Stability of Couette flow of liquids with power law viscosity

The stability of the Couette flow of the liquid with the power law viscosity in a wide annular gap has been investigated theoretically in this work with the aid of the method of small disturbances. The Taylor number, being a criterion of the stability, has been defined using the mean apparent viscosity value in the main flow. In the whole range of the radius ratio, R _i /R _o and the flow index, n, considered (R _i /R _o 0.5, n = 0.25–1.75 ), the critical value of the Taylor number Ta _c is an increasing function of the flow index, i.e., shear thinning has destabilizing influence on the rotational flow, and dilatancy exhibits an opposite tendency.In the wide ranges of the flow index, n > 0.5, and the radius ratio, R _i /R _o > 0.5, the wide-gap effect on the stability limit is predicted to be almost the same for non-Newtonian fluids as for Newtonian ones. The ratio on the critical Taylor numbers for non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids: Ta _c (n) and Ta _c (n = 1) obey a generalized functional dependence: Ta _c (n)/Ta _c (n = 1) = g(n), where g(n) is a function corresponding to the solution for the narrow gap approximation.Theoretical predictions have been compared with experimental results for pseudoplastic liquids. In the range of the radius ratio R _i /R _o > 0.6 the theoretical stability limit is in good agreement with the experiments, however, for R _i /R _o < 0.6, the critical Taylor number is considerably lower than predicted by theory.     

Natural frequencies of viscous liquids in rectangular tanks

Summary A procedure for calculating natural oscillating frequencies of viscous liquids in rigid rectangular tanks is suggested together with diagrams for obtaining the values by means of dimensionless coefficients.Experimental results are compared with the theoretical ones and are found to be in good agreement.

---

Sommario Si propone uno schema per il calcolo delle frequenze naturali di oscillazione di liquidi viscosi contenuti in serbatoi rettangolari rigidi e si riportano diagrammi mediante i quali è possibile individuare, attraverso coefficienti adimensionali, i valori di tali frequenze.Si confrontano i risultati di una indagine di laboratorio con quelli ottenuti teoricamente, evidenziando la buona concordanza.

---

     

Turbulent flow of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids through a sudden axisymmetric expansion

 Measurements are reported for the turbulent flow through a sudden expansion of a moderately elastic shear-thinning liquid and also for two Newtonian liquids. The differences in the mean velocity fields for the two fluid types are relatively small, including the length of the recirculation region which is essentially unaffected by the fluid rheology. Although turbulent kinetic energy levels for the non-Newtonian fluids are always lower than for the Newtonian fluids, no significant difference is found in the relative contributions to the turbulent kinetic energy of the axial, radial and tangential normal stresses. Since the vorticity thicknesses are much the same for all flows, viscoelasticity appears to be responsible for the reduced levels of turbulent kinetic energy for the non-Newtonian fluids. Received: 6 November 1998/Accepted: 27 January 1999     

Lubricated and nonlubricated squeezing flow of a double layered array of two power law liquids

Force-time relationships of a double-layered array of two power law liquids in squeezing flow at a constant displacement rate were generated with a computer. As in the case of a single layer, lubrication, or lack of it, has the strongest influence on the magnitude of the forces and the flow pattern. Transient flow regimes that were prominent in the behavior of Newtonian liquid arrays in lubricated squeezing flow were also found in the behavior of the power law liquids. Their prominence was influenced by the liquid's flow index and it was drastically magnified as the differences in the liquid's consistency increased.     

Modelling of solids distribution in stirred tanks: analysis of simulation strategies and comparison with experimental data

The predictive capabilities of CFD techniques as applied to solid–liquid stirred vessels are investigated. The distribution of solid particles was simulated in three baffled stirred tanks agitated with single and multiple impellers. Suspensions of glass beads of different diameters and average concentration up to 6?vol. % in water were studied. The simulations of solid–liquid suspensions in the stirred vessels were performed by using fully predictive approaches. Eulerian multiphase models were adopted for modelling the solid–liquid flow, coupled with three different extensions of the standard k-? model to the case of multiphase flows. The simulated particle axial concentration profiles are compared with experimental data and critically discussed. The most successful simulation strategy and one possible implementation are described.     

The hydrodynamic and thermal characterization of a yield stress fluid in stirred tanks equipped with simple helical ribbons with two stages

The objective of this paper is to characterize the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of yield stress fluids within a cylindrical agitated vessel equipped with simple helical ribbon stirrers (SHR) (one and two-stages) by means of the numerical simulation approach. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamic simulation using the 3D finite volume technique has been carried out to solve the continuity, momentum and thermal energy equations. In this study, we have analyzed the Oldroyd and Reynolds numbers effects on the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors for the two mentioned stirrers types. In addition, the influence of the impeller width and its clearance from the vessel wall on the velocity and thermal fields has been investigated. Velocity and thermal fields’ visualization has been presented in different (r–z) and (r–θ) planes. Moreover, the power constant and Nusselt number are correlated by a relationship relating the physical properties and the geometric ratios defining the SHR.     

Slow motion of a power law liquid drop in another immiscible power law liquid

Summary Previous work on the slow translatory motion of drops, with clean interface, in non-Newtonian media has been briefly reviewed. The velocity and stress variational principles are employed to estimate upper and lower bounds on drag force experienced by a power law fluid sphere moving slowly in another stationary immiscible power law fluid. The upper and lower bounds are reasonably close to each other in the range 1n0.4 but deviate increasingly as the fluid becomes more and more non-Newtonian. The results reported herein contain several prior results as special cases.

---

Schleichende, mischungslose Bewegung eines Flüssigkeitstropfens mit Potenzgesetz in einer anderen Flüssigkeit mit Potenzgesetz

Übersicht Zunächst wird ein kurzer Überblick früherer Arbeiten zur schleichenden Translation von Tropfen in nicht-Newtonschen Flüssigkeiten gegeben. Danach werden die Variationsprinzipe für die Spannungen und Geschwindigkeiten angewendet, um obere und untere Schranken für die Widerstandsk raft abzuschätzen für den Fall, daß eine Flüssigkeitskugel mit Potenzgesetz sich schleichend und mischungsfrei in einer anderen, ruhenden Flüssigkeit mit Potenzgesetz bewegt. Obere und untere Schranken liegen befriedigend dicht beieinander für den Exponentenbereich 1n0.4, divergieren aber zunehmend mit wachsender Abweichung vom Newtonschen Verhalten. Mehrere frühere Ergebnisse sind in den hiesigen als Sonderfälle enthalten.

     

Dynamics of a Taylor bubble in steady and pulsatile co-current flow of Newtonian and shear-thinning liquids in a vertical tube

A computational analysis is carried out to ascertain the effects of steady and pulsatile co-current flow, on the dynamics of an air bubble rising in a vertical tube containing water or a solution of Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in water. The mass fraction (m_f) of CMC in the solution is varied in the range 0.1% ⩽ m_f ⩽ 1% to accommodate zero-shear dynamic viscosities in the range 0.009–2.99 Pa-s. It was found that the transient and time-averaged velocities of Taylor bubbles are independent of the bubble size under both steady as well as pulsatile co-current flows. The lengths of the Taylor bubbles under the Newtonian conditions are found to be consistently greater than the corresponding shear-thinning non-Newtonian conditions for any given zero-shear dynamic viscosity of the liquid. In contrast to observations in stagnant liquid columns, an increase in the dynamic viscosity of the liquid (under Newtonian conditions) results in a concomitant increase in the bubble velocity, for any given co-current liquid velocity. In shear-thinning liquids, the change in the bubble velocity with an increase in m_f is found to be relatively greater at higher co-current liquid velocities. During pulsatile shear-thinning flows, distinct ripples are observed to occur on the bubble surface at higher values of m_f, the locations of which remain stationary with reference to the tube for any given pulsatile flow frequency, while the bubble propagated upwards. In such a pulsatile shear-thinning flow, a localised increase in dynamic viscosity is accompanied near each ripple, which results in a localised re-circulation region inside the bubble, unlike a single re-circulation region that occurs in Newtonian liquids, or shear-thinning liquids with low values of m_f. It is also seen that as compared to frequency, the amplitude of pulsatile flow has a greater influence on the oscillating characteristics of the rising Taylor bubble. The amplitude of oscillation in the bubble velocity increases with an increase in the CMC mass fraction, for any given value of pulsatile flow amplitude.     

Solitons and conservation laws of Klein–Gordon equation with power law and log law nonlinearities

This paper obtains the conservation laws of the Klein–Gordon equation with power law and log law nonlinearities. The multiplier approach with Lie symmetry analysis is employed to obtain the conserved densities. The 1-soliton solutions are subsequently used to compute the conserved quantities from the conserved densities. Later the perturbation terms are added and the conservation laws of the perturbed Klein–Gordon equation are studied.     

Flow of a power law fluid in an annulus with porous walls

Summary The steady flow of a power law fluid in annuli with porous walls is investigated. The solution for the axial velocity component is obtained as a power series in terms of the cross flowReynolds number, the first term of the series giving the solution for the case of the solid wall annulus. The cross flow is restricted to be such that the rate of injection of fluid at one wall of the annulus is equal to the rate of suction at the other wall and also we have considered only very small values of the cross flow velocity. The velocity profiles are drawn for different values ofn and for different gaps and the results are discussed in detail. The behaviour of the average flux, in different eases is also discussed.

---

Zusammenfassung Das stationäre Strömen einer dem Potenzgesetz gehorchenden Flüssigkeit in Ringkanälen mit porösen Wänden wird untersucht. Die Lösung für die axiale Geschwindigkeitskomponente ergibt sich als eine Potenzreihe in der Form derReynolds-Zahl für die Querströmung, wobei der erste Term der Reihe die Lösung für den Fall eines Ringkanals mit undurchlässiger Wand ergibt. Die Querströmung ist dadurch beschränkt, daß die Injektionsgeschwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit an der einen Wand des Kanals genau so groß ist wie die Absaugungsgeschwindigkeit an der anderen Wand. Ebenso werden nur sehr kleine Werte der Querströmungsgeschwindigkeit untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeitsprofile werden für verschiedene Werte vonn und für verschiedene Spaltweiten angegeben. Die Ergebnisse werden ausführlich diskutiert. Ebenso wird das Verhalten der mittleren Strömung für die verschiedenen Fälle diskutiert.

     

On the power law of decay of grid turbulence

Fluid Dynamics - The power-law dependence used to approximate the experimental data in the initial section of decay of turbulence in a flow behind grids is analyzed using results published in the...     

Study of shear-thinning/thickening effects on plane Couette-Poiseuille flow with uniform crossflow

The shear-thinning/thickening effects on the plane Couette-Poiseuille flow with a uniform crossflow are studied. The detailed solution procedures for both theo- retical and numerical purposes are given. In order to clarify the difference between the Newtonian flow and the power-law flow, all cases of the plane Couette-Poiseuille flows with uniform crossflows for different power indexes are assigned to the phase diagram in the parameter plane corresponding to the Couette number and the crossflow Reynolds number. The effects of shear-thinning/thickening on the phase diagram are discussed. An important feature of the shear-thinning circumstance distinguished from the shear- thickening circumstance is discovered.     

具有幂率速度移动表面边界层问题解析近似解

利用微分方程相似变换,摄动渐进展开和Padé逼近方法对幂率速度移动表面边界层问题进行了研究,得到了问题的解析近似解,对相应的流动特性进行了探讨.