用于大气化学反应和二次有机气溶胶研究的实验室烟雾箱系统的搭建、测试与初步实验

为了从本质上认识和了解大气氧化反应进程以及二次有机气溶胶的形成机制,设计并搭建了一套实验室模拟烟雾箱系统．将质子转移反应质谱、同步辐射光电离质谱及气溶胶激光飞行时间质谱等特色质谱检测系统与烟雾箱结合,用于大气氧化反应气相和粒子相产物的定量与定性分析．通过一系列表征实验获得了该系统的基本参数,如烟雾箱内温度和光强特征,气体化合物和颗粒物的壁损耗速率,零空气的背景反应性及实验结果的可重复性．臭氧氧化α-蒎烯定量化实验和OH启动异戊二烯光氧化反应的定性检测结果进一步表明了该系统能够满足大气化学反应过程中气相和粒子相化学成分的定性分析及二次有机气溶胶的定量化研究的需要.     

基于极紫外自由电子激光的中性团簇红外光谱

团簇在能源催化和大气雾霾等诸多化学过程中广泛存在,团簇表征与性能研究对诠释化学反应机理至关重要. 然而,中性团簇由于缺乏电荷、难于探测,实验研究非常困难. 鉴于上述情况,发展了基于极紫外自由电子激光的中性团簇红外光谱实验方法,用于质量选择中性团簇的高灵敏探测、结构表征和性能研究. 红外-极紫外衰减和红外+极紫外增强光谱实验方法已被应用于一些中性水团簇和一些中性金属羰基化合物的研究. 由于极紫外自由电子激光的波长范围涵盖了绝大多数中性团簇的第一电离势,这一独特的实验方法为开展各类中性团簇红外谱学和结构的研究打开了大门. 本文综述了这些红外光谱实验方法及其在中性团簇研究中的应用.     

基于极紫外自由电子激光的中性团簇红外光谱（英文）

团簇在能源催化和大气雾霾等诸多化学过程中广泛存在,团簇表征与性能研究对诠释化学反应机理至关重要.然而,中性团簇由于缺乏电荷、难于探测,实验研究非常困难.鉴于上述情况,发展了基于极紫外自由电子激光的中性团簇红外光谱实验方法,用于质量选择中性团簇的高灵敏探测、结构表征和性能研究.红外-极紫外衰减和红外+极紫外增强光谱实验方法已被应用于一些中性水团簇和一些中性金属羰基化合物的研究.由于极紫外自由电子激光的波长范围涵盖了绝大多数中性团簇的第一电离势,这一独特的实验方法为开展各类中性团簇红外谱学和结构的研究打开了大门.本文综述了这些红外光谱实验方法及其在中性团簇研究中的应用.     

氮氧化物与α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯化学反应的激光磁共振研究

以激光磁共振为手段分别在紫外光照射和火花放电条件下观测了α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯与NO/NO₂的化学反应.得到如下结果:α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯在火花放电条件下可与NO/NO₂发生化学反应,α-蒎烯-NO_x体系的反应比β-蒎烯-NO_x体系的反应完全;α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯在紫外光照射下可与NO_x发生不很剧烈的化变反应.所获得的信息对了解大气化学反应及光化学烟雾有着重要的意义.     

气溶胶单粒子粒径的实时测量方法研究

介绍了近期研制的一台实时测量大气气溶胶单粒子粒径和化学成分的仪器在如何测量气溶胶单粒子粒径方面的测量原理及特点，并结合激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱技术，利用该仪器对木屑燃烧产生的烟气气溶胶粒子的实时测量结果. 关键词： 气溶胶粒子 空气动力学粒径测量方法 激光解吸附电离 飞行时间质谱     

α，β— 蒎烯气相臭氧化速率常数的测定

对α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和O3的大气反应进行了初步实验室模拟,利用长光程傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合相对速率法测得在1.0×105Pa,296±3K条件下,α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和O3气相反应的速率常数分别为2.83×1017cm3@molecule-1@s-1和1.48×1017cm3@molecule-1@s.     

SPME-GC-MS分析香叶树叶的挥发性成分

利用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对香叶树的叶片挥发性成分进行研究.共鉴定出25个化学成分,占挥发性总成分的92.55％.香叶树的主要挥发性化学成分是月桂烯(18.15％),β-蒎烯(12.08％),α-蒎烯(11.94％)及β-石竹烯(8.64％)等.     

分光技术在自由电子激光结合里德堡态氢原子飞行时间谱装置中的应用（英文）

木文描述了一种应用于自由电子激光结合高里德堡态氢原子飞行时间谱装置中的分光方法,以及该方法应用于小分子(如H_2S)光解动力学研究中的必要性.拉曼-α辐射(121.6 nm),用作H原子产物探测的激光,是在Kr/Ar气介质中利用四波混频产生的.利用透镜对不同波长的光有不同的折射率,四波混频后的混合光在经过一片离轴的氟化锂透镜后,121.6 nm的激光将会与212.6和84.5 nm在空间上分开.在激光到达反应中心前利用挡板挡住212.6和845 nm的激光,只让121.6 nm的光经过反应中心,从而消除212.6 nm激光产生的背景信号对实验的干扰.结合自由电子激光,成功地研究了H_2S在122.95 nm波长下的光解动力学,采集到了产物时间飞行谱.本文展示了转换得到的产物总平动能谱,解离机理与121.6 nm波长下的结果相似.实验结果显示,该方法成功地解决了分子在VUV波段进行光解动力学研究的难题,消除了这些分子在紫外光波段因为强烈吸收而产生的背景信号.     

α,β-蒎烯气相臭氧化速率常数的测定

对α 蒎烯、β 蒎烯和O3的大气反应进行了初步实验室模拟 ,利用长光程傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合相对速率法测得在 1 0× 10 5Pa,2 96± 3K条件下 ,α 蒎烯、β 蒎烯和O3气相反应的速率常数分别为2 83× 10 17cm3·molecule-1·s-1和 1 4 8× 10 17cm3·molecule-1·s-1。     

激光在不同类型气溶胶中传输特性研究

激光在大气中的传输衰减特性是激光工程应用中需要考虑的一个重要问题.本文针对常用的1.06 μm和10.6μm激光,基于Mie散射理论计算了气溶胶粒子的单次散射参量;对于激光在气溶胶中多次散射传输衰减,建立了蒙特卡罗模拟计算模型,利用Matlab语言编制了相应的计算程序,计算分析了两种波长的激光分别在沙尘性、水溶性、海洋性和煤烟性四种不同类型气溶胶中透过率与传播距离、能见度的关系,并将蒙特卡罗方法和单次散射的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明,当能见度较低、气溶胶粒子反照率较高时,单次散射计算存在很大的误差,用蒙特卡罗方法更能揭示多重散射现象;煤烟性气溶胶对1.06 μm激光的传输衰减影响最大,沙尘性气溶胶对10.6 μm激光的传输衰减影响最大.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.