic characterization of an electrophilic iron nitrido complex

We have isolated and structurally characterized a terminal iron nitrido complex supported by a bulky tris(carbene)borate ligand. The electronic structure of this complex reveals that the a1 LUMO (formerly Fe(dz2)) is strongly stabilized by reduced antibonding interactions with the carbene sigma-donor ligands and configurational mixing (hybridization) with higher lying Fe 4s and 4p atomic orbitals. This unusual bonding interaction results in a low-lying Fe nitrido acceptor orbital (LUMO) that possesses electrophilic character. Reaction with PPh3 results in nitrogen atom transfer to the phosphine, supporting a reaction mechanism involving nucleophilic attack of the triphenylphosphine HOMO at the electrophilic LUMO of the iron nitrido complex.     

Fine-tuning the molecular energy levels by incorporating thiophene units onto the π-backbone of core-expanded naphthalene diimides

A series of core-expanded naphthalene diimides (NDI-DTYM) and thiophene-based derivatives (1a-c) were designed and synthesized to investigate the relationship between molecular structures and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels but has little impact on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The results demonstrated that increasing the number of thiophene units can gradually elevate the HOMO energy levels but had little impact on the LUMO energy levels. The n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 1b and 1c have demonstrated that these almost unchanged LUMO energy levels are proper to transport electrons.     

Innenrücktitelbild: Developing Conjugated Polymers with High Electron Affinity by Replacing a C?C Unit with a B←N Unit (Angew. Chem. 12/2015)

The key parameters of conjugated polymers are lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Few approaches can simultaneously lower LUMO and HOMO energy levels of conjugated polymers to a large extent (>0.5 eV). Disclosed herein is a novel strategy to decrease both LUMO and HOMO energy levels of conjugated polymers by about 0.6 eV through replacement of a C C unit by a B←N unit. The replacement makes the resulting polymer transform from an electron donor into an electron acceptor, and is proven by fluorescence quenching experiments and the photovoltaic response. This work not only provides an effective approach to tune the LUMO/HOMO energy levels of conjugated polymers, but also uses organic boron chemistry as a new toolbox to develop conjugated polymers with high electron affinity for polymer optoelectronic devices.