荧光光度法直接测定环境水中的苯酚和苯胺

了用荧光分光光度法通过控制酸度直接测定环境水中苯酚和苯胺两种水中污染物的新方法。在ｐＨ＝１时，直接测定苯酚的含量，波长为λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝２７０／２９７ｎｍ，检出限为４．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０～３．２μｇ／ｍＬ。在ｐＨ＝１２时，直接测定苯胺的含量，波长为λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝２８０／３４０ｎｍ检出限为４．３ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０～２．０ｕｇ／ｍＬ，回收率达９９～１０１％。     

溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定痕量苯胺

本实验制定了以溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）为捕收剂，捕收苯胺与ＮａＮＯ＿２重氮化并与Ｒ盐（２－萘酚－３，６－二磺酸钠）偶合而成的有色染料，以正丁醇为有机溶剂的溶剂浮选吸光光度法测定痕量苯胺的方案。其表观摩尔吸光系数可达６．４４×１０~６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ~（－１）·ｃｍ~（－１），测定浓度为４．９７６·１０~（－３）μｇ／ｍＬ的苯胺，５次测定的相对标准偏差为３％。     

水中苯胺类化合物的分光光度法测定

提出3种测定水中苯胺类化合物的分光光度法，在氢氧化钠介质（PH＝12．2）中，邻甲氰基苯酚、8－羟基喹啉和1－萘酚均可与苯胺形成偶氮化合物，它们的最大吸收波长分别位于452、482和497nm处，与传统的N－（1－萘基）乙二胺光度法相比，这3种方法测定苯胺更方便，快速、灵敏，线性范围更宽；它们的检出下限分别为8．6、10、14μg/L；线性范围分别为0－5．6、0－4．8和0－3．2mg/L。这3种方法用于测定环境水样中的苯胺类化合物，均获得了满意的结果。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定环境水样中苯胺

基于在乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液介质中,痕量苯胺能灵敏地阻抑过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚绿褪色。研究了该阻抑褪色反应的最佳条件及动力学参数,建立了测定痕量苯胺的方法。该法的线性范围为0~45.0μg.L-1,检出限为4.30μg.L-1。用于环境水样中痕量苯胺的测定,结果的RSD值在2.35%~3.78%之间,回收率在95.8%~103.6%。     

苯胺极谱测定新方法及其机理研究

苯胺是环境污染物对人体有一定毒害并可致癌，印染和制药厂排放废水含苯胺尤多，通常用条乙二胺偶氮光度法测定．该法用于测定有色或含酚量高的工业废水时，程序复杂，周期长［1］．用导数示波极谱法测定操作繁琐，酚类干扰严重［2］．我们在实验中发现，苯胺在酸性介质中...     

A Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Propoxur

A simple spectrophotometric technique is reported for the determination of propoxur using the coupling complexing agents namely 2-amino, 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dimethoxy aniline. The u max observed for these coloured complexes were at 402 and 460 nm respectively. The recoveries of propoxur pesticides obtained using the above procedure were reported in their formulations, water and food grains.     

快速测定植物样品含碘量的新方法

确定了植物样品测碘时快速,简便地制备分析试液的方法,并用水氧化放大反应比色法测定了分析试液中碘的含量。该法测碘的线性范围是０．０２－０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．０１７ｍｇ／Ｌ;用于植物样品碘含量分析时,ＲＳＤ≤４．７％,加标回收率为９２％－１１０％。     

水溶苯胺蓝褪色光度法测定庆大霉素及妥布霉素的研究

在酸性条件下,水溶苯胺蓝(ABWS)与硫酸庆大霉素(GEN)或硫酸妥布霉素(TOB)反应,生成离子缔合物,使水溶苯胺蓝溶液褪色,其最大褪色波长分别位于606nm(GEN)和608nm(TOB);在0～1.2×10-5mol·L-1(GEN)和0～1.5×10-5mol·L-1(TOB)的浓度范围内遵从比耳定律;表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)分别为2.21×104L·mol-1·cm-1(GEN)和3.10×104(TOB)L·mol-1·cm-1。本法已用于市售药物及人体尿液中庆大霉素及妥布霉素含量的测定,结果满意。     

Determination of Aniline Derivatives in Water Samples by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with On-Line Flow Injection Preconcentration

An on-line SPE-HPLC method using a cigarette filter as the sorbent was developed and applied to analyze the aniline derivatives in water samples. A preconcentration column packed with cigarette filters was used to replace a conventional sample loop on the injector valve of an HPLC for on-line SPE. With the consumption of a 7.5 mL sample solution, the enhancement factors ranged from 287 to 349 in comparison with direct injections of 20 μL sample solution. The detection limits (S/N = 3) for preconcentration of 7.5 mL of sample solution ranged from 0.27 to 5.46 μg/L at a sample throughput of 6 samples per hour.     

A New Extraction Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Phenol in Water

The product of the reaction among phenol, sodium nitroprusside and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in an alkaline solution can be extracted by chloroform in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide(CPB), on the basis of which a new extraction spectrophotometric method for the determination of phenol in water is developed. The optimum determination wavelength is 720 nm. The molar absorptivity is 1.05×105 mol-1·L·cm-1 and the detection limit is 4.0 μg/L. For 30.0 and 60.0 μg/L standard solutions, the relative standard deviations are 4.5% and 2.2%, respectively(n=6). F values of the statistical analysis show that there is no notable difference between the proposed method and 4-AAP method. The results of the standard addition method for the natural water samples are satisfactory.     

Electrochemical Reduction Behavior and Polarographic Determination of Methoxy Triazine Herbicides in Environmental Samples

The electrochemical reduction behavior of 1,3,5-triazine herbicides, Atraton (AN), Prometon (PN), Secbumeton (SN), and Terbumeton (TN) at mercury electrodes was studied in aqueous Britton Robinson buffer (BR) solutions by using different voltammetric techniques. The nature of the electrode process was examined. Number of electrons involved in the reduction process of all the four compounds was evaluated and a reduction mechanism was proposed. The electrolysis products were separated and identified by IR spectra. For analytical purposes, BR buffer of pH 4.0 was chosen as working medium for all the four analytes. The detection limits were found to be 1.5 × 10^?8 mol l^?1, 2 × 10^?8 mol l^?1, 2.8 × 10^?8 mol l^?1, and 1 × 10^?8 mol l^?1 for AN, PN, SN, and TN, respectively. A differential pulse voltammetric method was developed for the determination of these compounds in agricultural formulations, water, and soil samples. The interference from the ions and other herbicides were also evaluated.     

顺序注射荧光分析方法测定环境水中的镁

1引言镁是动物体内所必需的元素之一。研究灵敏、快速、准确的测量环境中镁离子方法,对于了解地理环境与生命体动态平衡有重要意义。以镁离子在弱碱性条件下与8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸形成1∶1的络合物为基础,结合顺序注射进样技术,建立了顺序注射荧光光度分析环境水中镁离子的方法。     

环境试样分析

本文是《分析试验室》的定期评述中‘环境试样分析’的第６篇评论，它评论了从１９９６年１月至１９９７年１２月期间我国环境试样分析的进展，包括综述、大气分析、水分析、废水和沉积物分析、生物样品分析和有机污染物分析，引用了参考文献６２０篇。     

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide and its application in environmental samples

A sensitive spectrophotometric method based on the evolution of CS₂ and colour development by leuco crystal violet is described for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides, e.g. thiram, ziram and zineb. Dithiocarbamate fungicides release CS₂ on acid hydrolysis. This CS₂ is absorbed in ethanolic sodium hydroxide and forms xanthate. The xanthate formed is subsequently treated with potassium iodate and N-chlorosuccinimide, during which free iodine is liberated. Crystal violet dye was formed through selective oxidation of leuco crystal violet by liberated iodine, which has an absorbance maxima at 595 nm. The colour systems obey Beer's law in the range of 0.02–0.20, 0.02–0.24 and 0.04–0.32 ppm for thiram, ziram and zineb respectively. The molar absorptivity of the colour system were found to be 9.6×10⁵, 1.1×10⁶ and 6.8×10⁵±100 l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for thiram, ziram and zineb respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of these dithiocarbamate fungicides in various environmental samples.     

A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Arsenic in Environmental and Biological Samples

Abstract

A simple and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of arsenic using azure B as a chromogenic reagent. The proposed method is based on the reaction of arsenic(III) with potassium iodate in acid medium to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine bleaches the violet color of azure B and is measured at 644 nm. This decrease in absorbance is directly proportional to the As(III) concentration, and Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.2–10 µg ml^?1 of As(III). The molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection limit, and quantitation limit of the method were found to be 1.12×10⁴ l mol^?1cm^?1, 6.71×10^?3 µg cm^?2, 0.02 µg ml^?1 and 0.08 µg ml^?1, respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of arsenic in various environmental and biological samples.     

螯合树脂分离-硼氢化钾还原法测定环境水样中的砷

本文应用401螯合村脂在合适酸度下吸着阳离子的性质,研究了对砷(Ⅲ)、(Ⅴ)、锑(Ⅲ)、铋(Ⅲ)、锡(Ⅱ)、锗(Ⅳ)、硒(Ⅳ)的吸着行为;讨论了氢化发生-分光光度法测砷时二甲基甲酰胺-乙醇胺(简称DMF)对砷化氢的吸附问题。建立了一种用螯合树脂分离铜(Ⅱ),铅(Ⅱ)、铬(Ⅲ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锑(Ⅲ)铋(Ⅲ)、锡(Ⅱ)、硒(Ⅳ)等于扰离子、用硼氢化物还原测定碑的新方法。本法可用于测定地面水、地下水、工业废水及工业废渣浸出液等环境水样中的砷。     

环境样品中四环素类抗生素的检测技术*

抗生素的大量生产及滥用所造成的环境污染近年来引起国内外极大关注,其中环境样品中痕量抗生素的检测一直是分析工作者致力解决的问题 ,而国内的相关报道较少。四环素类抗生素是临床上重要的一类抗感染药物,在畜牧业及水产养殖业中广泛应用,对环境造成潜在威胁。本文总结了四环素类抗生素的基本性质,介绍了被该类抗生素污染环境样品（如土壤、水样）的采集和储存及样品前处理技术,综述了环境样品中该类抗生素检测技术的研究进展,并探讨了这一领域存在的问题及可能的发展方向。     

直接进样-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中的5种苯胺类化合物

建立了直接进样测定生活饮用水及其水源水中5种苯胺类化合物(苯胺、3-硝基苯胺、4-硝基苯胺、2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯胺和六硝基二苯胺)的液相色谱-串联质谱法。水样经0.22μm 聚醚砜滤膜过滤后直接进样,目标化合物在 HSS T3色谱柱上经梯度洗脱,于4 min 完成分离,多反应监测模式检测。5种苯胺类化合物在各自线性范围内线性良好,相关系数 R≥0.995。方法的检出限为0.773~1.88μg/ L(S/ N =3),定量限为2.58~6.27μg/ L(S/ N=10);峰面积的日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.8%~1.9%和3.3%~4.9%;样品加标回收率为84.1%~105.0%,加标样品的 RSD 为1.0%~3.1%。应用本方法对35份水样进行了分析。结果表明,本方法准确、灵敏、快速,适用于生活饮用水及其水源水的常规分析,可为苯胺类化合物的污染评价提供技术支持。     

Electrocatalytic Determination of Hydroxylamine in the Presence of Thiosulfate in Water and Wastewater Samples Using a Nanostructure Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

In this research, we report the preparation of a high sensitive voltammetric sensor for electrocatalytic determination of hydroxylamine (HX) in the presence of thiosulfate (TS). We describe the synthesis and characterization of CdO nanoparticles (CdO/NPs) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. At an optimum condition, the two peaks are separated ca. 0.58 and 0.92 V for HX and TS at the surface of the proposed sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of HX exhibited two linear dynamic ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.06 µmol L^?1. The propose sensor was used for determination of HX in water samples.