Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Zinc(II), Manganese(II) and Iron(II) in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using OSC-PLS

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of zinc(II), manganese(II) and iron(II) in pharmaceutical preparations. The method presented in this work is based on the well-known reaction of these ions with 4-(pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR)1. The application of quantitative chemometric methods, particularly PLS to multivariate chemical data is becoming more widespread owing to the availability of digitized spectroscop…     

Development and Validation of Catalytic Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Copper(II)

A catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of trace amounts of Cu(II). It is based on the catalytic effect of Cu(II) on the oxidation of cysteine (RSH) by hexacyanoferrate(III) in acidic medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of hexacyanoferrate(III) at 420nm. The optimum operating conditions regarding concentration of reagents, pH and temperature were established. The working curve is linear in the concentration range of 0–6.35ng·mL^–1. The maximum percentage error and standard deviation for determination of Cu(II) in the range of 1.27–6.35ng·mL^–1 have been calculated to be 3.9 and 0.4 respectively. The detection limit calculated was 0.15ng·mL^–1. The interference effect of several species was also investigated, and it was found that the most common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of Cu(II) in various synthetic and real samples. The typical feature of this procedure is that determination can be carried out at 25°C and/or in the absence of any precision thermostatic bath in the very short analysis time of one minute. The newly developed method was found to have fairly good selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity compared to other kinetic methods.Received October 8, 2002; accepted April 7, 2003 Published online July 16, 2003     

Indirect Pyrophosphate Determination by Atomic Absorption Using Copper(II) Ions and A Liquid Ion Exchanger

Abstract

Pyrophosphate (5 × 10^?6 M to 5 × 10^?6 M in the final aqueous solution) may be determined in the presence of similar concentrations of phosphate, other condensed phosphates, or some other anions, by measurement of its inhibitory effect on the extraction of copper(II) by Amberlite LA-1 into MIBK or ethyl acetate. The copper extracted is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.     

同步荧光光谱法研究明胶蛋白质与铜(II)的相互作用

利用同步荧光光谱技术,研究了pH为10.0时,Cu2+离子与明胶的相互作用,推导出含有n个键合位置的明胶大分子与Cu2+离子的结合公式;用明胶中两种荧光基团的荧光强度变化数据,线性拟合出Cu2+离子与明胶的结合常数K和结合位点数n.讨论了Cu2+离子对明胶分子构象的影响.非线性拟合结果与实验值相当吻合.     

Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Dipyrone in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Fe(III) as Reagent

A flow injection spectrophotometric procedure with symmetric merging zones for dipyrone determination in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The determination is based on the formation of a blue complex (monitored at a wavelength of 642 nm) yield in the complexation reaction of dipyrone with Fe(III) in acid medium. Under optimum conditions, a calibration curve was obtained from 3.5 to 281 mg L^?1 with a detection limit of 2.8 mg L^?1 and the samples throughput was 80 h^?1. The analytical results obtained for commercial formulation samples by applying the proposed method were in good agreement with labeled values and those obtained by a comparative procedure at a 95% confidence level.     

Analytical Separation of Copper(II), Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Using Polymer Bound Anthrantic Acid

Abstract

The preferential complexing tendency of different nietal ions towards chelating agents anchored on a polymer has been used for separation of transition metals. the anthranilic acid group was anchored on the polymeric cellulose back-bone by successive coupling with trifunctional reagent cyanuric chloride, in diozane medium, at pH 7 and 9–10, respectively. This polymer bound chelating agent was used to separate copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) in the concentration range 1.0–0.1 mmol/L. the separation of a mixture of two components was quantitative using column chromatography.     

Preparation and Thermal Decomposition of Copper(II) Complexes with 4-Methylimidazole

Simple and mixed compounds of the formulae Cu(4-Meim)₂, CuSal(4-Meim), CuSal(4-Meim)₂ and CuSalox(4-Meim)₂, where 4-Meim=4-methylimidazole, Sal=(OC₆H₄COO)²⁻, Salox=(OC₆H₄CHNO)²⁻ have been prepared. Thermal decomposition reactions have been established on the basis of thermal and X-ray analyses of these compounds. The pyrolysis proceeds in several (3–4) stages connected with the mass loss and exothermic effects. As a result of the last stage of decomposition CuO is formed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Chemiluminescence Flow Injection Determination of Copper (II)

ABSTRACT

A sensitive and selective flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of copper over the range of 0.5-7.5 ng is described. The method is based on quenching effect of copper (II) on the chemiluminescent reaction of dichlorofluorescein and hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media. Method development includes optimization of reagent concentrations and flow conditions. The optimized method yielded a detection limit (3σ) of 0.2 ng. The method is simple, fast, selective and precise and was used for the determination of copper in blood sera.     

A Potentiometric and Spectroscopic Investigation of Copper(II)– and Zinc(II)–Orotate Complex Equilibria Under Physiological Conditions

A quantitative study of zinc(II) and copper(II) complex formation with orotic acid has been performed under physiological conditions (37°C; 0.15 mol-dm^–3 NaCl) using the glass electrode potentiometric technique. Several species have been identified within the pH range 2–10 for the metal-to-ligand concentration ratios investigated. Three mononuclear complexes, ML, ML₂, and ML₂H_–1, have been characterized with both metals. In addition, the polynuclear species M₃L₂H_–2 has been found with copper(II). Formation constants for all these species have been calculated with the help of the SUPERQUAD computer program. UV absorption and IR spectroscopic measurements combined with speciation calculations have been used to confirm corresponding structures.     

Preconcentration and Determination of Copper（Ⅱ） Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by 1,5-Diphenylcarhazide and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A simple and reproducible method for the rapid extraction and determination of trace amounts of copper（Ⅱ） ions using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide （DPC） and atomic absorption spectrometry was presented, which was based on complex formation on the surface of the ENVI-18 DISK^TM disks followed by stripping of the retained species by minimum amounts of appropriate organic solvents. The elution was efficient and quantitative. The effect of potential interfering ions, pH, ligand amount, stripping solvent, and sample flow rate were also investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the break-through volume was found to be about 1000 mL providing a preconcentration factor of 400. The maximum capacity of the disks was found to be （255±5） lag for Cu^2＋, and the limit of detection of the proposed method was 5 ng per 1000 mL. The method was applied to the extraction and recovery of copper in different water samples.     

Thermal Investigation of the Compounds of the Copper(II) Mono(o-hydroxybenzoate) with Chelate Ligands

Heteroligand complexes of copper(II) were obtained as a result of the reaction of Cu(II) mono (o-hydroxybenzoate) (monohydrate) with 8-hydroxyquinoline (HOx), o-aminophenol (NH₂Ph) and 2,2′-dipyridyl (2,2′-dipy). The mixture of the mono compound with: Cu(II) di(o-aminobenzoate) or Cu(II) di(o-hydroxybenzaldoximate) were obtained by the reaction with o-aminobenzoic acid (H₂A) and o-hydroxybenzaldoxime (H₂Salox). The obtained compounds and their sinters were subjected to chemical, X-ray and thermal analyses. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Electrochemical Examination of Copper(II) Complexes with Octaazamacrocyclic Ligand and Heterocyclic Dithiocarbamate

Mixed ligand dinuclear copper(II) complexes of the general formula [Cu₂(Rdtc)tpmc)](ClO₄)₃ with octaazamacrocyclic ligand tpmc and four different heterocyclic dithiocarbamate ligands Rdtc^?, as well as the complexes [Cu₂(tpmc)](ClO₄)₄ and [Cu(tpmc)](ClO₄)₂?2H₂O were studied in aqueous NaClO₄ and HClO₄ solutions by cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical properties of the ligands and Cu(II) complexes were correlated with their electronic structure. Conductometric experiments showed different stoichiometry in complexation of tpmc with Cu²⁺ ions and transport of ions in acetonitrile and in aqueous media. These studies clarified the application of this macrocyclic ligand as ionophore in a PVC membrane copper(II) selective electrode and contributed elucidation of its sensor properties.     

Cu(II), Zn(II), AND Pb(II) STABILITY CONSTANTS OF CYCLAM AMPHIPHILES

Abstract

1-Hexadecyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (hexadecyl cyclam) and 1-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl) hexadecyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tetramethylhexadecyl cyclam) have been synthesized and their deprotonation and ligand-metal formation constants, K, determined for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II). The coupling of a long hydrocarbon chain to a ring nitrogen decreased the general ability of the cyclam ring to complex with metal ions. The greatest effect appeared to be for Cu(II) decreasing from a pK of 27 for cyclam to about 17. The titrations were fitted by HYPERQUAD and the concentrations of the intermediate complexes obtained as a function of pH. Metal-ligand complexes LMH₂ ⁴⁺, LMH₂₊ and LM₂₊ can coexist through a wide pH range. We have also calculated a composite metal-binding constant, K′, to reflect more accurately the overall ability of these ligands to bind a metal at any particular pH. K′, which is 14.6 for (hexadecyl cyclam)-Cu(II), is constructed from the concentrations of all the metal-chelated species at pH = 7. Generally, K′ is much lower than K.     

Spectroscopic Behaviour of Copper(II) Complexes Containing 2-Hydroxyphenones

Theoretical investigations by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods shed light on how the type of ligand or attached groups influence the electronic structure, absorption spectrum, electron excitation, and intramolecular and interfacial electron transfer of the Cu(II) complexes under study. The findings provide new insight into the designing and screening of high-performance dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).     

SYNTHESIS OF 1,2-DIHYDROXYIMINO-l-PHENYL-3,7-DIAZA-9,10-O-BENZALOCTANE AND ITS COMPLEXES WITH Co(II), Cu(II) AND Ni(II)

Abstract

A novel dioxime, 1,2 dihydroxyimino-3,7-diaza-9,10-O-benzaloctane (LH₂) was prepared by reaction of l,2-0-benzylidene-4-aza-7-aminoheptane and anti-phenylchloroglyoxime in absolute ethanol. Mononuclear complexes with a metal-ligand ratio of 1:2 were prepared with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). To elucidate the structures of the ligand and complexes, elemental analyses, IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectral data and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been examined.     

Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Vanadium(IV) by Flow Injection Analysis Based on the Redox Reaction with Copper(II) in the Presence of Neocuproine

Abstract

An indirect photometric method with a continuous-flow analysis is presented for the determination of trace amounts of vanadium(IV). It is based on the redox reaction of copper(II) with vanadium(1V) in the presence of neocuproine. In the presence of neocuproine, copper(I1) is reduced easily by vanadium(I V) to a copper(1)-neocuproine complex, which shows a n absorption maximum at 454 nm. By measuring t h e absorbance of the complex at this wavelength, vanadium(1V) in t h e range 2×10^?6 - 8 × mol dm^?5 mol dm^?3 can be determined at a rate of 120 samples h^?1. The fractional determination of vanadium(1V) and iron(I1) is also studied.     

Thermal Studies of Copper(II) Squarate Complexes of Diamines in the Solid State

CuL₂C₄O₄ [L=ethane-1,2-diamine (en)], CuL₂C₄O₄⋅2H₂O [L=N-methylethane-1,2-diamine (meen), N-ethylethane-1,2-diamine (eten),N-propylethane-1,2-diamine (pren), N-methyl-N’-ethylethane- 1,2-diamine (meeten) andpropane-1,2-diamine (pn)], CuL₂C₄O₄⋅0.5H₂O [L=N,N’-dimethylethane- 1,2-diamine (dmeen)], CuL₂C₄O₄⋅4H₂O [L=propane-1,2-diamine (pn)]and CuL₂C₄O₄⋅H₂O[L=2-methylpropane-1,2-diamine (ibn)] have been synthesized by the addition of respective diamine to finely powdered CuC₄O₄⋅2H₂O and their thermal studies have been carried out in the solid state. Cu(en)₂C₄O₄ upon heating loses one molecule of diamine with shar pcolour change yielding Cu(en)C₄O₄ which upon further heating transforms to unidentified products. All aquated-bis-diamine species [CuL₂C₄O₄⋅2H₂O, CuL₂C₄O₄⋅0.5H₂O and CuL₂C₄O₄⋅H₂O] upon heating undergo deaquation–anation reaction in the solid state showing thermochromism and transform to CuL₂C⁴O₄, which revert on exposure to humid atmosphere (RH ∼90%). All the squarato bis-diamine species, CuL₂C₄O₄, on further heating transform to unidentified products through the formation of CuLC₄O₄ as intermediates. The mono diamine species, have been isolated pyrolytically in the solid state and can be stored in a desiccator as well as in open atmosphere. They are proposed to be polymeric. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

双氯芬酸铜(Ⅱ)、氯灭酸铜(Ⅱ)配合物合成及其清除O-2的作用

天然超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)可以专一地清除生物体内的超氧阴离子自由基O-2,从而可预防活性氧中毒、抗衰老、减少癌症等疾病的发生。但是SOD分子量大、不易透过细胞膜、在生物体内半衰期短并有异体抗原性、价格昂贵,临床使用受到很大限制。2 (2′,5′ 二氯 苯氨基) 苯乙酸(双氯芬酸)、2 (3′ 氯 苯氨基) 苯甲酸(氯灭酸)是二苯胺类衍生物,临床用作消炎镇痛药,有清除O-2的能力[1],而且活性稳定。本文制备的它们的Cu(Ⅱ)配合物,可作为SOD模拟物[2],且活性较高。1　实验部分1 1　主要试剂和仪器双氯芬酸钠(纯度99 5%河南汤阴永奈化工有限…     

Evaluation of the quality of colour changes of complexometric indicators in the titration of copper (II) with EDTA by tristimulus colorimetry

The quality of colour changes of the indicators hematoxylin, 4(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), xylenol orange, pyrocatechol violet, chromazurolS and eriochrome cyanineR in the complexometric titration of copper(II) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied with the help of tristimulus colorimetry, utilising a comparative study of the parameters SCD (specific colour discrimination), CIE La^*b^* 1976 and LABHNU 1977. Hematoxylin was found to be the best indicator among those studied. A screened indicator, viz. PAR + malachite green (52), was developed to enhance the quality of colour transition at the end-point and the accuracy of the titrimetric determination.     

STRUCTURES OF PYRIDINE CARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES OF COBALT(II) AND COPPER(II)

Abstract

The syntheses and crystal structures of [Co(nic)₂(H₂O)₄] (1). [Co(iso)₂(H₂O)₄] (2). [Cu(nic)₂(H₂O)₄] (3), and [Cu(iso)₂(H₂O)₄] (4) (nic = nicotinate; iso = isonicotinate) are reported. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/m with cell parameters a =14.150(4). b = 6.883(2)., c = 8.497(2) Å, β= 118.28(2)° and Z = 2. The other crystals. 2. 3. and 4. are all triclinic, Pī; a = 9.777(3), b = 6.348(4), c = 6.888(3)Å, a= 113.10(6)., β= 110.55(3). γ = 97.61(5)°, and Z=l for 2; a = 7.0281(4), b = 7.7176(6), c = 8.6978(7)Å, a = 68.103(7), β = 68.526(5), γ = 62.550(6)°, and Z=1 for 3; a = 9.1807(4), b = 6.3334(3), c = 6.8871(3)Å, a= 108.213(4), β = 99.433(4), γ= 105.190(4)°, and Z= 1 for 4. The arrangements around the metal ions are trans-octahedra with two pyridyl nitrogens and two aqua oxygens in the equatorial positions and two aqua oxygens in the axial positions, although the Cu(II) complexes show a larger Jahn-Teller distortion.