Effect of Magnetic Carrier NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles on Physicochemical and Catalytic Properties of Magnetically Separable Photocatalyst TiO2/NiFe2O4

A series of magnetically separable photocatalyst TiO₂/NiFe₂O₄(TN) with different mass ratios of NiFe₂O₄ to TiO₂ was prepared by sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL) were used to characterize the photocatalyst TN. The XRD patterns of TN indicate that adulterating a smidgen of NiFe₂O₄ into TiO₂(about 0.1%, mass ratio) can promote the phase transformation of TiO₂, however, when the doped amount of NiFe₂O₄ surpasses 1%, the introduction of NiFe₂O₄ can inhibit the growth of TiO₂ crystal grain and reduce the size of TiO₂ crystal grain. The XPS results of TN indicate that some Fe³⁺ replace Ti⁴⁺ of the TiO₂ lattice forming Fe―O―Ti bonds. The PL analysis of TN shows that the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in photocatalyst TN play the role of the effective recombination centre of the photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the decrease in photocatalytic activity.     

TiO2/Ag2O纳米材料的制备及其对甲醛的气敏性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Ag的TiO2纳米晶粉体. 用XRD、TEM和BET方法对纳米晶的晶型﹑晶粒大小和表面性能进行了表征. 分析结果显示, 相同条件下掺杂Ag的TiO2比纯TiO2纳米材料具有更大的比表面积. 气敏性能测试结果表明, 掺杂Ag的TiO2传感器对甲醛有较好的灵敏度和更高的选择性.当焙烧温度为500 ℃, 掺杂Ag的摩尔比为5%(n(AgNO3)/n(Ti(OC4H9)4)=5%)时, TiO2对甲醛气体敏感性能最好. 在最佳工作电流124 mA下, 该元件对10 μL·L-1 HCHO的灵敏度S 接近4, 它的响应时间不超过1 s, 恢复时间为9 s.     

Au/CeO2/Y和Au-MFe2O4催化剂用于有氧条件下CH4还原NOx的研究

以CeO2／Y分子筛和MFe2O4(M=Ni,Co，Zn)为载体，制备Au／CeO2／Y和Au-MFe2O4负载型金催化剂．用CH4做还原剂，考察了它们在有氧条件下催化还原NOχ的活性．结果表明：在Au-Y中引人助剂Ce，使得Au／CeO2／Y的催化活性高于Au／Y；Au-CoFe2O4的催化活性高于Au-Fe2O3，反应温度为300℃时，NOχ在Au-CoFe2O4上的转化率达到39．70%．     

负载型锰氧化物催化剂催化NH3选择性还原NOx

使用浸渍法制备了Mn/TiO2,Mn/Al2O3,Mn/ZrO2,Mn-Y(Y=Ce,Fe,Ni,Co)/TiO2催化剂,用XRD,BET对催化剂进行了表征,同时在模拟NH3选择性还原NOx的反应条件下对催化剂的活性和选择性进行了考察.结果表明,载体的性质明显影响了Mn氧化物催化剂的活性,其中Mn/TiO2催化剂具有更佳的催化NH3选择性还原NOx的催化活性;Ce,Fe等其他金属的添加显著提高了Mn/TiO2催化剂的催化活性;随着Mn-Ce负载量的增加,Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂的活性有显著提高.     

MoO3/TiO2 和WO3/TiO2 光催化分子氧氧化甲烷的活性

以Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ法制备的、表面积和孔径相近的含水ＭｏＯ３／ＴｉＯ２、ＷＯ３／ＴｉＯ２为催化剂,光催化分子氧氧化甲烷,初步研究表明,催化剂的活性高于ＴｉＯ２,且有少量的甲醇生成。     

CeO2/TiO2 Monolith Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3: Influence of H2O and SO2

The influences of H₂O and SO₂ on CeO₂/TiO₂ monolith catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ were investigated. In the absence of SO₂, H₂O inhibited the SCR activity, which might be ascribed to the competitive adsorption of H₂O and reactants such as NH₃ and/or NO_x. SO₂ could promote the SCR activity of CeO₂/TiO₂ monolith catalyst in the absence of H₂O, while in the presence of H₂O it speeded the deactivation. During the SCR reaction in SO₂-containing gases, Ce(III) sulfate species formed on the catalyst surface, resulting in the enhancement of Brønsted acidity. This played a significant role in the enhanced SCR activity. However, in the presence of both H₂O and SO₂, a large amount of ammonium-sulfate salts formed on the catalyst surface, which resulted in the blocking of catalyst pores and deactivated the catalyst. In addition, the NO_x conversion was more sensitive to gas hourly space velocity in the presence of H₂O than in the absence of H₂O. The relatively high space velocity would result in a higher formation rate of ammonium-sulfate salts on per unit catalyst in the presence of H₂O and SO₂, which caused obvious deactivation of Ce/TiO₂ monolith catalyst.     

偏硼酸锶/碳酸锶复合催化剂光催化还原CO2生成CH4的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出SrB₂O₄和SrCO₃复合催化剂(SrB₂O₄/SrCO₃). 紫外光催化还原CO₂生成CH₄的实验证明, SrB₂O₄/SrCO₃复合催化剂的光催化活性已超过SrB₂O₄和TiO₂(P25)催化剂. 利用X 射线电子衍射(XRD)谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和等温氮气吸附-脱附分析确定了催化剂的晶相结构、粒子尺寸和比表面积.利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的价带谱和荧光光谱(PL)确定了催化剂的能带结构, 结果表明: SrB₂O₄/SrCO₃复合催化剂异质结构有利于光生载流子的分离, 从而抑制了光生电子和光生空穴的复合, 提高了光生电子和光生空穴在固液界面参加光催化反应的利用率. 因此, SrB₂O₄/SrCO₃复合催化剂的紫外光催化活性得到了有效的提高.     

A Novel Ag3PO4/Ag/Ag2Mo2O7 Nanowire Photocatalyst: Ternary Nanocomposite for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared via an in situ precipitation method. The as-prepared Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ nanocomposite included Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles (NPs) as well as Ag NPs assembling on the surface of Ag₂Mo₂O₇ nanowires. Under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), the Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ composite degraded rhodamine B (Rh B) efficiently and showed much higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure Ag₃PO₄, Ag₂Mo₂O₇, or Ag₃PO₄/Ag₂Mo₂O₇. It was elucidated that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Ag₃PO₄/Ag/Ag₂Mo₂O₇ for the degradation of Rh B under visible light could be ascribed to the high specific surface area, the extended absorption in the visible light region resulting from the Ag₃PO₄/Ag loading, and the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes through the ternary heterostrucure composed of Ag₃PO₄, Ag and Ag₂Mo₂O₇.     

混合钴源对Co-Pd/TiO2催化剂催化CH4-CO2两步梯阶转化法合成乙酸的性能影响

以混合钴源为前驱体, 采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co-Pd/TiO2催化剂, 考察了其对CH4和CO2梯阶转化直接合成乙酸的催化性能, 采用XRD, XPS, NH3-TPD和BET对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 催化剂具有适宜的表面酸性、 高比表面积和孔结构, 有利于提高催化剂的活性. 在m(CoCl2)∶m=2∶5, m(Co)∶m(Pd)=2∶1, 常压, 150 ℃条件下, 乙酸的生成速率达到6.13 mg·g-1Cat·h-1, 选择性达到 81.6%, 分别比以单一Co源制备的催化剂提高了134%和16%.     

负载型纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合载体负载SO4^2-催化剂的制备与催化性能研究

分别采用沉淀法,水解法和溶胶凝胶法制备了负载型纳米TiO2/Al2O3复合载体,同时在复合载体表面负载SO42-制成SO42-/TiO2/Al2O3固体酸催化剂,并将此催化剂用于α-蒎烯异构化反应中.用XRD、FTIR,TPD等手段对催化剂的晶相结构、比表面积、孔径分布、表面酸性等进行了表征.结果表明,三种方法所制备的催化剂均为纳米级且拥有着丰富而规则的孔结构,水解法制备的SO42-/TiO2/Al2O3催化剂中TiO2的平均粒径(10.0 nm)较小,比表面积(172.88 m2/g)较大,平均孔径为3.926 nm,表面酸中心数和酸强度均高于沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备的催化剂,在α-蒎烯催化异化反应中的具有较高的活性,α-蒎烯转化率为82.76%.     

Effects of SO2 Treatment of Commercial Catalysts on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3

Nitrogen oxide(NO_x) emitted from stationary and mobile sources is a major air pollutant. Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x over a catalyst is a main technology for NO_x elimination. Catalysts used for practical applications would be deactivated in flue containing SO₂. In this work, three typical commercial catalysts were investigated before and after SO₂ treatment. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescene(XRF), temperature programme reduction(TPR), temperature programme desorption(TPD) and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared(DRIFT) techniques. Results showed that SO₂ treatment significantly influenced the performance of V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst. The amount of V₂O₅ in the catalyst primarily affected the accumulation of sulfur species in the SO₂atmosphere. The performance of catalysts with small amounts of V₂O₅ could be improved under the same experimental conditions for acidity enhancement.     

Performance and Kinetics Studies on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over MnOx-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst

The catalytic activities of MnOx-WO3/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH3 were investigated in a wide range of temperature and reaction condition.It yielded a NOx conversion of 80.3%-99.6% and a N2 product selectivity of 100%-98.7% during 100 °C to 350 °C at gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)=18900 h-1.In the presence of 0.01% SO2 and 6% H2O at 120 °C,the NOx conversion can maintain 98.5%.At 300 °C and with 0.07% SO2 in reactant stream,the NOx conversion stabilized at 99% as high as the commercial V-W/TiO2 catalyst's level.The steady-state kinetics study shows that O2 played a promoting role.In the presence of less than 1.5% O2,NOx conversion can increase sharply with the increase of O2 concentration.The reaction order was zero with respect to NH3 and first with respect to NO with excess O2 and H2O.The kinetics active energy(Ea) of Mn-W/TiO2 was calculated to be 6.24 kJ/mol according to the kinetic experiment at various temperatures,much lower than those of other catalysts reported in the literature.Mn-W/TiO2 is an excellent catalyst for SCR of NO with NH3 by now.     

富氧条件下Cu/Al2O3催化剂上C3H6选择性还原NO的研究

以Cu/Al2O3为催化剂,对富氧条件下C3H6为还原剂选择性催化还原NO反应进行了研究.活性评价结果表明,与高活性的Ag/Al2O3催化剂相比,Cu/Al2O3催化剂选择性还原NO的活性较低,NO的最高转化率仅为40%.在所考察的温度范围(473～723K)内,红外谱图中不存在有机含氮化合物(R—ONO和R—NO2)的特征振动吸收峰.作为反应中间体—NCO的前驱体,有机含氮化合物在Cu/Al2O3催化剂表面难以生成是造成催化剂选择性还原NO活性低的直接原因.在Cu/Al2O3催化剂上,NO2吸附能够优先发生,并以NO3-物种的形式覆盖在大部分催化剂表面.动态原位红外光谱实验发现,这种NO3-表面物种与C3H6的反应性较差,使生成有机含氮化合物的关键反应难以发生,但此时的催化剂表面有利于C3H6和O2的完全氧化反应,这是导致Cu/Al2O3催化剂选择性较低的根本原因.     

固载杂多酸盐催化合成苯甲酸正戊酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 为多相催化剂 ,对以苯甲酸和正戊醇为原料合成苯甲酸正戊酯的反应条件进行了研究 .实验表明 :TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 是合成苯甲酸正戊酯的良好催化剂 .最佳反应条件为 :醇酸物质量比为 4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的 1.5 % ,反应时间为 2 .5h .上述条件下 ,苯甲酸正戊酯的产率可达 96 .7% .     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成己酸异戊酯

报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO4为多相催化剂，通过己酸和异戊醇反应合成了己酸异戊酯，探讨了TiSiW12O40/TiO4对酯化反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了醇酸摩尔比，催化剂用量，反应时间诸因素对收率的影响，实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO4是合成己酸异戊酯的良好催化剂，在n(醇）：n(酸）＝1．6：1，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1．5％，反应时间45min，使用环己烷为带水剂的适宜条件下，己酸异戊酯的收率可达91．9％。     

复合光催化剂Er2O3/TiO2的制备及其性能的研究

以钛酸丁酯和Er2O3为原料，无水乙醇为溶剂，硝酸为抑制剂，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了Er2O3／TiO2复合催化剂，利用XRD对其进行了表征。讨论了Er2O3的添加量、热处理温度和时间对Er2O3／TiO2活性的影响；研究了溶液pH值、溶液浓度、光照时间等对Er2O3／TiO2光催化降解酸性红B的影响，以30W 365nm紫外灯为光源光照2-3h，酸性红B的光催化降解率达96％以上。Er2O3／TiO2光催化降解酸红性B的反应符合一级反应动力学。     

CuOx/TiO2光催化水蒸气还原CO2

以商品TiO2-P25为原料,通过浸渍法负载一定量过渡金属Cu,得到一系列不同含量的CuOx/TiO2光催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）,X－射线光电子能谱（XPS）,BET,高分辨率透射镜（HRTEM）,X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和光致发光光谱（PL）等方法对催化剂进行了详细表征,在自建的光催化反应器中评价了气态水光催化还原CO2反应的活性和CH4收率。结果表明负载CuOx后的TiO2纳米材料光催化性能显著提高,其中1%CuOx/TiO2样品紫外光照72 h后,CH4生成量达到了24.86 µmol•gTi-1。同时,CuOx负载量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对CH4收率均有显著影响。     

SO_2和H_2O对CeO_2/TiO_2/堇青石催化剂选择催化还原NO_x性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了以堇青石为基底、氧化铈为活性组分的整体式脱硝催化剂CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂。通过与商业钒基催化剂(V2O5-WO3/TiO2/堇青石)的对比研究发现,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂表现出了优良的抗硫抗水性能,经过30 h抗硫抗水实验,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂的氮氧化物转化率仍能保持在70%以上,仅下降了5%。BET、XRD、FT-IR和TG表征结果表明,在含硫含水气氛中反应时,CeO2/TiO2/堇青石和V2O5-WO3/TiO2/堇青石催化剂表面均有硫酸铵盐的生成,且前者的生成量明显低于后者。NH3-DRIFT分析结果表明,在含硫含水气氛中两种催化剂表面Brnsted酸性都被增强,而Lewis酸性有所减弱。进一步的XPS分析结果表明,烟气中的SO2+H2O会使催化剂表面Ce4+向Ce3+发生转化,从而导致化学吸附氧含量增加,这是CeO2/TiO2/堇青石催化剂具有优良抗硫抗水性能的重要原因。     

Enhanced Visible Light Irradiation Photocatalytic Performance of MgFe2O4 After Growing with ZnO Nanoshell and Silver Nanoparticles

MgFe₂O₄ implanted with ZnO and silver nanoparticles has been successfully synthesized. The formation mechanism of the core~shell structured Ag/ZnO /MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles was investigated. The efficacy of degradation of an organic dye was compared under the visible light irradiation with the individual components (MgFe₂O₄ , ZnO , and Ag). The structure of Ag/ZnO /MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles was established from detailed structural analyses using a vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD ), selected area electron diffraction (SAED ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM ), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS ), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ). Ag/ZnO /MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles showed a saturation magnetization (M _s) of 44 emu/g. It is seen from the results that ZnO is coated on the surface of MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, and Ag nanoparticles are attached to the edge of the ZnO /MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticles were found to be spherical with appropriate structures. The electron transfer mechanism greatly enhances the rhodamine B (RhB ) degradation rate, which is illustrated and discussed in detail. The obtained Ag/ZnO /MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were photostable and magnetically recyclable with potential application in the degradation of organic pollutants.     

磁性AgBr/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

水热法结合原位沉淀法成功制备新型磁性溴化银/磷酸银/铁酸锌(AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄)复合催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、能量色散X射线、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其晶相结构、组成、形貌及吸光性能进行了表征。在可见光照射下,所制备的AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B (RhB)的活性优于Ag3PO4/ZnFe₂O₄、AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄和P25 TiO₂。在酸性和碱性溶液中,AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄光催化剂呈现出优良光催化性能。在AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄体系中,光催化降解RhB的速率随着反应体系温度的升高而增大,由阿伦尼乌斯方程计算获得反应体系活化能为31.9 kJ·mol^-1。AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合材料优异的可见光催化活性归因于光生电荷的有效分离,所产生的超氧自由基和空穴是RhB降解的主要活性物种。