Determination of the optimum electrical bandwidth for spectral slicing

The implementation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in communication access networks is dependent upon the availability of low cost optical sources. One possible alternative to lasers is to employ slices of a broadband optical source obtained via optical filters, which may be tuneable. This paper considers the behaviour of such a spectrally sliced optical transmission system as a function of the bandwidth of a realistic receiver electrical filter for the first time. The treatment includes distortion from optical fibre dispersion over several kilometres of fibre. The optimum ratio between the electrical bandwidth and the optical bit rate is found to be ~0.6 for a fifth-order Bessel filter     

Millimeter-Wave over Fiber Systems Using Hybrid OCDM/WDM Transmission

In this paper, we propose and simulate 2 OCDM × 4 WDM transmission system for a millimeter-wave (60 GHz) over fiber system to be used in broadband wireless access networks (BWANs). The general system setup is devised and the necessary building blocks identified. Results gathered (for a 155 Mbit/s per user system) under worst case parameter specifications and settings suggest indicate that system performance is severely limited by optical multiuser interference (OMUI) penalties. Several methods to reduce the OMUI limitations are described. These methods should ensure that this transmission scheme possible wavelength-reuse option for future MMW BWANs.     

WDM波长路由光网络的波长分配算法

由于WDM网络中的传输和交换是以波长为粒度进行的。因此波长分配算法就成为光网络的研究热点。有效的算法可大大提高波长的利用率，并可充分挖掘WDM的带宽资源。介绍了WDM全光网络中静态和动态波长分配算法，尤其是结合大型网孔网络详述了几种动态波长分配算法。针对波长变换器在全光网络中的应用。提出了一种可以解决任意类型光网络的分层图算法，它可以一次性解决路由选择和波长分配问题，大大提高了该算法的效率。是未来光网络中非常有前景的一种波长分配算法。     

Robust wavelength division multiplexed local area networks

The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network architectures, in general, are based on transmitters and/or receivers that can be precisely and speedily tuned to predetermined, fixed wavelengths. These requirements are not easy to meet in practice. Robust WDM, the subject of this paper, has been introduced as a technique to implement WDM in the local area. The strength of this novel approach is that it does not rely on wavelength-sensitive devices that are required to perform with extreme stability. This paper describes the basis of this approach and presents two types of medium access control (MAC) protocols that are suitable for Robust WDM local area networks (LANs). The performance of networks based on these protocols is discussed in detail. It is shown that the new approach has considerable promise for WDM networks in the local area.     

WDM-DPSK Systems Based on SOAs in TOSCA Project

Abstract

Using differential phase shift keying, we fully exploit semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for signal amplification in practical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Nx10 Gbit/s unrepeated systems. Record transmission experiments are presented, thus making SOAs a competitive amplification alternative in metro and extended-metro networks.     

Experimental demonstration of polarization multiplexing for simultaneously providing broadband wireless and wired access

A fiber-based wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) network utilizing polarization multiplexing (PolMUX) is proposed to simultaneously provide broadband wireless and wired services. In such a dual-service access network, the wireless and wired services are separately delivered in two orthogonal states of polarization with well independence in a single WDM channel. The impact of several polarization-dependent interferences becomes insignificant due to the relatively short transmission distance in access networks. The feasibility of PolMUX is experimentally demonstrated with a power penalty at BER = 10^-9 of about 0.5 dB and 1 dB for 2.5 Gb/s wired and wireless downstream services, respectively. The proposed system is compatible with the current reported techniques in either WDM passive optical networks (WDM-PON) or radio-over-fiber (ROF) systems.     

Design constraints for wavelength-division-multiplexed filters with minimal side-channel impairment

The design of wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) filters requires control of both the attributes of the filter within the reflection band and the filter's effects on adjacent bands. Causality arguments are used to give the minimum dispersion that can be achieved in the transmission of an adjacent channel in terms of the bandwidth, sidelobe suppression, and channel spacing of WDM filters. The ripple in the side-channel dispersion is also related to the sidelobe properties. Results for a synthesized grating design and its calculated spectrum are compared with the theoretical limits on dispersion.     

Use of WDM technique in SDH networks

This paper proposes the introduction of the multiwavelength technique in the three layers of a SDH-based network. In the trunk layer, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) takes advantage of the optical parallelism in a single fiber. Cross-connection can be achieved either passively (i.e., with tunable filters) or by means of wavelength converters. The latter solution, which offers high flexibility, was implemented in a 4 × 4 optical routing element. In the junction network the feasibility of a three-station WDM self-healing ring was demonstrated. Finally, in the access network, synchronous burst access and time and wavelength division multiplexing (T/WDM) switching is proposed to offer service flexibility to the subscribers.     

具有鲁棒性的矩形窄带滤光片的自动设计

分析了用于WDM光纤通信系统的全介质多腔窄带滤光片的膜系结构特点及其所必须具备的光学特性,提出了一种利用最优化方法的原理,通过计算机寻优来自动完成其膜系设计的方法;构造了合理的评价函数,编制了可自动搜索既满足设计目标、又具有鲁棒性的最优化膜系的计算机程序;使用本程序所设计出的多腔窄带滤光片具有较小的纹波系数和较好的矩形度,可满足WDM光纤通信系统对其分波/复波器的要求.     

光相位共轭色散补偿波分复用系统的传输带宽

导出了光相位共轭器（DPC）接于常规单模光纤链路中点的色散补偿波分复用（WDM）系统传输带宽的估算公式，并用数值仿真的结果验证了公式的正确性；采用不对称接入光相位共轭器提高传输带宽的方法，导出了光相位共轭器接入位置对传输带宽影响的估算公式，利用公式估算和数值仿真的结果表明，当光相位共轭器处于最佳接入位置时，色散补偿的波分复用系统的传输带可以提高近一倍。     

Self-equalization of energies of solitons in transmission systems by guiding filters

In this paper, the regulating effect of guiding filters on the energies of solitons in wave-length division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems is rigorously studied. More precisely, it is shown that guiding filters prevent the energies of solitons from decaying to zero in long distances. This goal is achieved by studying a mathematical model of the evolution of energies of solitons in transmission systems. The approach is mathematical and does not use numerical or experimental results available in the literature; nevertheless, it reaffirms such results.     

All‐optical virtual private network in passive optical networks

We review recent progress on all‐optical virtual‐private‐network (VPN) schemes in passive optical networks (PONs). PON is a promising candidate in future access areas to provide broadband services with low cost. With all‐optical virtual private network (VPN) function, PON can support efficient internetworking among end users with dedicated optical channels, thus enabling guaranteed bandwidth and enhanced security at the physical layer. Here, we discuss and compare existing schemes of all‐optical VPNs in time‐division‐multiplexed (TDM) PONs, and also recently proposed schemes for deployment in wavelength‐division‐multiplexed (WDM) PONs and two‐stage TDM/WDM PONs.     

Tbit/s超大容量光纤通信系统的研究进展

Tbit/s超大容量光纤传输系统促进了光纤通信技术的发展。综述了采用波分复用技术(WDM)、光时分复用技术(OTDM)和WDM/OTDM混合方式的Tbit/s超大容量光传输系统的研究现状、技术实现方式及研究的最新进展。对各种传输系统的优缺点进行了评价,对Tbit/s光纤通信系统的前景作了展望。     

Multichannel silicon WDM ring filters fabricated with DUV lithography

We have fabricated 9-channel silicon wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) ring filters using 193 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography and investigated the spectral properties of the ring filters by comparing the transmission spectra with and without an upper cladding. The average channel-spacing of the 9-channel WDM ring filter with a polymeric upper cladding is measured about 1.86 nm with the standard deviation of the channel-spacing about 0.34 nm. The channel crosstalk is about −30 dB, and the minimal drop loss is about 2 dB.     

Acoustooptic cells with nonuniform length of light-sound interaction

Diffraction of light by acoustic waves that are generated in the acoustooptic cells of piezoelectric transducers with complex geometry is studied. The diffraction by acoustic beams with triangular, quadrangular (rhombic), hexagonal, etc., cross sections, when the lengths of light-sound interaction in the cross-sectional area of the light beam are different, is considered in the plane wave approximation. The difference in the length of interaction affects the instrument function of acoustooptic devices and provides the suppression of the side lobes in their transmission function. The advantages of using cells with complex-geometry transducers in tunable acoustooptic filters that are incorporated into fiber-optic communication lines with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are discussed.     

光通信中的光电子器件讲座第四讲 光通信中的波分复用技术及关键器件的原理和应用

通信业务的爆炸式发展，使得通信网络对传输容量要求急剧提高。WDM（wavelength divsion multiplexing）技术是增加系统容量的有效方法。文章介绍了光通信中波分复用技术的基本原理和特点以及波分复用技术中所用的关键器件－波分复用器／解复用器。     

On the optically transparent WDM ATM multicast (3M) switches

We describe an architecture design and implementation of the optically transparent wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) asynchronous-transfer-mode (ATM) multicast (3M) switch for all optical high-speed networks. By using the WDM techniques, the wire complexity in both the switch fabric and the concentrator can be reduced from O(N²) to O(N). By using integrated photonic devices and highly parallel processing and pipeline control electronic circuits the switch is handling signals at the cell level (53 bytes) instead of at the bit level and can achieve very high speed and high throughput operation. Several key components, including a cell synchronizer, a photonic VCI over-writting unit, a wavelength converter, an optical concentrator, and a WDM memory, have also been proposed to realize this 3M switch. All of the photonic devices are highly integratable and are very suitable for building future large-scale, low-cost photonic ATM switches. A combination of both the ATM and WDM techniques will provide an ultimate version for optical networking with almost unlimited capacity.     

波分复用薄膜带通滤光片的中心波长温度稳定性

讨论了影响波分复用薄膜滤光片中心波长漂移的因素 ,着重分析了滤光片的温度稳定性。根据实验结果 ,借助于高桥模型 ,分析计算了滤光片的折射率温度系数、线膨胀系数和泊松比以及它们对温度漂移的影响。得到了Ta2 O5/SiO2 滤光片薄膜的折射率温度系数、线膨胀系数、泊松比分别为 1× 10 -5℃-1,5× 10 -7℃-1和 0 12 ,指出了这三个参量是影响温度稳定性最重要的因素 ,特别是薄膜的折射率温度系数。对特定的基板热膨胀系数 ,通过调节滤光片的干涉级次和间隔层材料 ,可望得到零温度漂移的稳定滤光片。     

Employing injection-locked Fabry–Perot laser diodes to improve bidirectional WDM–PON performances

We proposed and demonstrated a bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)–passive optical network (PON) employing injection-locked Fabry–Perot laser diodes (FP LDs) at both transmitting sites, and adaptive filters at both receiving sites. Injection-locked FP LDs, a particularly inexpensive option, are used to replace the conventional distributed feedback (DFB) LDs in WDM–PON. Adaptive filters are attractive because they can track the variations and compensate the nonlinear distortions. Transmission performance over 20 km of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) was investigated. Improved performance of bit error rate (BER), better and clear eye diagram were achieved in our proposed WDM–PON.