Ratio-Spectra Zero-Crossing Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Drugs in Two-Component Mixtures

ABSTRACT

Two two-component mixtures have been assayed using both Vierordt's method and ratio-spectra zero-crossing derivative spectrophotometric methods. Such mixtures are hydrochlorothiazide-spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide-ramipril. These selected applications illustrate the relative ease and simplicity offered by ratio - spectra zero - crossing derivative spectrophotometry for the assay of two component mixtures with spectral interferences from matrix formulations.     

Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen with Orphenadrine Citrate,Ibuprofen or Chlorzoxazone in Combined Dosage Forms by Zero-Crossing Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A derivative spectrophotmetric procedure for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen-orphenadrine citrate, acetaminophen-ibuprofen and acetaminophen-chlorzoxazone, binary mixtures is described. The procedure minimises the mutual interference between these drugs in mixtures and allows the determination of these compounds without a previous extraction step. The precision of the method, expressed as the relative standard deviation, is better than 4%. The method has been successfully applied to laboratory mixtures and commercial tablets containing these drugs.     

First Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Drugs in Two-Component Mixtures

Abstract

Four two-component mixtures have been assayed using both Vierordt's and first derivative spectrophotometric methods. Such mixtures are acepifylline and phenobarbitone, phenylbutazone and amidopyrine, procaine and caffeine, and sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. These selected applications illustrate the relative ease and simplicity offered by first derivative spectrophotometry for the assay of two component mixtures with spectral interferences from matrix formulations.     

Simultaneous Determination of Perphenazine and Amitriptyline by Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

Two methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of Amitryptiline and Perphenazine: the zero-crossing (I) and the derivative ratio spectrum (II) methods and both use the derivative spectrophotometry.

The methods have been applicable in the ranges of 1 to 30 μg·ml^?1 of Amitryptiline (I and II) and between 1 and 8 μg·ml^?1 and from 1 to 7 μg·ml^?1 of Perphenazine for the methods I and II respectively. The accuracy of the proposed methods have been studied and they have been used in the determination of Amitryptiline and Perphenazine in commercially available pharmaceuticals.     

Determination of Mefenamic Acid and Paracetamol by First Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A direct and simple first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of mefenamic acid and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations. A methanolic hydrochloric acid solution was used as solvent for extracting the drugs from the formulations and subsequently the samples were evaluated directly by derivative spectrophotometry. Simultaneous determination of both drugs can be carried out using the zero-crossing and the graphical methods. The methods do not require simultaneous equations to be solved. The calibration graphs were linear in the ranges from 1.8 × 10^?6 to 1.6 × 10^?4 M of mefenamic acid and from 4.1×10^?6 to 1.4 × 10^?4 M of paracetamol. The ingredients commonly found in commercial pharmaceutical formulations do not interfere. The proposed method was applied to the determination of these drugs in tablets.     

Simultaneous Determination of Atrazine and Chlorpyrifos in Pesticide Formulations,in Soils and Waters by Derivative Spectrophotometry and Ratio Spectra Derivative

Abstract

A new method is described to analyse a binary mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos, using first-derivative spectrophotometry for atrazine and first derivative of the ratio spectra for chlorpyrifos. The procedure does not require any separation step. Calibration graphs were linear up to 15 μg.mL^?1 of atrazine and to 10 μg.mL^?1 of chlorpyrifos. The method has been applied to determine both compounds in pesticide formulations, in soils and waters.     

Determination of Osmium(VIII) and Palladium(II) in Mixtures by Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of osmium(VIII) and Palladium(II) (up to 15 μ9/ml of Os and 11 μ9/ml of Pd) in mixtures, by first and second derivative spectrophotometry, using allyl thiourea as reagent, is described.

A statistical analysis of the results is reported.     

Determination of Procaine Penicillin G and Penicillin G by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Products

Abstract

“Zero-crossing” derivative spectrophotometry has been used for determining binary mixtures of penicillin G and procaine penicillin G.

The procedure is rapid, simple, nondestructive, and does not require resolutions of equations.

Calibration graphs are linear between 2.0 and 50.0 μg mL^?1 of the penicillin G at 226.0 nm, and between 2.0 and 100.0 μg mL^?1 of procaine penicillin G at 319.0 nm, in the presence of each other. A complete and exhausive statistical analysis of the experimental data was realized to demonstrate the validity of method. The method was successfully applied to assay commercial injections of these drugs.     

Application of Derivative and Ratio Spectra Derivative Spectrophotometry for the Determination of Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Acrivastine in Capsules

Abstract

Two new spectrophotometric methods are used for the determination of acrivastine and pseudoephedrine hydochloride in their mixture without previous chemical separation. In the first, second derivative spectrophotometry, the measurements are made at 288.0 nm for acrivastine and at 270.2 nm for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in the second derivative spectra of their solution in 0.1M NaOH. In the second, ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry, the amplitudes are measured at 276.0 nm and 298.5 nm corresponding to two maximums for acrivastine, and at 252.6 nm and 268.3 nm corresponding to a maximum and a minumum, respectively, for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in first derivative of their ratio spectra plotted by using of their solutions as divisor. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in a commercial pharmaceutical formulation capsule.     

比值光谱—导数分光光度法同时测定纤维上的二组分混合染料

研究了用比值光谱－导数分光光度法同时测定两组分混合染料体系中分散大红ＢＷＦＬ和分散红玉ＺＧＦＬ的方法。回收率在９５．６％～１０７．５％。方法已用于分析纺织纤维上分散大红和分散红玉二元混染体系。     

一阶导数分光光度法直接测定肉制品中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的含量

本文研究了硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的一阶导数光谱，选择亚硝酸盐的一阶导数光谱与基线相交点２０７ｎｍ，作为硝酸盐的测定波长；选择硝酸盐在２０７ｎｍ、２２０ｎｍ处导数值相等，作为双波长法测定亚硝酸盐的测定波长。结果表明，硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐在１～１５μｇ／ｍＬ浓度范围内线性关系良好，合成样分析，加标回收试验，样品测定同标准比色法对照均获得满意结果。     

Determination of Ternary Mixtures of Vitamins by Ratio-Spectra Zero-Crossing Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

The ratio-spectra zero-crossing first and third derivative spectrophotometry have been used for determining ternary mixtures of Vitamin 86, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B12. The procedures are accurate, nondestructive and do not require solving of equations.

In both methods, calibration graphs are linear, with zero-intercept, up to 48 μg/ml of Vitamin B6, 64 μg/ml of Vitamin B1 and 60 μg/ml of Vitamin B12. Correlation coefficients range from 0.9999 to 1.0000.

Working wavelengths, 311, 272.5 and 215.5 nm, respectively, in the 1st-derivative mode and 300.5, 271.5 and 365 nm in the 3rd-derivative mode. Detection limits for each drug at p=0.01 level of significance were calculated to be 0.002, 0.009 and 0.004 μg/ml and 0.002, 0.004 and 0.001 μg/ml, in the first and third-derivative methods, respectively. Both methods apply favourably to either synthetic mixtures or commercial injections for these drugs.

An exhaustive statistical treatment of the experimental findings was performed to confirm the validity of the methods.     

Simultaneous Determination of Procaine Penicillin G and Benzathine Penicillin G by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A new method for determining the binary mixtures of procaine penicillin G and benzathine penicillin G using “zero-crossing” second derivative spectrophotometry is described. Calibration graphs were linear up to 8.80 10^?5 M for procaine penicillin G and 4.40 10^?5 M for benzathine penicillin G. The method was realized in ethanol/water medium (30 % v/v). A complete and exhaustive statistical analysis of the experimental data was realized to demonstrate the validity of method. The method was applied for determining procaine penicillin G and benzathine penicillin G synthetic mixtures with good results. The procedure does not require any separation step.     

Applicability of Derivative Spectrophotometry,Bivariate Calibration Algorithm,and the Vierordt Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ranitidine and Amoxicillin in Their Binary Mixtures

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV)–derivative spectrophotometry, bivariate calibration algorithm, and Vierodt methods were applied to simultaneous determination of ranitidine (R) and amoxicillin (AMX) in binary mixtures. The first-order derivative allows determination of R in the concentration range 4.0 · 10^?6 mol · dm^?3 to 6.0 · 10^?5 mol · dm^?3. Vierordt method enables Ranitidine assaying in the presence of 2.5-fold excess of AMX and 3-fold excess of R. The bivariate calibration method obeys Beer's law in the concentration ranges 4.0 · 10^?6 mol · dm^?3 to 6.0 · 10^?5 mol · dm^?3 for R and 2.0 · 10^?6 to 2.0 · 10^?5 mol · dm^?3 for AMX.     

固相萃取—紫外导数光谱法测定血中茚满二酮类抗凝血杀鼠剂

报道了血中敌鼠、氯敌鼠、杀鼠酮的题示测定方法。该法操作简便快速、回收率高，灵敏度较高，萃取使用国产高分子多孔微球ＧＤＸ３０１，价廉易得。三种杀鼠剂以１０ｍｇ／Ｌ量分别加于血中，回收率依次为１００．５％±２．９％、１０１．５％±１．３％及９９．３％±１．５％；血中三种杀鼠剂检出限分别为０．４、０．６及０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

一阶导数吸光光度法直接测定饮用水中镁

研究了以甲基百里香酚蓝（MTB）作显色剂，在pH作10.0的NH4Cl-氨缓冲溶液中，用一阶导数吸光光度法测定饮用水中镁的最佳条件。以617nm波长处的零－谷导数值定量，用零交技术可消除钙等干扰。线性范围为0－15μg/25ml，加标回收率在98％－107％之间。经过对饮用水样的测定，并与其它分析方法比较，结果满意。     

快速测定蜂王浆中蜂王酸的分光光度法研究

本文提出了用差示分光光度法和一阶导数分光光度法测定蜂王浆中蜂王酸的含量，差示光谱最大测定波长为（＋）２２８．０ｎｍ；一阶导数光谱测定波长为（＋）２０４．５ｎｍ和（－）２３３．５ｎｍ。线性范围为０－２０μｇ／ｍｌ（差示分光光度法）和０－１５μｇ／ｍｌ（一阶异数分光光度法）。二法在实际测定中具有操作简便，快速和准确度高等优点。     

双波长K系数-标准加入-导数分光光度法同时测定重油中的钴镍

本文提出了一种同时测定两组分混和物的新方法，即双波长Ｋ系数－标准加入－导数分光光度法，该法同时进行两组分的标准加入，以两个组分的峰值波长为测定波长，又互为参比波长，利用Ｋ系数法以一套吸光度数据同时完成两个组分的测定。本文以ＯＰ－５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ为显色体系，同时测定了重油中的钴、镍，结果令人满意。本方法简便，灵敏度高。     

Determination of Candesartan Cilexetil in Tablet Dosage Forms and Dissolution Testing Samples by First Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract

This article describes the development and validation of a first derivative UV quantitative analytical method for determination of candesartan cilexetil in tablet dosage forms. A signal at 270.1 nm of the first derivative spectrum (ID_270.1) was found adequate for quantification. The limit of quantification was 3.06 µg/ml. The linearity between ID_270.1 nm and concentration of candesartan cilexetil in the range of 6.00–32.00 µg/ml presented a correlation coefficient of (r²) = 0.9990. The mean recovery percentage was 100.97 and 99.23% for candesartan cilexetil standard solution and candesartan standard cilexetil solution with excipients, respectively. The intraday and interday accuracy of the assay was 98.60% and 99.10% respectively. The intraday and interday variability was below 2.0%.

The proposed method is accurate, precise, sensitive, and selective and can be used in quality control laboratories for its intended purpose.