Determination of Indole-3-acetic Acid and Abscisic Acid by Double-Direction Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method for the separation and purification of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid based on double-direction dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. The reverse-direction dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure was very efficient in the purification of the hormones. The forward-direction dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure was very efficient in the enrichment of the analytes. Under optimum conditions, a linear response was observed over the ranges of 0.2 µg/g to 200.0 µg/g for indole-3-acetic acid and 0.1 µg/g to 200.0 µg/g for abscisic acid, with correlation coefficients of 0.9967 and 0.9983. The limits of detection for indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid were 0.02 µg/g and 0.01 µg/g. The recoveries by standard addition were 91.4% and 88.6% for indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid with corresponding relative standard deviations of 4.5% and 6.1% (n = 5). The developed method was used for the preconcentration and determination of indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana, and satisfactory results were obtained.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水稻中生长素及其氨基酸结合物

建立了同时测定水稻中吲哚-3-丁酸(IBA)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)及其7种氨基酸结合物的液相色谱-串联质谱( HPLC - MS/MS)检测方法.样品在4℃下于80％甲醇中浸提12 h后,经混合阴离子交换反相固相萃取(MAX)净化,以5 mmol/L的甲酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相,在C18柱上进行液相色谱分离,电喷雾正...     

Rapid and sensitive detection of auxins and flavonoids in plant samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of indole-3-acetic acid and methyl indole-3-acetic acid ester in small amounts of plant tissue is essential for elucidating their mutual transformation mechanism and the in vivo function of methyl indole-3-acetic acid ester. Rapid quantification of flavonoids in the same sample is important for clarifying their roles in the transport of auxins and other phytohormones. Herein, we describe a simple method for the simultaneous determination of indole-3-acetic acid and its methyl ester in the roots of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and a protocol for the rapid extraction and quantification of quercetin and kaempferol in these seedlings. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used for the detection of all the compounds. Negative data for indole-3-acetic acid and positive data for methyl indole-3-acetic acid ester were collected in two successive files with a single injection of the extracted sample. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection for the four compounds was 2 ng/mL for indole-3-acetic acid, 0.5 ng/mL for methyl indole-3-acetic acid ester, 5 ng/mL for quercetin, and 1 ng/mL for kaempferol, respectively. Because of the high sensitivity of the assay, only 2-10 mg of the plant material was required to obtain quantitative results.     

液相色谱-质谱联用在线测定3种植物激素

褪黑激素、复合胺及吲哚乙酸等神经递质在高等植物中的发现为理解植物生理的机制提供了新的可能性.建立了一种在线制备方法,将样品粉末化后装填入小柱,利用水、甲酸-水和甲醇-水在线预洗制备后,切换至分析流路,采用梯度洗脱及ESI源LC-MS/MS检测植物中3种神经递质,每个样品的检测时间10 min,较离线方法的分析时间缩短了...     

Portable Electrochemical Sensing of Indole-3-acetic Acid Based on Self-assembled MXene and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Modified Screen-printed Electrode

As a typical plant hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can regulate the biological activities including division, growth and differentiation of plant cells. In this paper, a MXene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite was prepared by self-assembly procedure, which was modified on screen-printed electrode (SPE) to construct a wireless portable electrochemical sensor. Electrochemical investigations of IAA were studied by cyclic voltammetry and an irreversible oxidation process could be observed. The excellent electroanalytical method of IAA was realized on the modified SPE with the detection range as 0.05–125.0 μmol/L and the detection limit as 16.7 nmol/L. The sensor was used for IAA content analysis in different part of pea seedlings with satisfactory results.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube as a solid phase extraction adsorbent for analysis of indole-3-butyric acid and 1-naphthylacetic acid in plant samples

In this work,a new sample pretreatment method prior to HPLC separations was developed for the determination of auxins in plant samples.Owing to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity, multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) was chosen as the adsorbent for the extraction of auxins from plant samples.In this study,two important auxins were selected as model analytes,namely indole-3-butyric acid(IRA) and 1-naphthylacetic acid(NAA).They could be extracted and concentrated due to theirπ-πstacking interactions with MWCNT.Then HPLC-UV was introduced to detect IBA and NAA after sample pretreatment.Factors that may affect the enrichment efficiency were investigated and optimized.Comparative studies showed that MWCNT was superior to C18 for the extraction of the two analytes.Validation experiments showed that the optimized method had good linearity(0.9998 and 0.9960),high recovery(81.4%-85.4%),and low detection limits(0.0030 mg/L and 0.0012 mg/L).The results indicated that the novel method had advantages of convenience,good sensitivity,high efficiency, and it was feasible for the determination of auxins in plant samples.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测植物叶片中吲哚-3-乙酸及其3种氧化产物

以玉米叶片为供试材料,建立了同时测定植物体内吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)及其3种氧化产物吲哚-3-甲醇(ICI)、吲哚-3-甲醛(ICA)、吲哚-3-羧酸(IFA)含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。结果表明,该方法对IAA及其3种氧化产物检测的线性、精密度和重复性较好,灵敏度较高,4种化合物的检出限为0.002~1.63μg/kg,定量下限为0.007~5.43μg/kg;方法的加标回收率为89.5%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~5.1%。玉米叶片的实际测定结果表明,IAA,ICI,ICA和IFA的含量分别为(196.25±7.10),(26.21±2.13),(18.65±2.02),(13.62±2.06)μg/kg。该方法已成功应用于小麦、豌豆、硬毛刺苞菊叶片的测定,通用性较好。     

Sensitive determination of deuterated and non-deuterated indole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid by combined capillary gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Sensitive methods for the determination of deuterated and non-deuterated indole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid by combined capillary gas chromatography-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry were developed. Indole-3-acetic and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acids were converted into pentafluorobenzyl and trifluoroacetylmethyl derivatives, respectively, after pre-purification by high-performance liquid chromatography. These derivatives were separated by gas chromatography and determined by selected ion monitoring. In the determinations, indole-3-acetic-2,2,2',4',5',6',7'-d7 acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic-3,3-d2 acid were used as internal standards. The methods developed in this work were used for the determination of deuterated and non-deuterated indole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in human urine samples collected before and after administration of L-tryptophan-3,3-d2.     

Determination of indole-type phytonutrients in cruciferous vegetables

Abstract

Consumption of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with a low risk of developing cancer. Indole-type phytonutrients, derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucobrassicin, exhibit cancer-preventive properties and occur in all vegetables of the Brassicaceae family. A LC-Q-TOF-MS methodology was developed and applied in extracts from seven cruciferous vegetables allowing the rapid determination of indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-carbaldehyde, ascorbigen, indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetonitrile. The novel method described herein, was validated and is characterized by low detection limits and excellent linearity. The simultaneous determination of indole-type phytonutrients in turnip and radish was performed for the first time.     

Three-dimensional synchronous fluorimetric determination of indole-type auxins after derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde

A sensitive fluorimetric method for teh determination of indole-derivative plant-growth regulators of the auxin group (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-propanoic acid) is based on their eaction with o-phthaladehyde in concentrated sulphuric acid. The fluorescence spectra of the three derivatives are very similar, but the advantages offered by a three-dimensional plot of the spectra, the synchronous derivative approach and the optimization of experimental variables permit the individual and simultaneous quantitation of mixtures of these compounds at the ng ml^-1 level.     

吲哚乙酸在纳米金/碳纳米管/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其检测

以壳聚糖(CS)为多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)的分散介质, 通过MWNTs/CS膜上大量氨基静电吸附纳米金粒子(nanoAu), 使玻碳电极(GCE)表面形成稳定的nanoAu-MWNTs-CS-GCE修饰层, 并采用电化学方法初步研究了该修饰电极的性能. 探讨了吲哚乙酸(IAA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为, 结果表明, 在5～200 μmol/L浓度范围内以及0.78 V电位条件下, 以循环伏安法(CV)测得的氧化峰电流变化值与c(IAA)呈良好的线性关系, 其回归方程为y=2.34×10^-4+0.14x, 检出限为8.33×10^-6 mol/L, 相关系数为0.9997.     

紫外多波长光谱法监测阿司匹林合成过程的水杨酸和阿司匹林

建立测定阿司匹林合成过程中水杨酸、阿司匹林含量和转化率的分析模型。采用紫外多波长扫描乙醇溶液中阿司匹林和水杨酸的紫外光谱,建立水杨酸和阿司匹林紫外光谱的向量长度与其质量浓度的标准曲线,通过斜投影算法分离出待测样本中阿司匹林和水杨酸的紫外光谱。计算光谱向量长度,代入标准曲线得到待测样本中阿司匹林和水杨酸的含量。实验结果表明,水杨酸、阿司匹林的质量浓度与其紫外光谱的向量长度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围分别为2.00~40.00,10.00~200.00μg/m L。水杨酸和阿司匹林测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.16%~2.19%(n=5),加标回收率在93.3%~106.9%之间。该方法快速简便、准确可靠,可满足阿司匹林和水杨酸的同时测定及反应过程中水杨酸转化率监测要求。     

An improved radiometric assay of plant peroxidases based in the decarboxylation of indole-3-[1-14C]acetic acid

A radiometric microassay has been developed to measure the indole-3-acetic acid oxidizing activity of plant peroxidases. This was based in a reappraisal of the pre-existing assay of the indole-3-acetic acid oxidase activity based in the decarboxylation of indole-3-[1-¹⁴C]acetic acid. The improvement consists in the measurement of the indole-3-acetic acid decarboxylation by the determination of the decrease of radioactivity due to the decarboxylation of indole-3-[1-¹⁴C]acetic acid carried out in open vessels, during the steady-state (peroxidative) phase of the oxidation rate. In contrast to the previously reported radiometric methods, the reliability (kinetic stoichiometry of the decarboxylation) of our microassay was studied, and it was supported by the fact that, for steady-state conditions, a kinetic correlation between the disappearance of labelled substrate and the appearance of the first decarboxylate product takes place. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the improved assay was tested with crude protein samples taken from cellular homogenates of lupin hypocotyls.     

电活化玻碳电极差分脉冲伏安法测定水杨酸的研

采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法对水杨酸在电活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为进行研究.在pH7.0的PBS溶液中,将玻碳电极用恒电位法在+1.7V电位阳极氧化400 s.在0.2 mol·L- NaOH溶液中,水杨酸在0.602 V处有一良好的氧化峰,其氧化峰电流与扫描速率在0.02～0.2 V·s-1范围内呈良好线性关系,表...     

导数-同步荧光法同时测定苯甲酸和水杨酸

本文建立了一种同时测定苯甲酸、水杨酸的新方法.苯甲酸、水杨酸的检测限分别为 0.026 μg/mL,0.083 μg/mL;相对标准偏差分别为 1.8％和 3.1％.将该方法用于商品杀菌防腐剂中苯甲酸及水杨酸的同时测定,结果满意.     

电堆集富集非水毛细管电泳同时测定水杨酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸

建立了同时分离测定水杨酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸的电堆集富集-非水毛细管电泳(NACE)的新方法。运行缓冲溶液为40mmol/L乙酸钠-2.5mmol/L氢氧化钠甲醇溶液,电压-25kV,在225nm波长下紫外检测。对电压、乙酸钠浓度、氢氧化钠浓度、进样时间、样品溶液等因素对电堆集及分离的影响做了系统的研究。水杨酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸分别在1.4~28mg/L、0.40~8.0mg/L、0.7~18mg/L和0.7~30mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999、r=0.9997、r=0.9994、r=0.9997);回收率分别为95.8~99.6%、96.2~98·2%、95.7~105%和98.9~103%,基于3倍信噪比(S/N=3),4种有机酸的检出限分别为0.069、0.051、0.107和0.089mg/L。     

Determination of the Phytohormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid by Synchronous Derivative Spectrofluorometry Following Acetic Anhydride Derivatization

Abstract

The very selective fluorogenic reaction of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) with acetic anhydride, acid catalyzed, is used to perform an improved fluorometric method for the determination of nanogram amounts of IAA. The synchronous derivative approach used in this work provides significant advantages in the more relevant analytical figures of merit, especially in sensitivity and precision.     

Simultaneous analysis of small organic acids and humic acids using high performance size exclusion chromatography

An accurate and fast method for simultaneous determination of small organic acids and much larger humic acids was developed using high performance size exclusion chromatography. Two small organic acids, i.e. salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and one purified humic acid material were used in this study. Under the experimental conditions, the UV peaks of salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid were well separated from the peaks of humic acid in the chromatogram. Concentrations of the two small organic acids could be accurately determined from their peak areas. The concentration of humic acid in the mixture could then be derived from mass balance calculations. The measured results agreed well with the nominal concentrations. The detection limits are 0.05 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L for salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Applicability of the method to natural samples was tested using groundwater, glacier, and river water samples (both original and spiked with salicylic acid and 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) with a total organic carbon concentration ranging from 2.1 to 179.5 mg C/L. The results obtained are promising, especially for groundwater samples and river water samples with a total organic carbon concentration below 9 mg C/L.     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定羊栖菜5个部位中10种植物激素含量

采用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（HPLC-TQMS）,建立了同时分析羊栖菜主分枝、侧分枝、初生叶、次生叶、茎等5个部位中吲哚乙酸、异戊烯腺苷、异戊烯腺嘌呤、反式玉米素核苷、玉米素、独角金内酯、脱落酸、水杨酸、赤霉素、茉莉酸等10种植物激素含量的方法。羊栖菜样品经冷冻干燥后,用甲醇/水/甲酸（15：4：1,v/v/v）（含0.5% BHT）超声提取植物激素,在Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱上,以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾电离,正/负离子扫描选择反应监测模式进行定量分析。结果表明,10种植物激素在线性范围内的相关系数（r）为0.9989~1.0000;检出限为0.0012~4.6512 μg/L;加标回收率在72.24%~91.31%之间,相对标准偏差均不高于6.59%;在羊栖菜5个部位鲜样中10种植物激素的含量范围为未检出至4041.431 ng/g。本方法具有良好的灵敏度、精密度和回收率,可以用于同时分析多种植物激素。     

Fluorimetric determination of indole derivatives by fluorophore generation in copper(II)-sulphuric acid solution

A spectrofluorimetric procedure for the determination of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propanoic acid and indole-3-butyric acid by derivatization with copper sulphate—sulphuric acid solution has been developed. The optimum reaction conditions, the effect of interferents and the advantages associated with the use of first- and second-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry have been studied. The detection limits are 3, 12 and 6 ng/ml for indole-3-acetic, indole-3-propanoic and indole-3-butyric acid, respectively.