含芴聚合物电子亲合能和电离能的确定

通过循环伏安法测量了若干含芴交替共聚物的氧化还原电位,并通过氧化还原的起始电位点来确定聚合物的能级结构。从结果分析,在聚芴中引入系列的基团改变了聚合物的电离能、电子亲合能及带隙能。其中引入联吡啶后,带隙能变化不大,但电子亲合能明显升高,增加了电子的注入能力;引入带有七元环的联苯,特别是引入间位连接带有七元环的联苯后,带隙能明显增加。与聚芴比较,七元环聚合物电离能(I_p)从5.60eV增加到5.81eV,而电子亲合能(E_a)从2.05eV增加到2.42eV,带隙能从3.55eV增加到3.82eV。这与光谱得到的带隙能得到了较好的对应。     

BmPn和BmPn－(m+n≤5)团簇的几何结构与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)水平上对BmPn团簇及其阴离子的几何构型、电子结构和振动光谱等性质进行了理论研究.并在相同水平下计算了BmPn－(m+n≤5)的垂直电离能和BmPn(m+n≤5)的绝热电子亲和势.结果表明：BP、B2P2、B3P2、B4P较稳定,而BP2、BP3、B2P3、BP4的稳定性较差; B2P-较容易失去一个电子形成B2P,B3P-和B2P3-的垂直电离能力基本相同.     

BmPn和BmP-n(m+n≤5)团簇的几何结构与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)水平上对BmPn(m n≤5)团簇及其阴离子的几何构型、电子结构和振动光谱等性质进行了理论研究.并在相同水平下计算了BmP-n(m n≤5)的垂直电离能和BmPn(m n≤5)的绝热电子亲和势.结果表明:BP、B2P2、B3P2、B4P较稳定,而BP2、BP3、B2P3、BP4的稳定性较差;B2P-较容易失去一个电子形成B2P,B3P-和B2P-3的垂直电离能力基本相同.     

甲醇分子(CH3OH)光谱性质的理论计算

研究了气相甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和激发态性质。在对不同方法基组所得计算结果和实验结果进行比较之后,选用MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)理论方法进行计算,得到甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和三重激发态的几何结构、能量以及频率信息;频率计算显示基态和三重态都为稳定构型。从三重态的结构出发,解释了三重态势能面为排斥型势能面的合理性。计算了甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,比较不同方法不同基组计算的甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,发现用TDDFT 中的b3p86方法使用6-311++G**基组的计算值和实验值符合得最好。计算得到的甲醇分子在MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)的绝热电离能和垂直电离能分别为11.18eV和11.32eV;计算得到的绝热电子亲和势与垂直电子亲和势分别为0.888eV和0.893eV。计算结果对实验研究有指导意义。     

甲醇分子(CH3OH)光谱性质的理论计算

研究了气相甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和激发态性质。在对不同方法基组所得计算结果和实验结果进行比较之后,选用MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)理论方法进行计算,得到甲醇分子(CH3OH)基态和三重激发态的几何结构、能量以及频率信息;频率计算显示基态和三重态都为稳定构型。从三重态的结构出发,解释了三重态势能面为排斥型势能面的合理性。计算了甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,比较不同方法不同基组计算的甲醇分子单重激发态的垂直激发能,发现用TDDFT 中的b3p86方法使用6-311++G**基组的计算值和实验值符合得最好。计算得到的甲醇分子在MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p)的绝热电离能和垂直电离能分别为11.18eV和11.32eV;计算得到的绝热电子亲和势与垂直电子亲和势分别为0.888eV和0.893eV。计算结果对实验研究有指导意义。     

第一性原理对VO1-x(x=1～5)阴离子团族结构及稳定性的研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,V的内层10个电子用相对论有效实势(RECP)近似,氧原子用全电子基组6-311++g(d,P),V的价电子用lan12dz基组,对气态VO1-x(x=1～5)分子的几何构型、振动频率、垂直电子亲和能、垂直电离能和能级分布进行了理论研究.该系列分子的基态电子态为:VO1-(3∑),VO1-2(3B1),VO1-3(1A1),VO1-4(1A1),VO1-5(3A).VO1-3分子基态的几何构型为平面分子,没有John-Tdler效应或Renner-Tdler效应.而VO1-4、VO1-5分子的基态都是立体结构,存在明显的John-Teller和Rennet-Teller效应,对称性降低,稳定性增加.该系列分子离子基态结构的垂直电离能分别为:1.052eV,2.085 eV,4.690 eV,4.460 eV,5.046 eV,该结果表明该系列分子离子的氧原子数从3增加到5时,垂直电离能没有明显改变.垂直电子亲和能也大致有这个规律,但由于该系列分子离子是负离子,对电子有排斥,它们得到一个电子都需要外加能量,其垂直电子亲和能都为负值.VO1-5(3A)的垂直电子亲和能最大,吸收一个电子需要的能量最小.能级分布研究表明:VO1-2比VO1-稳定,氧原子数从3增加到5,稳定性没有明显变化.     

n型掺杂GaAs中重空穴的飞秒动力学

本文采用fs脉冲饱和吸收光谱技术研究了室温下Si掺杂GaAs在电子激发态处于费密面附近时重空穴的超快弛豫特性。测量到重空穴的热化时间约为300fs,与理论计算结果一致,表明重空穴-光学声子散射是主要的热化途径,并得到光学形变势常数d₀为31eV.     

Gam Pn和Gam P-n团簇结构及其光电子能谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中B3LYP泛函方法,在6-31 G*水平上,对GamPn(m+n≤5)团簇及其阴离子的几何构型和振动光谱性质进行了研究.在相同水平下计算了GamP-n(m+n≤5)的垂直电离能和GamPn(m+n≤5)的绝热电子亲核势.结果表明:单线态稳定结构有较高的对称性,二重态的稳定结构对称性相对较低.     

乙醇分子的高分辨电子动量谱学研究:单个构象异构体的轨道电子动量分布

利用高分辨电子动量谱仪测量了乙醇分子外价轨道的电离能谱,通过对一系列角度关联的电离能谱进行解谱,获得了各个电离能峰对应的分子轨道电子动量分布.利用密度泛函理论方法计算了乙醇分子两种构象异构体的轨道电子动量分布,通过与实验结果进行比较,发现实验测量的电离能为14.5和15.2 eV能峰对应的电子动量分布分别与理论计算的单个构象异构体trans 8a''和gauche 9a轨道电子动量分布符合较好.     

铝原子团簇Al5、Al5-和Al5+稳定结构的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的四种方法 :杂化密度泛函B3LYP与B3PW 91、Perdew Wang91交换与相关泛函WP91PW91、局域自旋密度近似SVWN ,研究了Al5、Al5-和Al5+ 团簇的多种可能结构 ,找到了它们稳定的结构与自旋态 ,与已有的理论结果作了比较 ,并计算了Al5-的绝热与垂直电子离解能、Al5的绝热与垂直电离势 ,同有关的实验数据比较 ,符合较好 .同时对四种密度泛函方法的计算结果作了一些比较与讨论     

Ionisation energy,electron affinity,and mass spectral decomposition mechanisms of RDX isomers upon electron attachment and electron ionisation

ABSTRACT

The structures, ionisation energies (IE), and electron affinities (EA) of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) isomers upon loss and gain of an electron were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The adiabatic electron affinities (EA_ad) range from 1 to 2 eV. The vertical detachment energies are between 1.3 and 4.0 eV. The adiabatic ionisation energies (IE_ad) are in the 9.9–10.2 eV range. The vertical ionisation energies are in the 10.4–10.9 eV range. It is shown that NO₂^?/NO₂ loss would be common in anions and cations, respectively. Isomerisation and N—N bond dissociation accompany cation and anion formation, respectively. The suggested mass spectral fragmentation products for the cations along the S₀ surface are 84, 130, and 176 amu, in agreement with earlier mass spectrometry studies.     

The determination of low lying ionization potentials of BN,BN+ and B2N and photodetachment energies of BN− and B2N− using the multiconfigurational spin tensor electron propagator method

The multiconfigurational spin tensor electron propagator method (MCSTEP) is a Green's function based approach for directly calculating accurately the low lying ionization potentials (IPs) and electron affinities (EAs) of highly correlated closed and open shell molecules. The MCSTEP method has been employed to determine the vertical ionization potentials and adiabatic ionization potentials of BN, BN⁺ and B₂N and the photodetachment energies (PDEs) of BN^? and B₂N^?. These systems have had wide industrial applications and have recently been the focus of considerable attention. For BN, the lowest few MCSTEP vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials are in good agreement with other theoretical values previously reported. For BN^? the MCSTEP PDEs are in good agreement with the experimental values and previous theoretical results. MCSTEP vertical and adiabatic IPs for BN⁺ differ for some states compared with other previously reported theoretical values. This is believed to be the first time that the vertical and adiabatic IPs of B₂N have been reported. The MCSTEP PDEs of B₂N are in very good agreement with the experimental values.     

Electron affinities of the bromine oxides BrOn,n = 1-4

Bromine oxides are of significant interest due to their importance in atmospheric chemistry. Density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used in conjunction with a DZP++ (double-ζ plus polarization with diffuse functions) basis set to study the molecular geometries and total energies of BrOn and BrO^- _n (n = 1-4). The adiabatic electron affinity (EA_ad), the vertical electron affinity (EA_vert) of the bromine oxide and the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of each anion are reported. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and zero point energies are also reported. Five different DFT methods were employed for comparison. Among these, the BHLYP method predicts the geometries and the vibrational frequencies in best agreement with available experimental data, while the the other methods do better in predicting the limited number of energetic quantities determined observationally. The predicted adiabatic electron affinities are 2.38 eV (BrO, experiment 2.35 eV), 2.36 eV (BrO₂), 3.35 eV (BrOO), 4.32 eV (BrO₃), 2.91 eV (BrOOO) and 5.28 eV (BrO₄). The electronic ground state of BrOO^- is a triplet (³A^") state. Predicted Br–;O bond distances range from 1.61 (BrO₃) to more than 2 Å for Br...O₂ for the neutral molecules; and from 1.61 Å for BrO^- to 1.82 Å for BrO^- to more than 2 Å for Br^-...O₃ among the anions. The BrOO isomer (C_s symmetry) is predicted to lie 17–18 kcal mol^-1 below the C_2v symmetry OBrO structure. The asymmetric ³A^" anion BrOO^- analogously lies below OBrO^-, in this case by 40–41 kcalmol_-1. BrOOO (C_s symmetry) is predicted to lie 42-45 kcalmol-1 below the symmetric C_3v BrO structure. Finally the asymmetric BrOOO- anion (C₁ symmetry) is predicted to lie 10-13kcal mol-1 below symmetric C_3v BrO^- ₃.     

Lattice relaxation and charge-transfer optical transitions due to self-trapped holes in nonstoichiometric LaMnO3 crystal

We explore the role of electronic and ionic polarization energies in the physics of “colossal” magnetoresistive (CMR) materials. We use the Mott-Littleton approach to evaluate polarization energies in the LaMnO₃ lattice associated with holes localized on both the Mn³⁺ cation and the O^2?anion. The full (electronic and ionic) lattice relaxation energy for a hole localized at the O site is estimated at 2.4 eV, which is appreciably greater than that of 0.8 eV for a hole localized at the Mn site, indicating a strong electron-phonon interaction in the former case. The ionic relaxation around the localized holes differs for anion and cation holes. The relaxation associated with Mn⁴⁺ is approximately isotropic, whereas ionic displacements around O^? holes show axial symmetry with the axis directed towards the apical oxygens. Using the Born-Haber cycle, we examine thermal and optical energies of the hole formation associated with the electron ionization from Mn³⁺, O^2?, and La³⁺ions in the LaMnO₃ lattice. For these calculations, we derive a phenomenological value for the second electron affinity of oxygen in the LaMnO₃ lattice by matching the optical energies of the La⁴⁺ and O^? hole formation with maxima of binding energies in the experimental photoemission spectra. The calculated thermal energies predict that the electronic hole is marginally more stable in the Mn⁴⁺ state in the LaMnO₃ host lattice, but the energy of a hole in the O^? state is only higher by a small amount, 0.75 eV, suggesting that both possibilities should be treated seriously. We examine the energies of a number of fundamental optical transitions, as well as those involving self-trapped holes of Mn⁴⁺ and O^? in the LaMnO₃ lattice. The reasonable agreement of our predicted energies, linewidths, and oscillator strengths with experimental data leads us to plausible assignments of the optical bands observed. We deduce that the optical band near 5 eV is associated with the O(2p)-Mn(3d) transition of a charge-transfer character, whereas the band near 2.3 eV is rather associated with the presence of Mn⁴⁺ and/or O^? self-trapped holes in the nonstoichiometric LaMnO₃ compound.     

The thymine radicals and their respective anions: molecular structures and electron affinities

The adiabatic electron affinities (AEA), vertical electron affinities (VEA) and vertical detachment energies (VDE) are predicted for six different radicals derived from thymine by the removal of one hydrogen atom. Geometry optimizations were carried out utilizing the DFT functionals B3LYP, BLYP and BP86 with double-c quality basis sets plus polarization and diffuse functions (DZP++). These methods have been carefully calibrated for the prediction of electron affinities [RIENSTRA-KIRACOFE, J. C., TSCHUMPER, G. S., SCHAEFER, H. F., NANDI, S., and ELLISON, G. B., 2002, Chem. Rev., 102, 231]. All optimized structures were confirmed to be minima via vibrational frequency analyses. Both the neutrals and the anion radicals were observed to possess C_s, symmetry, conserving the parent molecule's qualitative conformation. The electron affinities ranged between 1.04 and 3.74eV for the different radicals, contrasting to the small electron affinities associated with the closed-shell thymine species. The radicals with a hydrogen atom removed from one of the nitrogens present the largest electron affinities of all six radicals investigated (3.22eV for NI and 3.74eV for N3).     

Electron-stimulated desorption of lithium atoms from oxidized molybdenum surface

The yield and energy distributions of lithium atoms upon electron-stimulated desorption from lithium layers adsorbed on the molybdenum surface coated with an oxygen monolayer have been measured as functions of the impact electron energy and lithium coverage. The measurements are performed using the time-of-flight technique and a surface ionization detector. The threshold of the electron-stimulated desorption of lithium atoms is equal to 25 eV, which is close to the ionization energy of the O 2s level. Above a threshold of 25 eV, the yield of lithium atoms linearly increases with an increase in the lithium coverage. In the coverage range from 0 to 0.45, an additional threshold is observed at an energy of 55 eV. This threshold can be associated with the ionization energy of the Li 1s level. At the electron energies above a threshold of 55 eV, as the coverage increases, the yield of lithium atoms passes through a maximum at a coverage of about 0.1. Additional thresholds for the electron-stimulated desorption of the lithium atoms are observed at electron energies of 40 and 70 eV for the coverages larger than 0.6 and 0.75, respectively. These thresholds correlate with the ionization energies of the Mo 4s and Mo 4p levels. Relatively broad peaks in the range of these thresholds indicate the resonance excitation of the bond and can be explained by the excitation of electrons toward the band of free states above the Fermi level. The mean kinetic energy of the lithium atoms is equal to several tenths of an electronvolt. At electron energies less than 55 eV, the energy distributions of lithium atoms involve one peak with a maximum at about 0.18 eV. For the lithium coverages less than 0.45 and electron energies higher than 55 eV, the second peak with a maximum at 0.25 eV appears in the energy distributions of the lithium atoms. The results obtained can be interpreted in the framework of the Auger-stimulated desorption model, in which the adsorbed lithium ions are neutralized after filling holes inside inner shells of the substrate and lithium atoms.     

光电子成像研究AgOCH3-和Ag-(CH3OH)x (x=1, 2)

用光电子成像技术和从头算法研究Ag^-(CH₃OH)_x (x=1, 2)和AgOCH₃^-. 从AgOCH₃^-振动分辨的光电子谱得 到AgOCH₃^-的绝热和垂直电离能分别为1.29(2)和1.34(2) eV. Ag^-(CH₃OH)_{1,2相似文献}   

Electron capture by HCl trimers: an ab initio study

The structures and energies of three neutrals and four different anions formed by HCl trimers have been examined by theoretical calculations at MP2 and CCSD(T) levels with large basis sets. In order of increasing binding energy for three HCl molecules, the neutrals are: the Y-shaped species, an open chain Z-shaped form and the cyclic C_3h form. Dipole bound anion states are possible for both the Z and Y neutrals, but the DBS of the latter is likely to be short lived. The threshold energies for dissociative attachment (DA) of an electron in the reaction: e^- + (HCl)₃↦ H^• + Cl(HCl)₂^- at the CCSD(T) level are 0.0 and 0.06 eV, respectively for the Y and Z forms. The cyclic species has no dipole moment and does not attach thermal electrons. The structure of the D_3h solvated electron (SE) type trimer anion, was also investigated. Although the structure provides for a high electron affinity (0.33 eV relative to the cyclic trimer) it was unstable and rearranged into a ClH.ClH^•HCl^- (SE(2+1)) species. The latter has an EA of 0.59 eV. Vertical detachment energies were also found for these structures. The EAs and vertical detachment energies of the four HCl anion species are discussed and compared to the corresponding species of HF.     

Electron and hole injection in metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon structures

The kinetics of electron and hole accumulation in metal-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor structures is studied. Experimental data are compared with a theoretical model that takes into account tunnel injection, electron and hole capture by traps in amorphous silicon nitride SiN_x, and trap ionization. Agreement between experimental and calculated data is obtained for the bandgap width E _g = 8.0 eV of amorphous SiO₂, which corresponds to the barrier for holes Φ_h = 3.8 eV at the Si/SiO₂ interface. The tunneling effective masses for holes in SiO₂ and SiN_x are estimated at m _h ^* ≈ (0.4–0.5)m ₀. The parameters of electron and hole traps in SiN_x are determined within the phonon-coupled trap model: the optical energy W _opt = 2.6 eV and the thermal energy W _T = 1.3 eV.     

Non-jellium scaling of metal cluster ionization energies and electron affinities

Experimental literature data on ionization energies and electron affinities of metal clusters are reviewed and analyzed in terms of an expansion in the inverse cluster radius. The coefficient of the finite size correction for ionization energies decreases with increasing bulk work function whereas the corresponding coefficient for electron affinities increases. This sharply contrasts the predictions based both on density functional theory of spherical jellium clusters and on classical electrostatics. A scaling of the coefficient for the ionization potentials with the atomic radius yields a linear behavior which extrapolates to zero around 6 eV.