SPR免疫竞争法研究小分子吗啡与其抗体间作用的动力学特征

表面等离子体共振技术(SPR)主要应用于生物大分子相互作用的研究,本文采用溶液竞争法,测定了小分子吗啡与其抗体作用的结合常数K₁,并计算了吗啡抗体与吗啡化牛血清白蛋白的结合常数K₂.证明了多抗对抗原的亲和力较单抗大,并表明大分子蛋白质的存在对抗体与待测物的结合有阻碍作用.     

吗啡的流动注射分光光度法分析研究

本文建立了吗啡的流动注射分光光度分析法。在优化条件下,线性检测范围为30～700μg/ml,回归方程为h=0.0250+1.74×10~(-3)C,相关系数为0.9999,并用于吗啡样品的分析。回收率为99.9％,相对标准偏差为0.43％,样品分析速度为240次/小时。     

CA-1便携式微机测金仪在矿石分析中的应用

我们根据任务的需要研制了CA-便携式微机测金仪,对其电化学性能进行了试验,测试结果良好。该仪器操作灵活简便,噪声小,灵敏可达ppb级。对矿样中的金进行了分析,所得结果与石墨炉原子吸收法的分析结果及金标样的标准值基本一致。     

人血清中吗啡含量的高效液相色谱法测定

采用C18 色谱柱 ,体积比70∶30的甲醇 -0.02mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾缓冲液 (含0.001mol·L-1 三乙胺 ,pH=6.60)作流动相 ,紫外检测波长230nm ,可待因作内标 ,建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中吗啡含量的方法 ;对流动相、样品预处理和储备液稳定性进行了考察 ,提出用乙酸乙酯直接萃取血清中的吗啡 ,所得样品稳定性好 ,萃取回收率为74 %～80 %;该法快速 ,适于生物样品中吗啡含量的测定。     

便携式农药残留毒性快速测试仪--水果和蔬菜农药残留动力学速测方法

研制了一种新型的化学动力学测试仪器,适用于水果和蔬菜农药残留毒性的测试。阐述了根据农药的毒理学机制所进行的仪器设计原理,了满足设计要求的关键技术和测试方法,该仪器测定速度快,试剂费用低廉,其灵敏度的敌敌畏≤０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,甲胺磷≤１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

便携式检测仪检测呋喃丹和对氧磷的研究

基于胆碱酯酶被抑制前后反应速率不同的原理,研制了便携式荧光探针农药残留检测仪,并对检测条件进行了优化,获得呋喃丹和对氧磷的检出限分别为3．0和12μg／L,线性范围分别为3．0—37．8μg／L和12-350μg／L,该检测仪具有操作简便,检测怏速,可用于现场检测等优点,在对蔬菜和水果样品检测中,获得呋喃丹的回收率在87％～114％之间。     

Method for Determination of Codeine and Morphine in Rat Whole Blood by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A HPLC method to simultaneously determine codeine and morphine in rat whole blood has been developed and evaluated. This method is based on a selective extraction and reversed-phase chromatography which results in chromatograms with 220 to 3500 theoretical plates for morphine and codeine. Detection is by electrochemical oxidation at +1.2V vs Ag/AgCl. In this method, the procedure of blood centrifugation for plasma preparation is eliminated. Therefore, the blood volume required is decreased and the sensitivity of analysis is considerably increased. Concentrations of codeine and morphine are low as 2ng/ml can be quantitated in as little as 100 mcl of rat whole blood.     

仪器装置与实验技术余氯、总氯现场快速测定仪的研制和应用

研制了一种基于光度法现场测定水中余氯、总氯的手持式仪器 ,开发了相应的专用试剂包 ,讨论了影响该仪器分析性能的主要因素。用该仪器和试剂现场测定水中的余氯和总氯 ,线性范围是 0 .0 1～ 5 .0mg/L ;RSD <3% ;单个样品分析时间不超过 3min。     

气相色谱—质谱联用法测定吸毒者尿中吗啡浓度

本文建立了测定吸毒者尿中吗啡浓度的方法,样品经酸解、醚洗、碱化及溶剂提取后,用MSTFA衍生化,最后用GC/MS(SIM)法分析,以内标法定量。     

Portable Analyzer for Rapid Analysis of Total Protein, Fat and Lactose Contents in Raw Milk Measured by Non-dispersive Short-wave Near-infrared Spectrometry

A novel portable analyzer for raw milk quality control during the material purchase at dairy plants was developed, by which the percentages(mass fraction) of main components including total protein, fat, and lactose of an unhomogenized milk sample could be determinated in 1 min with the help of non-dispersive short-wave near-infrared (NDSWNIR) spectrometry in a wavelength range from 600 nm to 1100 nm and multivariate calibration. The analyzer was designed with a single-beam optical system, which comprised a temperature control module, a multi-channel narrow-band light source(16 wavelengths), a glass absorption cell with 15 mm sample thickness, a silicon photodiode detector, several compound lenses and a recorder module. A total of 80 raw milk samples were collected at a dairy farm twice a month for 4 months. The samples were scanned with a common UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer and analyzed according to China GB standard methods. The uninformative variables elimination(UVE) method was carried out on the spectrum data and the percentages of main components of all the samples to choose the peak emitting wavelength of each channel of the light source. Another 90 raw milk samples were collected from the same dairy farm thrice a month for 3 months. The samples were analyzed according to China GB standard methods and with the proposed analyzer. The percentages of the main components and the NDSWNIR absorption data of the samples were used for the construction and validation of the multivariate calibration model with partial least squares(PLS) method. The root-mean-square errors of prediction(RMSEP) of total protein, fat and lactose were 0.201, 0.172 and 0.247 and the coefficients of correlation(R) were 0.932, 0.981 and 0.933, respectively.     

Direct and Simple Electrochemical Determination of Morphine at PEDOT Modified Pt Electrode

A simple and rapid method for morphine detection is described based on PEDOT electrode in the presence of SDS. The electrochemistry of morphine is investigated by CV, LSV and SWV. The effect of common interferences on the current response of morphine namely AA and UA is studied. The electrode is applied to the selective determination of morphine in urine samples in the linear ranges 0.3–8 µmol L^?1 and 10–60 µmol L^?1, with low detection limits of 50 and 68 nmol L^?1, respectively and recovery of 96.4 %. The application of PEDOT is realized in determination of morphine in tablets successfully.     

便携式飞行时间质谱仪用于室内甲苯、二甲苯污染快速溯源分析

采用自行研制的高时间分辨便携式飞行时间质谱(Portable time-of-flight mass spectrometry,P-TOFMS),基于网格布点检测法,在污染和通风自净后的条件下,以高暴露风险的甲苯、二甲苯作为VOCs代表物质,实时、在线监测1394 m2室内空气中的甲苯、二甲苯的浓度分布,并根据高时间分辨数据对污染源进行快速解析.结果表明,1.5h内即可完成室内40个采样点的全部分析工作;污染条件下室内甲苯和二甲苯的最高浓度为2633和223 μg/m3;自然通风24h后,浓度分别降低至113和173 μg/m3;2个模拟污染源及1个背景污染源均被准确识别.P-TOF-MS技术在家居、车间等室内空气VOCs污染源快速识别方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

氧化锌纳米簇-金纳米颗粒-壳聚糖复合膜修饰电极用于示差脉冲伏安法测定吗啡

将制备的氧化锌纳米簇和金纳米颗粒分散在壳聚糖中并滴涂在玻碳电极表面,制备了氧化锌纳米簇-金纳米颗粒-壳聚糖复合膜修饰电极(Au-ZnO-CHIT/GCE)。采用循环伏安法研究了吗啡在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:吗啡在该修饰电极上出现了一个氧化峰,提出了用示差脉冲伏安法测定吗啡的方法。吗啡浓度在5.3×10-6~6.5×10-4mol.L-1范围内与氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.8×10-6mol.L-1。修饰电极用于尿液中吗啡的测定,回收率在80.0%~99.6%之间。     

人体血中吗啡浓度的GC／MS测定法

本实验采用磷酸可待因作内标，经液相萃取、乙酸酐衍生化处理后，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ的选择离子定量模型（ＳＩＭ）测定肿瘤病人体内吗啡的血药浓度。方法的最低检出限为０．９５ｎｇ／ｍＬ，在１．０～６０．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ的浓度范围内，标准曲线呈良好的线性，ｒ＞０．９９８，日内日间误差小于９．０％，回收率达９６％，已成功地应用在８例肿瘤病人口服３０ｍｇ吗啡控释片的药代动力学的研究上。     

检查中药中掺入吗啡的方法研究

我国每年出口到东南亚的中成药及保健品很多,价值逾亿。其中发现个别产品中掺有具有相似功效的化学药品。为此,新加坡卫生科学局颁布了《中成药管理办法》,其中规定自2004年1月1日起,只有经过一系列严格检验的产品方可进口。为此,中国实验室国家认可委员会组织了已通过国家实验室认可的若干实验室进行了此方面的能力比对。要求定性检查给定样品中是否掺入吗啡即为其中一例。文献主要报道了采用气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-紫外检测方法测定吗啡含量,本文主要建立了HPLC／DAD和HPLC-MS方法,以检查样品中是否掺有吗啡。吗啡的结构式如右所示。     

便携式钨丝电热原子吸收光谱仪测定水样中铜、铬、铅和镉

以钨丝原子化器和小型化CCD检测器为主要部件,组装了便携式钨丝电热原子吸收光谱分析仪,优化了载气(Ar/H2) 流速、空心阴极灯位置、原子化器高度、灰化和原子化电流等主要仪器条件.最佳载气(Ar/H2)流速(mL/min)为600 /300(Cd),800/200(Cu, Pb, Cr);灰化电流为2.9～3.2 A;原子化电流为8.5 A;CCD的积分时间为50 ms.并在优化的仪器条件下准确测定了环境水样中的铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)和镉(Cd),进样10 μL时,其检出限分别为2、5、9和0.5 μg/L.此便携式原子吸收光谱仪在环境水样痕量元素分析中可望有良好的应用前景.     

用手持式测碘仪现场测定食盐中的碘

在自行研制的手持式高灵敏光度计的基础上,研制出一种动态线性范围宽、样品和试剂用量少、分析速度快、无可动部件、灵敏度高、结构简单、轻便耐用、耗电量低的毛持式测碘仪,同时开发了一种测碘专用试剂包,发明了一种碘盐现场取样技术,建立了一种现场测定食盐中碘含量的灵敏、快速、廉价方法。使用手持式测碘仪和专用测碘试剂包测定碘的线性范围是0.01-3mg/L,定是检测下限量0.01mg/L,样品经过研磨以后,测定的相对标准偏差在1.5%以内;如样品不研磨,其相对标准偏差为6%-8%。应用于食盐中碘的现场测定,每个样品的分析测定时间约为3-6min。应用于5种不同品牌食盐样品的实际分析,结果满意。     

用GC－MS法测定尿中可待因及其代谢物的浓度

建立了用ＧＣ－ＭＳ（ＳＩＭ）内标定量法快速测定人尿中可待因及其代谢物浓度的方法。样品经酸水解、乙醚／异丙醇提取，用ＭＳＴＦＡ－ＭＢＴＦＡ衍生化后进样于ＧＣ－ＭＳＤ，方法灵敏、准确，可用于监测吸毒者尿中可待因、吗啡类药物的浓度。本法已经受ＩＯＣ的１９９２年水平考试的考验。     

A Novel Strategy for Determination of Paracetamol in the Presence of Morphine Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with CdO Nanoparticles and Ionic Liquids

A voltammetric sensor for determination of paracetamol in the presence of morphine is described for the first time. The synthesized CdO nanoparticles were characterized with different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The paracetamol and morphine peaks are separated ca. 0.37 and 0.65 V, respectively; hence paracetamol can be analysed in the presence of morphine and more than 21 times of the current excess of paracetamol. The detection limits for paracetamol and morphine were 0.07 and 0.1 μM, respectively. The sensor has been successfully applied for the assay of the above compounds in real samples.