A New Filter Technique for Image of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometric Fringe

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边缘双轮廓线阴影去除研究

为去除阴影对运动目标检测的影响,在传统基于颜色空间特性的阴影检测法基础上,综合边缘特征进行快速双轮廓阴影去除。通过前景物体的轮廓线形状特征及阴影与光源之间投影位置关系快速找到阴影定位点,在定位点附近轮廓线上结合灰度及颜色特性进行有针对性的搜索,找阴影与物体的交界点位置,标记为阴影的外轮廓线;根据外轮廓线长度和位置,求出S空间与之相对应内轮廓线,此时的外轮廓线包围阴影区域。最后,对该封闭的不规则阴影轮廓线进行基于像素点的校正和标记,并对物体反光面的自阴影进行H空间去除,得到更精确的去阴影效果。实验结果表明,该方法快速且有针对性的锁定阴影区域进行阴影去除,避免物体区域误检测,有较好的实时性和准确性。     

A Novel Edge Filter Demodulation Technique by Using High Birefringence Fiber Sagnac Loop Mirror

A novel way of edge filter demodulation for fiber Bragg grating sensor is put forward. A high birefringence fiber Sagnac loop mirror is used as edge filter to demodulate FBG sensor wavelength shift in range of about 8 nm.     

An Efficient Procedure to Identify and Quantify New Molecules for Insulating Gas Mixtures

In this contribution, a new procedure to systematically identify and quantify novel molecular gases with low global warming potential for application in high voltage insulation as gas mixtures is presented. The attention is focused on highly efficient procedures to be able to scan a large number of candidate gases. To identify new molecules, we derived an empirical correlation between the electric strength of a gas and certain molecular properties, like polarizability or dipole moment, which can be calculated by means of density functional theory. The swarm parameters of these pre‐selected molecules in mixtures with buffer gases is then quantified, using a newly set‐up Pulsed Townsend experiment. The setup operates with a high degree of automation to enable systematic evaluation of gas mixtures not to miss possible synergistic effects. Key element of this PT setup is a new photocathode that works with a high quantum efficiency and long lifetime even when exposed to reactive species during the measurements. Moreover, for an automated operation it is important to know precisely in which range the experiment can be operated, i.e. for example to know up to which electron density space charge effects can be neglected. Finally, the measured swarm parameters need to be translated into breakdown voltage strengths of different electrode arrangements and different applied voltage wave shapes. For this, a model of the the streamer to leader transition in SF6 will be applied to other strong electronegative gases in future studies to test if the model is universally valid. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于PCF-LPG的差分算法实现对光纤传感器的噪音消除

为了有效消除光源抖动及系统不稳定因素给光纤传感器带来的噪音干扰,提高光纤传感器的准确度,本文提出了一种基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的差分算法.利用光子晶体光纤长周期光栅良好的温度稳定性及宽光谱滤波特性,同时监测位于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅透射谱正负斜率线性区域内的两个信号功率变化.这两个信号是经同一路径到监测设备的,包含光...     

基于PCF-LPG的差分算法实现对光纤传感器的噪音消除

为了有效消除光源抖动及系统不稳定因素给光纤传感器带来的噪音干扰,提高光纤传感器的准确度,本文提出了一种基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的差分算法.利用光子晶体光纤长周期光栅良好的温度稳定性及宽光谱滤波特性,同时监测位于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅透射谱正负斜率线性区域内的两个信号功率变化.这两个信号是经同一路径到监测设备的,包含光源抖动以及系统其它不稳定因素带来的噪音干扰,对这两个信号进行差分处理即可有效消除噪音干扰,并将其应用于光纤环镜温度传感器.结果表明:通过基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的差分处理,在光源功率变化±10%的情况下,差分值基本保持不变,由此获得的温度测量值与真实值相对误差分别为0.04和0.03|与未引入差分算法相比,传感器准确度从约76%提高到约97%.本文提出的基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的差分算法可以有效消除光纤传感器内功率抖动所带来的噪音干扰,大大提高系统的准确度.     

A Chemosensing Ensemble for the Detection of Cysteine Based on the Inner Filter Effect Using a Rhodamine B Spirolactam

A fluorescent chemosensing ensemble for the detection of cysteine is designed based on the fluorescence inner filter effect. The method employs the coordination of Cu²⁺ ion with salicylaldehyde rhodamine B hydrazone (I), a colorless and non-fluorescent rhodamine B spirolactam derivative to form I-Cu(II), a pink color but weakly fluorescent complex. When rhodamine B was introduced to the I-Cu(II) complex solution, the fluorescence signal of rhodamine B is dramatically decreased because of the fluorescence inner filter effect (IFE). Upon adding cysteine to the above solution, it can complex preferentially to Cu²⁺ compared to I, and the I-Cu(II) complex dissociates, which thus decreases the fluorescence IFE of the solution, and in turn leading to the fluorescence increase of the chemosensing system. Based on the above mechanism, a fluorescent chemosensing ensemble for cysteine is developed. The fluorescence increase is linearly with cysteine concentration up to 10.0 μ mol L⁻¹, with a detection limit of 1.4 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ (3σ). The optimal conditions of the proposed method were studied and the selectivity of the proposed method was investigated in this paper.     

多酚与蛋白质相互作用的荧光内滤效应校正方法的选择

用荧光猝灭法研究猝灭剂与荧光供体的相互作用时,内滤效应会使分析结果不准确,需加以校正,其中物理与化学方法存在操作复杂、耗资大等缺点,而数学方法简便快捷,较易推广使用。采用荧光光谱法分析酚类物质与蛋白质的相互作用时内滤效应明显,然而目前针对酚类物质与蛋白质作用的荧光校正,国内外鲜见报道。以柿单宁级分(PT40)、A型连接ECG二聚体和EGCG为多酚化合物的代表,以中华眼镜蛇磷脂酶A₂(PLA₂)为蛋白模型,比较了四种数学公式的校正结果,以经典Stern-Volmer回归方程的K值、线性相关性及截距为评价标准,优选一种适用于多酚物质与蛋白质作用的荧光校正方法,并以PT40-PLA₂为例,分析校正前后的差异。结果表明,用Gauthier等建立的数学公式进行校正后,K值有所降低,线性相关性变好且截距更接近于1,此外用该式对PT40-PLA₂体系进行荧光校正后PT40与PLA₂相互作用的结合常数仅为校正前的60%,且对两者相互作用力类型的判断更加准确,推断该式更适合于多酚与蛋白质作用的荧光内滤效应校正。     

New Operator Ordering Formulas Related to Hermite Polynomials Derived by Virtue of IWOP Technique

By virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators and the fundamentaloperator identity Hn(X) = 2n : Xn :, where X is the coordinate operator and Hn is the n-order Hermite polynomials,:: is the normal ordering symbol, we not only simplify the derivation of the main properties of Hermite polynomials,but also directly derive some new operator identities regarding to Hn(X). Operation for transforming f(X) → :f(X) :is also discussed.     

New Operator Ordering Formulas Related to Hermite Polynomials Derived by Virtue of IWOP Technique

By virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators and the fundamental operator identity Hn(X)=2^n : X^n :, where X is the coordinate operator and Hn is the n-order Hermite polynomials,: : is the normal ordering symbol, we not only simplify the derivation of the main properties of Hermitc polynomials, but also directly derive some new operator identities regarding to Hn(X). Operation for transforming f(X) → : f(X) :is also discussed.     

New Operator Identities and Combinatorics Studied by Virtue of IWOP Technique

Using the coherent state representation we derive some new operator identities and study some mathematical relations in combinatorics. The technique of integral within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators plays an essential role in realizing our goal.     

物理场防除积垢节能技术

化工生产过程换热设备积垢的防除一直是普遍存在且难以解决的问题，目前采用的防除积垢的方法是化学法或化学与机械相结合的方法，它们都有各自的不足之处，文章在调查国内外关于物理场防除积垢节能技术研究成果的基础上，较详细地介绍了该技术的原理和应用现状，并展望了今后的发展方向。     

温控共振频率可调谐窄带F-P干涉滤波器

报道了一种由温度控制,共振频率可调谐的窄带F-P干涉滤波器.该F-P干涉滤波器的自由光谱区为13.6 GHz,透射带宽(透射峰半高处线宽)约为541 MHz.通过控制其温度变化,改变F-P干涉滤波器两端面间距,可使共振透过F-P干涉滤波器的激光频率连续调谐.实验测得当激光频率与F-P干涉滤波器共振时,透射率可达82%,同时与共振频率相差2 GHz～10 GHz的激光可被该F-P干涉滤波器反射掉,反射率达99.3%-99.7%.当控制温度波动小于4-0.005℃时,透射过F-P干涉滤波器的激光功率波动小于2.5%.     

网格基任向偏导实现及层析应用

将光线偏折方程中的任向偏导转化为数值差分形式,并应用于层析线性运算.网格化待测场,将微分待测场的每一正方形网格及相应折射率近似为曲面底的正圆锥体,圆锥体顶端的折射率值对应该网格的折射率,在底面的投影对应网格的中心.假设紧邻三网格中心间的折射率分布共平面,在一个网格宽度内将偏导转化成数值差分形式.结果发现：基于上述近似和假设,可以将任意探测光线相关的偏导转化为数值差分形式,将非线性偏导方程转化为线性差分方程,建立层析方程.于是,偏折角可以作为投影直接重建.     

楔角参量对角度调谐滤光片反射特性影响的光谱学研究

三端口可调谐滤波器是全光智能交换网络和密集波分复用系统中的核心器件。其反射端口的光谱特性,尤其是反射率和信道隔离度对于滤波器的性能至关重要。角度调谐滤光片因其良好的矩形度和温度稳定性被广泛应用于三端口可调谐滤波器的制备,其反射端口的光谱特性不仅与倾斜入射角度的大小有关,而且与其非平行端面间的楔角参量有关。文章详细分析了楔角参量对非平行角度调谐滤光片的反射率及半宽的影响,仿真计算了楔角参量在不同极性和大小条件下角度调谐滤光片的反射光谱特性,揭示了保持适当的楔角参量和方向性可以改善倾斜入射状态下滤光片的反射光谱特性。设计并制备了楔角为0.8°的楔形角度调谐滤光片,实验证明了当保持楔角方向与倾斜入射方向相同时会严重的劣化透反射光谱的半宽和隔离度,方向相反时则可以改善反射光谱的反射率和半宽指标。通过负楔角参量的引入使得角度调谐滤光片较之高平行度的同类器件具有更高的反射率和信道隔离度。     

一种基于PCA和Hough变换的类星体自动识别方法

确定类星体的红移是类星体识别的一个重要目标。由于过去类星体发射谱的静止发射谱模板主要靠天文学家的先验知识得到 ,因此采用模板匹配的方法效果一般不太理想。本文的主要工作有以下二个方面 :(1 )选用了主分量分析方法构造类星体静止发射谱的模板 ,这样 ,模板来源于实际光谱 ,而不是依赖于天文学家的推断 ,因此更加接近实际情况 ;(2 )用二维Hough变换来自动确定红移值。尽管理论上来说 ,只有一个红移参数需要确定 ,但观测发现 ,在大多数情况下发射峰的强度同时发生了变化 ,故在Hough变换中加入强度比例因子作为另一个参数 ,这样可有效提高正确识别率。实验证明 ,本文所提出的方法是可行的 ,正确识别率可达 90 %左右。     

LCVR和AOTF的光谱偏振测量新策略

现有利用液晶相位可变延迟器(LCVR)和声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)的偏振测量方法较为繁琐,故提出了一种光谱偏振测量新策略,去除了机械运动,并且相位延迟量的选取从四组减少为两组。采用两个LCVR和一个AOTF,通过两个相同型号探测器分别测量±1级衍射光,实现光谱偏振测量。电脑控制LCVR和AOTF的驱动系统分别实现所需相位延迟量和波长选择,通过扫描射频驱动整个频段得到被测光的光谱信息。叙述了方法的具体原理,分析了AOTF的偏振模型,通过理论计算LCVR和AOTF的Muller矩阵,推导出了相应的斯托克斯(Stokes)矢量中的I,Q,U的测量公式。分析并仿真了相位延迟量微小偏差对整个系统测量误差的影响,结果显示相位延迟量在±π/100范围内相对误差<3%。实验验证了测量系统的可行性和准确性,测量误差总体<6%。为偏振测量提供了一种简单可行且精度较高的新方法,具有重要的应用价值。     

可见-近红外漫反射光谱技术对羊毛和羊绒的鉴别研究

应用可见-近红外漫反射光谱技术对甘肃不同地区的130个羊毛和羊绒样品进行定性鉴别研究。结果表明：采用主成分-马氏距离聚类判别分析法,羊毛和羊绒样品界线;主成分回归分析技术结合多元离散校正、一阶导数等预处理方法,以及最佳主成分因子为8、不确定因子为1.00等参数,建立的定性鉴别模型预测性能较好,外部验证正确率为100%。说明利用可见-近红外漫反射光谱定性分析技术可以快速鉴别羊毛和羊绒。     

A New Method for Separation of Waves in Improving the Conventional SHPB Technique

We present a new wave separation method to enable the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） technique to break through the limitation of the length of the incident bar and greatly to increase its measurable maximum strain. At the same time the dispersion effect of the elastic wave is significantly reduced. The fundamental principle of the new method is proven rigorously. The feasibility and credibility of the new method are also verified by experiments.