过电离等离子体复合升温和绝热膨胀

给出了类H—C离3d5/2-2p3/2跃迁复合机制产生X光激光的电子密度-电子温度增益目标区域，研究了电离转复合处等离子体特征、复合阶段电子密度变化规律及影响电子温度的两个主要因素：作功冷却与复合升温，并给出了这两个因素的近似表达式．     

低和中等电离度离子的电子碰撞电离截面的扭曲波计算

利用扭曲波Born交换近似方法计算了Ne⁺，…，Ne⁶⁺的电子碰撞电离截面，计算结果同实验和其他理论结果相一致.为满足实际应用需要，给出了高精度的拟合公式.还讨论了扭曲波Born交换近似方法对低电离度离子的适用性以及交换势的引进对计算结果的影响. 关键词：     

1.0 MeV电子碰撞引起Ta 和Au 内壳电离截面的测量

无论对深入理解电子-原子的作用机制,还是在材料等领域的实际应用,电子轰击原子的内壳电离截面都具有重要意义。当前电子碰撞引起原子内壳电离的实验数据多集中在几十keV 入射能量和中小Z 靶原子,其它数据相对比较缺乏。本工作以能量为1.0 MeV电子轰击Ta 和Au 靶,通过测量靶原子特征X射线的产额,获得其K壳电离截面分别为13.3 和10.1 b,L 壳电离截面分别为554 和338 b。并将实验结果和相应的理论进行了对比,结果显示,本实验测得的K壳电离截面与Casnati、Hombourger 理论值、L 壳电离截面与Scoeld和Born-Bethe 的理论值相符。Accurate experimental data for atomic inner-shell ionization cross-sections by electrons are of basic importance both in understanding inelastic electron-atom interaction and its application. Up to now, most of available data on this process were mainly concentrated on the low and medium Z atoms by the bombardment of low energy electrons. In present experiments K-shell and L-shell ionization cross-sections of Ta and Au in collisions with 1.0 MeV eleltron were determined by measuring the characteristic X-rays emitted from the target atoms. For the present collision systems the K-shell ionization cross-sections were found to be 13.3 and 10.1 b,and the L-shell ionization cross sections were 554 and 338 b, respectively. The measured K-shell ionization cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the theoretic predictions of Casnati and Hombourger, while L-shell ionization cross sections are consistent with the theoretical results of Soc eld and Born-Bethey.     

高能电子碰撞电离对高空核爆炸辐射电离的影响

利用数值模拟程序模拟了不同高度核爆炸下距离爆点不同位置处大气的X射线电离及演化过程,分析了高能电子碰撞电离过程对高空核爆炸电离效应的影响.结果表明:高能电子碰撞电离过程对高空核爆炸的电离结果产生了重要影响,在80 km爆高1 kt当量高空核爆炸条件下,在距离爆点1.5 km处高能电子的碰撞电离效应使得电子的峰值数密度提高了约2个数量级;随着时间的增加,高能电子能谱逐渐向低能方向发展,在5μs后高能电子数密度随电子能量近似呈负指数分布;电子峰值时间与爆高有关,随着爆高的增加而增大,电离的影响区域也随着爆高的增加而增大.在80 km爆高1 kt当量情况下电离效应对近百千米范围内的微波通信具有严重影响.     

原子的电子碰撞电离截面的高精度计算

本文详细描述了电子-原子碰撞电离截面的高精度计算的有关问题,着重论述了包含三个库仑散射波函数的6重积分如何简化成2重积分的方法。     

Al^（10＋）的电子碰撞激发和电离

用扭曲波方法计算了Ａｌ￣（１０＋）离子基态和第一激发态的１ｓ、２ｓ和２ｐ电子的激发和电离截面。激发截面与文献［３］的结果符合很好。同时，２ｓ电离截面与文献［４］的结果也是一致的。在电离阈值处实现了激发截面（乘以“态密度”）与电离能量微分截面的光滑联接。     

核苷酸和芳香酮的电子转移和质子转移反应研究

利用时间分辨的激光闪光光解方法在1∶1乙腈/水溶液中得到了4种核苷酸和芳香酮的瞬态吸收光谱,通过瞬态吸收光谱的变化研究了鸟苷酸、腺苷酸、胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸猝灭二苯甲酮、呫吨酮激发三重态的反应。由于实验中生成了抽氢自由基和负离子自由基,以及核苷酸正离子在水中的快速抽氢反应,推断出芳香酮和鸟苷酸、腺苷酸的反应机理是先发生电子转移后发生质子转移。而在芳香酮和胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸的反应中没有观察到相应的抽氢自由基和负离子自由基的瞬态吸收峰,由此推断出它们和胞苷酸、胸腺苷酸没有发生电子转移和质子转移反应。对瞬态吸收峰处的时间衰减曲线进行拟合得到了核苷酸猝灭芳香酮的速率常数,可以看到随着反应自由能变ΔG的增大,反应速率常数逐渐减小。     

原子镁的电子碰撞电离

使用Ｒ－矩阵方法，在扭曲库仑－玻恩非交换近似下（ＤＣＢＮＸ）采用二态密耦图象，计算了原子镁从电离阈值附近到１００ｅＶ范围的电子碰撞电离截面。从能量微分截面可看到明显的Ｒｙｄｂｅｒｇ系列共振。     

R-矩阵程序包和电子碰撞电离的计算程序

讨论如何利用Berrington等人编制的R-矩阵程序包(1978)中的现有资源,根据电子碰撞电离的R-矩阵理论,在库仑-玻恩近似下续编电子碰撞电离的计算程序。     

Al^q＋（q=0～12）的电子碰撞电离截面和速率系数

使用扭曲波玻恩交换(DWBE)近似计算Al^q (q=0～12)的电子碰撞电离截面和速率系数,其中电离截面的高能行为由Bethe系数决定。分析了计算数据随电离度的变化规律,并且与可得到的实验的和其他计算的数据进行了比较,表明结果可靠。     

The structure of the quantum mechanical state space and induced superselection rules

The role of superselection rules for the derivation of classical probability within quantum mechanics is investigated and examples of superselection rules induced by the environment are discussed     

NO(3+1)共振增强的多光子离化谱

用皮秒脉冲高功率Nd∶YAG激光器抽运的光学参量发生/放大器作激发源,获得了NO分子在420～500 nm波长范围内的多光子离化谱,光谱图呈现分离谱的特征,表明在该波长区间NO分子以多光子共振方式离化。离化信号随激光强度的近四次方变化关系表明,在420～500 nm波长范围内NO分子吸收4个光子而离化。通过对谱线的标识,首次分离出NO分子以E 2Σ激发电子态为中间共振态的(3+1)多光子离化光谱序列,由谱线序列峰值波长得到NO分子E 2Σ电子态的振动常数,从而实现了采用多光子离化技术对该态能级结构的实验研究。     

异核双原子和三原子分子在红外强激光场中的电离抑制

Ionization is the fundamental process in interaction of atoms/molecules with femtosecond strong laser fields. Comparing to atoms, molecules exhibit peculiar behaviors in strong-field ionization because of their diverse geometric structures, molecular electronic orbitals as well as extra nuclear degrees of freedom. In this study, we investigate strong field single and double ionization of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in linearly polarized 50-fs, 800-nm laser fields with peak intensity in the range of 2×10¹³ W/cm² to 2×10¹⁴ W/cm² using time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By comparing the ionization yields with that of the companion atom krypton (Kr), which has similar ionization potential to the molecules, we investigate the effect of molecular electronic orbitals on the strong-field ionization. The results show that comparing to Kr, no significant suppression is observed in single ionization of both molecules and in non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) of CO, while the NSDI probability of CO₂ is strongly suppressed. Based on our results and previous studies on homonuclear diatomic molecules (N₂ and O₂), the mechanism of different suppression effect is discussed. It is indicated that the different structure of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of CO and CO₂ leads to distinct behaviors in two-center interference by the electronic wave-packet and angular distributions of the ionized electrons, resulting in different suppression effect in strong-field ionization.     

硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

用聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚醚接枝聚硅氧烷、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸和1,4丁二醇进行聚合,并通过三乙胺直接水乳化法合成了一种新型硅氧烷改性的透明且稳定性好的水性聚氨酯乳液.用Fourier变换红外光谱、化学分析电子能谱、接触角仪、电子拉力试验机以及乳液稳定性测试对其进行研究,测试表明乳液稳定性好,聚硅氧烷链段已被化学键入聚氨酯分子链中,硅氧烷在乳胶膜表明富集,对聚氨酯材料有明显的表面改性作用.研究结果还表明,经少量硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯材料本体的力学性质变化不大,仍然是一种很好的弹性体.随着硅氧烷含量的增加,抗张强度提高,但断裂伸长率有所减小.     

Ursell operators in statistical physics of dense systems: the role of high order operators and of exchange cycles

The purpose of this article is to discuss cluster expansions in dense quantum systems, as well as their interconnection with exchange cycles. We show in general how the Ursell operators of order l≥ 3 contribute to an exponential which corresponds to a mean-field energy involving the second operator U₂, instead of the potential itself as usual - in other words, the mean-field correction is expressed in terms of a modification of a local Boltzmann equilibrium. In a first part, we consider classical statistical mechanics and recall the relation between the reducible part of the classical cluster integrals and the mean-field; we introduce an alternative method to obtain the linear density contribution to the mean-field, which is based on the notion of tree-diagrams and provides a preview of the subsequent quantum calculations. We then proceed to study quantum particles with Boltzmann statistics (distinguishable particles) and show that each Ursell operator U_n with n≥ 3 contains a “tree-reducible part”, which groups naturally with U₂ through a linear chain of binary interactions; this part contributes to the associated mean-field experienced by particles in the fluid. The irreducible part, on the other hand, corresponds to the effects associated with three (or more) particles interacting all together at the same time. We then show that the same algebra holds in the case of Fermi or Bose particles, and discuss physically the role of the exchange cycles, combined with interactions. Bose condensed systems are not considered at this stage. The similarities and differences between Boltzmann and quantum statistics are illustrated by this approach, in contrast with field theoretical or Green's functions methods, which do not allow a separate study of the role of quantum statistics and dynamics. Received 18 October 2001     

Semi-Classical Limit and Minimum Decoherence in the Conditional Probability Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

The Conditional Probability Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics replaces the abstract notion of time used in standard Quantum Mechanics by the time that can be read off from a physical clock. The use of physical clocks leads to apparent non-unitary and decoherence. Here we show that a close approximation to standard Quantum Mechanics can be recovered from conditional Quantum Mechanics for semi-classical clocks, and we use these clocks to compute the minimum decoherence predicted by the Conditional Probability Interpretation.     

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the translation matrices of spherical waves of multiple-scattering theory

Summary The exponential nature of the translation matrixG of spherical free waves has been set forth in a previous paper. The explicit expression of the exponential form of the translation matrix is given here, once the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues ofG have been found. In addition, the eigenproblem relative to the matrix which transforms outgoing waves scattered by a centre in a set of spherical free waves centred at a different point is solved. Work supported by C.N.R. and M.P.I.     

Role of environment and confinement in quantum dissipative dynamics: A pedestrian approach

In this paper, the long time and short time behavior of a free quantum Brownian particle and of a quantum harmonic oscillator coupled to a quantum heat bath is investigated for different spectral density functions. Not only are the usual Ohmic, Drude or radiation heat bath schemes employed to derive explicit expressions for the generalized susceptibility χ(t)$\chi \left(t\right)$ and the position correlation function σ(t)$\sigma \left(t\right)$ but also the most intriguing frequency dependent heat bath spectra are considered. Emphasis is laid on the dependence on the low-frequency behavior but in some cases also the high-frequency cutoff becomes relevant. The present investigation also sheds light on the role of boundary in long time and short time behavior of quantum dissipative systems.