毛细管电泳-钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极电化学催化氧化测定羟胺和巯基类化合物

本文利用自制的毛细管电泳－电化学安培检测装置，以钴钛菁碳糊修饰电极为工作。电极，在中性磷酸体系缓冲溶液中，对四种羟胺和巯基类化合物的混合物进行了分离和测定，检测下限羟胺类化合物为５．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ巯基类化合物为１．０×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对实际尿样中的半胱氨酸进行检测，结果满意。     

丁二酮肟化学修饰碳糊电极测定微量钯

报道了丁二酮肟化学修饰碳糊电极用于测定微量钯的研究。实验表明，Pd（Ⅱ）浓度在1×10－4～5×10－7mol·L－1范围内呈良好的线性关系。对模拟样进行了测定。     

Catalase Like Activity of Iron Phthalocyanine Incorporated in a Carbon Paste Electrode

Abstract

The electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide has been investigated using a modified carbon paste electrode, by incorporating iron phthalocyanine. This offers interesting properties due to the catalase like activity of the electrode.

The utilization of this type of electrode permits the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations down to 5x10^?5 M.     

乙醇对双核酞菁钴掺杂聚苯胺膜修饰电极特性的影响

研究了乙醇对双核酞菁钴(b i-CoPc)掺杂聚苯胺(PAn)膜修饰电极特性的影响。用循环伏安法(CV)考察了乙醇浓度不同时,玻碳电极(GC)上双核酞菁钴掺杂聚苯胺的电聚合过程,用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-V is)、红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了在氧化铟锡玻璃(ITO)电极上b i-CoPc掺杂的PAn膜,研究了乙醇对膜以及该膜修饰电极对溶液中分子氧电催化性能的影响。结果表明,乙醇对苯胺的电聚合有促进作用,有助于增加b i-CoPc掺杂量,膜的光谱特性发生变化,表面形貌更加均匀。乙醇存在下制备的修饰电极对溶液中分子氧的电催化活性明显提高。当乙醇含量为10%时,制备的电极催化能力最强。     

Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Cobalt Phthalocyanine Composite for Pyridoxine Determination

In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE), cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite designed as PGE‐MWCNT/CoPc was developed and validated for pyridoxine (vitamin B6) determination employing Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical behaviour of pyridoxine at the PGE‐MWCNT/CoPc has been evaluated and the charge transfer coefficient, α, and the charge transfer rate constant, κ, were calculated as 0.30 and 11.67±0.43 s^?1, respectively, which indicates that, although this system is irreversible, it is viable kinetically to be used as a sensor. The optimized experimental conditions were pH 5.5 in 0.30 mol L^?1 phosphate buffer. The linear range found was 10 to 400 μmol L^?1 of pyridoxine, with r=0.9987. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.50 and 1.67 μmol L^?1, respectively, showing the good sensitivity of the method. The method was successfully applied for the pyridoxine determination in real samples of pharmaceutical formulation with RSD% lower than 5 % indicating that it can be used for routine quality control pharmaceutical formulations containing pyridoxine. Furthermore, it has the advantages of a fast response, a low detection limit and low cost.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nanosized Cobalt Phthalocyanine Particles: Simultaneous Determination in the Presence of CTAB

Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) and its derivatives are well known as electrocatalysts to catalyze oxidation or reduction of some species, such as cysteine, nitric oxide. Their nanosized particles may display the potential optics, electronic, catalytic and structural properties. In this paper, carbon paste electrodes modified with nanosized cobalt phthalocyanine particles (denoted as Nano‐CoPc‐CPE) are fabricated. The electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the Nano‐CoPc‐CPE was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Nano‐CoPc particles perform good electrocatalytic activity to DA and AA. The anodic peak potentials of DA and AA were separated with good sensitivity in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The DA and AA can be simultaneously determined by using differential pulse voltammetry. On optimal conditions, the good linear response to DA and AA was observed in the range of 3.0×10^?6–1.0×10^?4 M and 5.0×10^?6–3.0×10^?4 M with the correlation coefficient of 0.9983 and 0.9978, respectively. Moreover, 100‐fold AA did not interfere in the determination of DA. This method has been used to simultaneously determine DA and AA concentration in mixed drug samples with satisfactory results.     

新型超支化聚合物修饰碳糊电极的制备及应用

制备了超支化聚(胺-酯)化学修饰碳糊电极,研究了Cu2+在修饰电极上的电化学行为.在0.25 mol/L KCl溶液(pH 4.0)中, Cu2+与超支化聚(胺-酯)形成电化学包络物,分别于0.27和0.06 V处产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,具有明显的催化还原增敏作用.研究了超支化聚合物结构和代数对电极性能的影响.实验表明: 5代超支化聚合物修饰电极性能最好.建立了线性扫描伏安法测定痕量铜的方法,线性范围1.0×10-8 ～ 3.0×10-5 mol/L;检出限为4.0×10-9 mol/L. 用于人发样品的测定,获得满意结果.     

Determination of Nickel in Fuel Ethanol Using a Carbon Paste Modified Electrode Containing Dimethylglyoxime

A mercury-free electrode chemically modified with carbon paste containing dimethylglyoxime was used for determination of nickel in fuel ethanol. The instrumental parameters and composition of the modified paste were optimized. The analytical curve for nickel determination from 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ was obtained using 25 min of accumulation time. The detection limit and amperometric sensitivity obtained for this method were 2.7 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ and 5.2 × 10⁸ μA mol⁻¹ L, respectively. The values for nickel concentration in four commercial samples of fuel ethanol were obtained in the range of 1.1 × 10⁻⁸ to 6.9 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹. A comparison to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was performed for nickel determination in commercial samples of ethanol.     

碳纳米管碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定西沙必利

用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了西沙必利在多壁碳纳米管碳糊电极上的伏安行为和反应机理。在pH6.09Britton-Robinson缓冲液中,西沙必利在 0.89V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的氧化峰。该氧化峰是由吸附控制的两电子一质子不可逆过程。其峰电流与浓度在4.0×10?8~2.0×10?5mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.997),检出限为1.0×10?8mol/L。对5×10?6mol/L西沙必利平行测定10次的相对标准偏差为3.68%。用本法测定了片剂中西沙必利的含量,加标回收率为94.0%~104%。     

Application of a Tetraamino Cobalt(II) Phthalocyanine Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode for the Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of L-Dopa in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

A novel synthesized tetraamino cobalt(II) phthalocyanine monomer was used for the fabrication of a sensor by electrochemical polymerization. A disposable electrochemical sensor based on the use of a screen printed carbon electrode covered with an electropolymerized film of tetraamino cobalt(II) phthalocyanine for the determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical tablets and biological samples was described. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed for the characterization of the bare and modified electrode. For the electrochemical detection of L-dopa differential pulse voltammetry was used. The proposed method exhibits a good response towards electrooxidation of L-dopa in the linear concentration range: from 0.1 to 1000.0 μmol L⁻¹ in BRB pH=2.0, with a detection limit of 0.03 μmol L⁻¹ and from 1 to 1000 μmol L⁻¹ in PBS pH=7.4, with a detection limit of 0.33 μmol L⁻¹. Due to the fact that the developed sensor was applied in two different types of real samples, two buffer media were used, BRB pH=2.0 for pharmaceutical and urine samples and PBS pH=7.4 for whole blood samples. The proposed pCoTAPc/SPCE was successfully applied for the determination of L-dopa in pharmaceutical tablets, urine and in whole blood samples with satisfactory results.     

甲壳素修饰碳糊电极测定亚硝酸根

报道了一种对ＮＯ－２具有高灵敏度和选择性的碳糊化学修饰电极。该电极由碳粉中加入修饰剂甲壳素制备而成。采用酸性Ｂｒｉｔｏｎ－Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ广泛缓冲溶液（ｐＨ３．９０）为支持电解质,用１．２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）作吸附剂,对亚硝酸根离子进行阳极溶出伏安法测定,检测限为１．０×１０－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。在量浓度为２．０×１０－９～２．０×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内,峰电流与浓度具有线性关系。此修饰电极可直接富集和测定水样中亚硝酸根的含量,大多数离子对测定无干扰,回收率为９６．０％～１１０．０％。     

皂土修饰碳糊电极的电化学发光特性研究及其分析应用

基于皂土修饰碳糊电极对鲁米诺背景电化学发光信号的降低作用和对异烟肼的富集分离作用,建立了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的测定异烟肼的电化学发光新方法.在最佳的实验条件下,相对电化学发光强度与异烟肼的浓度在5.0×10^-9～8.0×10^-7mol/L范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限为1.8×10^-9mol/L,相关系数为0.9984.     

Fabrication of Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Detection of Dopamine

The nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple sonochemical method. Here, NiTsPc served as a dispersing agent for MWCNT via π? π interaction between MWCNT and NiTsPc. The activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) modified with MWCNT‐NiTsPc composite exhibited a good electrocatalytic ability toward dopamine and displayed a good linear dependence in the concentration range of 20 nM–1.384 mM with a sensitivity of 0.17 µA µM^?1 cm^?2. The detection limit is 1 nM based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3.     

Electrochemical Determination of 4-Nitrophenol Using a Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Film-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode

A single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for the direct determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The electrochemical behaviors of 4-NP at the SWNT-film coated GCE were examined. In 0.1M phosphate buffer with a pH of 5.0, 4-NP yields a very sensitive and well-defined reduction peak at the SWNT-modified GCE. It is found that the SWNT film exhibits obvious electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of 4-NP since it not only increases the reduction peak current but also lowers the reduction overpotential. Based on this, an electrochemical method was proposed for the direct determination of 4-NP. The reduction peak current varies linearly with the concentration of 4-NP ranging from 1×10^–8 to 5×10^–6M, and the detection limit is 2.5×10^–9M after 3min of open-circuit accumulation. The relative standard deviation at 2×10^–7M 4-NP was about 6% (n=10), suggesting excellent reproducibility. This new method was successfully employed to determine 4-NP in several lake water samples.     

Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of NADPH at a Low Potential on the Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Introduction Because of its novel structural and electronic proper-ties, high chemical stability, and extremely high me-chanical strength and modulus,1 carbon nanotube (CNT), which has become a major subject of many experimen-tal and theoretical investigations, has a wide potential application from structural materials to nanoelectronic components2-12 since its initial discovery by Iijima13 in 1991 and the subsequent report about the synthesis of large quantities of CNT by Ebbesen and cowork…     

锆-茜素红络合物在多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极上的阳极吸附伏安法研究

制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极并研究了锆-茜素红络合物在该电极上的阳极吸附伏安行为,采用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法进行分析,实验结果表明,在0.128 mol/L氨基乙酸-0.048 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲液(pH 4.0)中,在200 mV富集60 s,在200~1200 mV范围内以200 mV/s的速率线性扫描,络合物吸附在该修饰电极表面,于832 mV(vs.SCE)处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,为络合物中配体茜素红的氧化所产生。络合物的峰电流与锆的浓度在1.0×10-11~2.0×10-7mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系;检出限(S/N=3)为6.0×10-12mol/L(富集时间180 s)。方法用于岩矿样品中痕量锆的测定,结果满意。     

室温离子液体六氟磷酸正丁基吡啶修饰碳糊电极的制备与表征

以室温离子液体(RTIL)六氟磷酸正丁基吡啶(BPPF6)代替传统固体石蜡为粘合剂与石墨粉相混合制备了一种新型的离子液体修饰碳糊电极(RTIL/CPE)。优化出制备电极时石墨与BPPF6的比例为3∶1(w/w),采用扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行了表征,以铁氰化钾为电化学探针对RTIL/CPE的电化学行为进行了研究,并与传统石蜡碳糊电极(CPE)进行了比较。结果表明由于BPPF6具有较高的导电性,使RTIL/CPE比CPE具有更高的导电效率,铁氰化钾在电极上的可逆性变好,ΔEp值为64mV,峰电流响应增加3.5倍,电极过程由吸附控制变为扩散控制,根据计时库仑法求解出铁氰化钾的扩散系数为1.39×10-4cm2/s。     

A Novel Sensor Based on Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Polypyrrole/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cytostatic Drug Rapamycin

The electrocatalytic oxidation of rapamycin, one of the most studied immunosuppressant, cancer-preventing drug, is investigated for the first time on the surface of the modified carbon paste electrode prepared by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and conductive polymer pyrrole using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Rapamycin exhibited a well-defined oxidation peak at +1.1 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in Briton Robinson buffer solution with a pH 4.0. Effect of the most important experimental parameters was optimized and obtained signals are linear to the concentration of rapamycin in the range from 0.1 to 20 μM with 0.06 μM limit of detection. The repeatability is calculated as ±2 % and the reproducibility as ±5 %. The possible interfering compounds were tested showing negligible effect and the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of rapamycin in commercial pharmaceutical formulations with obtained recoveries in the range from 98 % to 102 %.     

介孔碳纳米纤维修饰电极用于黄酮类化合物芦丁的电化学测定

制备了新型的介孔碳纳米纤维修饰热解石墨电极(MCNF/PGE),并将其用于芦丁含量的测定。用循环伏安法、交流阻抗谱法、示差脉冲伏安法研究了该修饰电极膜性能及芦丁在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,修饰电极可有效促进探针离子[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-在电极表面的电子传递;芦丁在该修饰电极表面的电化学过程受扩散控制。由于MCNFs大量的石墨边缘缺陷、大比表面积以及介孔结构,与裸电极相比,该修饰电极对芦丁呈现出很高的电催化活性,芦丁阳极峰电流约为裸电极上的18倍。在最佳实验条件下,芦丁的氧化峰电流(Ipa)与其浓度(c)在2.0×10-8～1.2×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-9mol/L,线性系数r2=0.999。此外,计算了电荷转移系数(α)、标准速率常数(ks),并推测了芦丁的电化学氧化还原机理。该修饰电极易于制备、可再生,重复性及稳定性良好,可作为一种高灵敏度的电化学传感器应用于芦丁片剂中芦丁的含量测定。     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极/鸟嘌呤电化学体系的固体电位型pH传感器

根据鸟嘌呤在短单壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(S-SWCNT/GCE)上发生的电催化氧化特性,及其氧化电位对支持电解质溶液的pH值具有灵敏的响应,制备了以鸟嘌呤为指示剂的固体电位型pH传感器。在优化各种影响因素后,其电位在pH2.0~12.0范围内具有线性响应,回归方程为Epa(V)=-0.0497pH 0.8931。该传感器制备简单,使用方便,响应时间<20 s。在pH响应范围内待测液中离子强度对测定没有影响。酸碱滴定终点具有明显的突跃。对Na 、K 和Ca2 的选择性系数小。已成功地应用于实际样品的测定。