Electron Impact Induced Fragmentation of Aromatic Alkoxyimines II [5]. Formation and Transformation of Heterocyclic Radical Cations in the Gas Phasea

 The molecular ion 1 of N-(n-propoxy)benzaldimine I rearranges by an 1,5-H-shift to the δ-distonic ion 2 which subsequently cyclizes to the α-distonic ion 3. Homolytic cleavage of the N–O bond in 3 results in the δ-distonic ion 4 which expels CH₂O leading to the β-distonic ion 5. Ion 5 is also formed from the molecular ions of tetrahydrooxazines II and III and from M^+• of phenylazetidine IVa. In a subsequent step, ion 5 cyclizes to the N-protonated 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium ion 6. The syntheses of II–IV and their derivatives are described.     

Electron Impact Induced Fragmentation of Aromatic Alkoxyimines II [5]. Formation and Transformation of Heterocyclic Radical Cations in the Gas Phase<Superscript>a</Superscript>

Summary.  The molecular ion 1 of N-(n-propoxy)benzaldimine I rearranges by an 1,5-H-shift to the δ-distonic ion 2 which subsequently cyclizes to the α-distonic ion 3. Homolytic cleavage of the N–O bond in 3 results in the δ-distonic ion 4 which expels CH₂O leading to the β-distonic ion 5. Ion 5 is also formed from the molecular ions of tetrahydrooxazines II and III and from M^+• of phenylazetidine IVa. In a subsequent step, ion 5 cyclizes to the N-protonated 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium ion 6. The syntheses of II–IV and their derivatives are described. Corresponding author. E-mail: wolfgang.wiegrebe@chemie.uni-regensburg.de Received February 12, 2002; accepted (revised) April 9, 2002 RID="a" ID="a" Dedicated to Prof. Dr. J. Knabe, Saarbrücken, Germany     

Elucidation of Mercury Ion Binding Property of a New Aryl Amide Type Podand by Electrochemical and Fluorescence Measurements

Abstract

A new aryl amide type podand (AAP), 1,8-bis(o-amidophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane, was synthesized and its mercury ion binding property was elucidated by electrochemical and fluorescence measurements. The effects of supporting electrolyte, pH and scan rate on the electroreduction of AAP and on cyclic voltommogram of mercury ion were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was observed that the complex formation between AAP and mercury ion exhibited pH-dependent behavior in different electrolyte solutions. Elucidation of such properties makes the AAP intriguing candidates as a modifying agent in sensor application for determination of mercury ion in mixture of aqueous solution.     

Syntheses,crystal structures and magnetic properties of heteronuclear bimetallic compounds of [Cu(pdc)2][M(H2O)5]·2H2O [M=Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II); pdc=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylato]

The complexes [M(H₂O)₅][Cu(pdc)₂]·2H₂O [M=Ni(II) 1, Co(II) 2, Mn(II) 3; pcd=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylato] are prepared and their crystal structures, magnetic susceptibilities and UV-Visible properties reported. In all cases, the Cu(II) ion occupies the chelating site in the pdc ligand, while the M(II) occurs as a pentaaqua ion bridged to the [Cu(pdc)₂] moiety through a carboxylate as demonstrated by both UV-Visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows the three complexes to be isostructural. Weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions are observed in 1 and 3, while the magnetic behavior of 2 is dominated by single ion anisotropy.     

Synthesis,NMR, and Computational Study of 1,2-Diethyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropenylium Hexachloroantimonate

Preparation and ¹³C NMR identification of 1,2-diethyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropenylium hexachloroantimonate (4) is described. The assignment of the NMR data was corroborated by calculating ¹³C NMR chemical shifts of the corresponding model ion 4M. The total stabilization of the parent cyclopropenylium ion 1 substituted by the silyl and the two methyl groups is found to be only slightly lower than stabilization of the trimethyl derivative. The computed NICS(1) parameters reveal that all of the examined ions possess substantial aromatic character.     

对羟基苯乙酸铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及与DNA作用

合成了两种过渡金属配合物[M(HPAA)(phen)2]HPAA.7H2O(M=Zn,1;Cu,2;HPAA-=对羟基苯乙酸根;phen=1,10-邻菲啰啉),并通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析对其进行表征,用单晶X-射线衍射方法测定了配合物的晶体结构。结构分析显示,两种配合物属于异质同晶型,不对称单元都是由1个金属离子,2个对羟基苯乙酸根离子,2个邻菲啰啉分子和7个游离的水分子组成的,其中有1个对羟基苯乙酸根离子未参与配位。每个金属离子的配位数为6,处于扭曲的八面体配位环境中。另外,用荧光光谱法研究了两种配合物与DNA之间的相互作用。     

Understanding the Charge Issues in Mono and di-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds for Their Determination by LC/ESI-MS/MS

Chromatographers often develop problems while optimizing a method for the quantification of quaternary ammonium compounds in ESI-MS/MS. Intransigency observed in quaternary ammonium compounds to undergo the classical molecular adduct formation [M+H]⁺ in ESI-MS/MS reduces confidence among chromatographers while working with unit mass resolution. In this study, we provide the evidence for an exceptional rule followed by mono- and di-quaternary ammonium compounds in ESI-MS/MS in the precursor ion formation. Under ESI conditions mono- and di-quaternary ammonium compounds form molecular ions with the formula of m ^q / z ^q rather than ( m + z )/ z . Formation of m ^q / 2 is observed for di-quaternary ammonium compounds in precursor ion scan and m ^q / 1 in product ion scan, if loss of one of the quaternary charge occurs during CID. In di-quaternary ammonium compounds, this process can also result in the formation of fragment ions with higher mass as compared to precursor ion. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic separation has been used to demonstrate the elution of quaternary ammonium compounds in a single run in the ESI-MS/MS. This work concludes that the analyst must realize and consider these charge issues while dealing with positively charged compounds in LC/ESI-MS/MS.     

Application of the Salicylate Ion Electrode for the Monitoring of the Electroreduction of Salicylic Acid

Abstract

An ion selective electrode is described for measuring the unreacted salicylate ion concentration during the electroreduction of salicylic acid. Conditions for making measurements are discussed.     

两个基于三嗪衍生物和主族金属的一维配位聚合物

本文作者采用2-羟基-4,6-二(2-吡啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪在室温下分别与氯化钠和氯化钙反应,得到了2种配合物[Na(OBPT)(H2O)].2H2O(1)和[Ca(OBPT)(H2O)2Cl].H2O(2),并通过元素分析、红外、热重分析、粉末衍射和单晶衍射等方法对其结构进行了表征。单晶结构表明化合物1属于正交晶系的Pbca空间群,化合物2属于三斜晶系的P1空间群。2个化合物都是一维链状结构,配体作为桥连配体采用三齿螯合和单齿配位的模式与2个金属配位。其中,化合物1中相邻2个配体的三嗪环几乎垂直,而化合物2中相邻2个配体的三嗪环则基本是共面的。     

Selective detection of F− by chromogenic tetrazole receptor

A chromogenic anion host 4, containing two amide functionalities linked to azo dye and tetrazole rings, was synthesised and its complexes with various anions were investigated. The results show that receptor 4 can recognise selectively biologically important F^?  ion. The binding affinity for F^?  was investigated by naked-eye colour change, UV–vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Addition of F^?  ion in CH₃CN and Dimethyl sulfoxide to receptor 4 causes a change in colour of the solution from colourless to yellow. The stoichiometry for host:anion is 1:1. Furthermore, receptor 4 was used as an ion carrier in ion-selective membrane electrodes. Selectivity of this membrane was studied towards various anions in water solution. Binding behaviour of receptor 4 towards several anions (Cl^? , F^? , Br^? , I^? ) has been investigated using density functional theory calculations.     

Potentiometric Measurements with A New Solid State Cadmium Ion Selective Electrode

Abstract

A new solid-state cadmium ion selective electrode is evaluated. Interference effects are considered and the electrode is used to detect the endpoint in titrations of cadmium ion in water and in dimethylsulfoxide.     

The Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Ions by Differential Pulse Polarography

Abstract

A previously reported method for the determination of nitrite ion has been extended to include nitrate ion. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite by a cadmium column and the nitrite ion determined as diphenylnitrosamine. Cadmium interference is removed by pH adjustment and the use of KDTA.     

Perimedine-linked rhodamine dye in visual sensing of Al3+, Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions in aqueous organic medium under different experimental conditions

ABSTRACT

Perimedine labelled rhodamine dye 1 has been designed and synthesised. Metal ion binding studies of 1 have been performed in CH₃CN/H₂O (3:1, v/v, 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 6.90). Compound 1 senses multiple metal ions such as Al³⁺, Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ by exhibiting turn on fluorescence and colour change (colourless to pink) under different experimental conditions. Concentration variation distinguishes Al³⁺ from Fe³⁺ ion. At low concentration (c = 1 x 10^?4 M), only Al³⁺ ion can exhibit turn on fluorescence with sharp colour change. Sensing of Fe²⁺ ion through turn on fluorescence and colour change has been possible via in situ oxidation by following Fenton’s reaction.     

Complexation of fluoride anion and its ion pairs with alkali metal cations by tetra-substituted lower rim calix[4]arene tryptophan derivative

Abstract

Selective binding of fluoride anion and its alkali metal cation ion pairs by a fluorescent calix[4]arene (L) derivative bearing tryptophan moieties was studied in acetonitrile at 25 °C. It was found that LF^? and LF₂^2? complexes were formed and their stability constants were determined by means of UV and ¹H NMR titrations. Both amide and indole NH groups were involved in the stabilisation of the fluoride complexes, i.e. L afforded two anion-binding sites. ¹H NMR titrations provided evidence of simultaneous complexation of both Na⁺ cation and fluoride anion resulting in the formation of a ternary NaLF complex. In this ion pair complex, the Na⁺ cation was most probably bound primarily by the calixarene ether and amide oxygen atoms, whereas the indole NH groups interacted with the fluoride ion. A highly favourable ion pairing between Na⁺ and F^– in acetonitrile was studied using potentiometric measurements. The results pointed out the importance of fluoride pairing with alkali metal cations in aprotic organic solvents and the necessity of taking these reactions into account in the course of speciation studies of such solutions.     

大环金属铜(II)、镍(II)配合物的模板合成与晶体结构

用模板法合成了1个大环金属铜(II)配合物[CuLCl₂]·3H₂O (1)和3个大环金属镍(II)配合物[NiLCl₂] (2)，[NiL](ClO₄)₂ (3)和[NiLH₂](ClO₄)₄ (4)(L=3,10-二乙基-1，3，5，8，10，12-六氮杂十四烷)，通过X-射线衍射单晶结构分析测定了它们的晶体结构。晶体结构显示：配合物1和2的金属离子与大环配体的4个氮原子及大环平面轴向的2个氯离子以八面体配位方式配位；配合物3和4的金属离子与大环配体的4个氮原子以平面正方形配位方式配位，配合物4的侧链氮原子的质子化导致侧链结构翻转，使得其侧链与大环平面共面。     

Theoretical design of a fluorescence sensor with configuration-transformed metal ion recognition of aza-18-crown-6

A novel configuration-transformed metal-ion-recognizing fluorescent molecular sensor was designed. The ground state geometries of the free ligand L(L₁, L₂)and their metal ion complex L/Mⁿ⁺ have been investigated theoretically by density functional theory (DFT). The interaction of L and a series of alkaline earth metal ions have been carried out by the natural bond orbital (NBO) and mayer bond order. The calculated results reveal that the metal ion Sr²⁺ has strong interaction with the free ligand L. The excited states, absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra of the free ligands L₁, L₂ and their complexes L/Mⁿ⁺ were performed by the time-density functional theory (TD-DFT). The UV-vis results show that the absorption peak of L₂/Sr²⁺ has an obvious change compared with that of L₂, which indicates that the free ligand L₂ can specifically identify the metal ion Sr²⁺. Furthermore, L₂/Sr²⁺ is superior fluorescent molecular sensor compared with other molecules.     

Ion Channel Sensor

ABSTRACT

The ion channel sensor is reviewed. The concept and sensing principle of this kind of sensor are briefly discussed. The fabrication of the sensing membrane and the application of the ion channel sensor in electroanalytical chemistry are evaluated. The future developing direction is also anticipated.     

STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH IMINODIACETATO AND IMIDAZOLE OR RELATED LIGANDS. I. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AQUA(IMIDAZOLE) (IMINODIACETATO)COPPER(II) MONOHYDRATE AND (IMIDAZOLE)(N-CARBOXYMETHYL-D,L-THREONINATO)COPPER(II)

Abstract

The crystal structures of two mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes having iminodiacetate(2-) (IDA) or N-carboxymethyl-D,L-threoninato(2-) ion (CMT) as terdentate ligands and imidazole (ImH) as an N-heterocyclic ligand are reported. Both compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with Z = 8. Aqua(imidazole)(iminodiacetato)copper(II) monohydrate (I,R = 0.065, R _w = 0.075) consists of H₂O molecules and [Cu(IDA)(ImH)(H₂O)] complex units in a hydrogen bonding network. The structure of imidazole(N-carboxymethyl)-D,L-threoninatocopper(II) (IV, R = 0.066, Rω 0.078) is built up of hydrogen bonded polynuclear chains. In both compounds the Cu(II) ion exhibits a flattened and distorted square-based pyramidal coordination, with a terdentate aminoacidate ion, IDA or CMT, and one ImH ligand at the base and H₂O (in I) or the oxygen atom of the OH side chain from one adjacent CMT ion (in IV) as the fifth apical ligand. The nearly coplanar conformation of the two five-membered chelate rings in I and IV is discussed in connection with the known structure of corresponding aquacomplexes (with H₂O instead of ImH) and the ability of terdentate aminoacids to give ternary Cu(II) complexes having two N-heterocyclic donors (2 ImH or one 2,2′-bipy) per Cu(II) atom.     

A Possible Explanation as to Why Ions in Aqueous Solutions Do Not Extract

Abstract

Evidence is obtained to show that the ion-dipole bond between an ion and the water molecule adducts surrounding it is stronger than the bond between the ion and the organic phase molecules. The water adducts cannot be displaced and the system remains hydrophilic and resists extraction.